Download NSG 211 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide: Key Concepts and Definitions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NSG 211 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Study Guide(Burns) Questions With Complete Solutions Idiopathic - unknown cause of disease iatrogenic - caused by treatment Acute Infection - comes on fast, resolves quickly Chronic Infection - Lasts longer than 2 months Nosocomial - Health care acquired Communicable - spreads from host to host Notifiable - STD's must be reported when diagnosed Epidemiology - Study of communicable disease Mortality - Death rate Morbidity - decreased quality of life due to condition Prevalence - Snapshot of a disease Incidence - How many occurrences in a certain time period Homeostasis - balance of physiological systems Hypertrophy - Increase in cellular size (HTN, exercise)
Hyperplasia - Increase in cellular number (can predispose to dysplasia/anaplasia) Metaplasia - change from mature cell A to B (abnormal change in the nature of a tissue) Dysplasia - Varied nuclei and cell size/shape Atrophy - Decrease in cellular size Hypoxia - lack of oxygen to an area Ischemia - lack of blood flow/supply to the area (tissue perfusion) Necrosis - death of most cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of blood supply (localized) Apoptosis - death of cells that occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth Gangrene - an area of necrotic tissue which has been infected by bacteria Serous Exudate - white/yellow fluid, thin, seen most often Fibrinous Exudate - sticky Purulent Exudate - dead white blood cells, indicates infection (puss)
Immunity Process - phagocytosis (innate) > APC > Antibody (immunoglobulin) Production (B) and Cell mediated (T) Macrophage - presents foreign material to B-cell (as APC) starts adaptive immunity T-cells - activated to attack cells showing foreign antigens T-Helper - (CD4) crucial in both specific and innate immunity IgG - small, most abundant. Crosses Placenta (second response) IgM - First Responder IgA - in secretions IgE - Mast cells, Histamine, Type 1 Hypersensitivity Primary Immunity - IgM Secondary Immunity - IgG Natural Active - Acquired through active illness (Chicken Pox) Artificial Active - Acquired through immune activation by vaccination Natural Passive - Breast Milk (colostrum)
Artificial Passive - subject given antibodies produced by another organism (antivenom) Type I Immune Response - Allergic Reaction (histamine released by IgE) Type II Immune Response - Cytotoxic Hypersensitivity Type III - Immune complex hypersensitivity (Ag-Ab immune) Type IV - Cell mediated or delayed (TB skin test) Pathophysiology of Anaphylactic Shock - Type I hypersensitivity, hypotension & Edema, increased capillary permeability Pathophysiology of Burns - Shock, hypotension, pain, infection Treatment of Burns - need protein to build collagen Superficial thickness - Does not blister (sunburn) Partial thickness - blisters full thickness - all the way through Dermis Local infection - inflammation, pain (stays in affected area) Systemic infection - generalized symptoms (everywhere) Gram - - make endotoxins within cell membrane (shock)
Eosinophils % - 2-4 % Monocytes % - 3-8% Basophils % - 0.5-1%
