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NSG 6101 Final Exams Study Notes, Exercises of Nursing

The document covers various topics related to veterinary practice, including evidence-based practice, ethics, human-animal relationships, cultural competence, and leadership. It provides definitions, models, and frameworks for veterinary consultations and emphasizes the importance of the veterinary-client-animal triad and the human-animal bond. The document also includes test question examples and learner types and situational leadership models. It could be useful for students preparing for final exams or as study notes for veterinary courses.

Typology: Exercises

2022/2023

Available from 06/26/2023

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NSG 6101 FINAL EXAMS
What does PICO stand for?
P = population/patient
I = intervention/exposure (new/questioning text)
C = comparison (known effective treatment)
O = outcome
4 steps to EBP
1. Ask (PICO)
2. Acquire (find evidence)
3. Appraise (hierarchy pyramid of evidence)
4. Apply
Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (weakest)
Laboratory studies -
In Vito "tube test" research
Comparative animal research
Expert opinion - ideas, editorials, opinion (textbook)
Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (observational studies ranked)
Weakest:
Single case reports
Case studies (more than one)
Strongest ranking: OAR
1. Cohort study - follow a group of animals and unknown if sick or not. (No bias)
2. Case-control study - take sick animal and control (not sick) then gather into
3. Cross-sectional study - intervention what happened (single day)
Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (strongest evidence)
Strongest:
Meta-analysis = find new data and summaries
Systematic review = find all studies that are relevant. Collaborate everything other.
Randomized control trail = experimental stud. Intervention is assigned by researcher
SMART goals
Specific
Measurable
Actionable-orientated
Realistic
Time-constrained
Veterinary practitioner’s code of conduct
Primary concern for welfare of animals
maintaining professional standards to stand expected by other vet practioner, users of
veterinary services, the public.
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NSG 6101 FINAL EXAMS

What does PICO stand for? P = population/patient I = intervention/exposure (new/questioning text) C = comparison (known effective treatment) O = outcome 4 steps to EBP

  1. Ask (PICO)
  2. Acquire (find evidence)
  3. Appraise (hierarchy pyramid of evidence)
  4. Apply Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (weakest) Laboratory studies - In Vito "tube test" research Comparative animal research Expert opinion - ideas, editorials, opinion (textbook) Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (observational studies ranked) Weakest: Single case reports Case studies (more than one) Strongest ranking: OAR
  5. Cohort study - follow a group of animals and unknown if sick or not. (No bias)
  6. Case-control study - take sick animal and control (not sick) then gather into
  7. Cross-sectional study - intervention what happened (single day) Hierarchy pyramid of evidence (strongest evidence) Strongest: Meta-analysis = find new data and summaries Systematic review = find all studies that are relevant. Collaborate everything other. Randomized control trail = experimental stud. Intervention is assigned by researcher SMART goals Specific Measurable Actionable-orientated Realistic Time-constrained Veterinary practitioner’s code of conduct Primary concern for welfare of animals maintaining professional standards to stand expected by other vet practioner, users of veterinary services, the public.

Veterinary practitioner's code of conduct mean? Informed consent Record management Confident Provide estimates Signing of documents Special interest areas Ethics 1 Your own thoughts Own view Right vs. wrong Parents views Ethics 2 Analysis of ethics Studies and arguments of ethics. How to justify topic Consequentialism Choices/actions are morally assessed in the light of the state of affairs they bring about. Promote welfare/wellbeing Utilitarianism Weighs out the costs and benefits of situation. Greatest good with least harm. Good outweighs the bad. All about the outcome Effective altruism Not the good you can do but how much good you can do. Become a doctor and save 3000 lives or become rich and donate to save 6000 people. Deontology A choice or action is right if it conforms to a moral norm. Some choices are morally forbidden. Right is privatized over good. Principalism Emphasis on harm minimization, promoting good, required disclosure of information that fosters autonomous decision making. Normative ethics ...

Risk management process

  1. Hazard identification/measurement
  2. Hazard assessment/evaluation
  3. Hazard control/management (elimination, isolation) Managing WHS risks Risk management process Review and improvement Communicate and consult with all employees Hazard control (hierarchy to control) Eliminate hazard Substitute Isolate Automate process (people not involved) Minimize size Rearrange work area Safe work Training PPE Five factor model
  4. Openness to experience
  5. Conscientiousness
  6. Extraversion
  7. Agreeableness
  8. Neuroticism DISC profile Dominance Influence Steadiness - not wanting change Compliance - adhere to rules Extrovert vs. introvert Extrovert = gain energy from outside world (let’s talk about it) Introvert = gain energy from inner world (need to think alone) Sensing vs. intuition Sensing = facts, present resources Intuition = possibilities (ideas), future, brainstorming Thinking vs. feeling

Thinking = logic, objective, impersonal Feeling = values, empathetic, thinking about others, Judging vs. perceiving Judging = plans, schedule, decisive, structure. Let's make a plan Perceiving = spontaneous, casual, open ended, flexible. Let's wait and see. Self-care - SPIRE Spiritual Physical Intellectual Relationships Emotions Self-compassion Self-kindness vs. self-judgement Common humanity vs. isolation be mindful Anthrozoology Study of interactions and relationships between humans and animals Anthropomorphism Attribution of human-like mental states, desires and motivations to non-human animals. Worthy of greater moral consideration. Motivates humans to become activists, vets, vegetarians Fie domains model (physical/functional)

  1. Nutrition
  2. Environment
  3. Health
  4. Behavior
  5. Mental state - negative affects HAR Human animal relationship Good: feeding, handling, need to see how the animals will perceive you. HAB Human animal bond Bond tend to promote well being HAI Human animal interaction Animals handled in different ways. Language being used around animals

Is not circumscribed by geographical borders More than demographics Reflects the diversity of human life, history and practice Cultural competence Creating optimal services for particular ethic, religious, and social groups. Help patients reach optimum health and welfare (One Health) Promotes respect Increase revenue Leader mean? Sharing a vision, goals, direction and actions with other people and achieving a unified outcome Learner types Novice (no experience) Learner (some experience) Provisional (much experience) Expert (fully experienced) Situational leadership model Direct (very specific instructions) Coach (input learning and help) Support (encourage and advise) Delegate (ste outcome with little instruction how to achieve it) Leadership styles Visionary Coaching Affiliative Democratic Pace setting Commanding Veterinary consultations Veterinary-client- animal triad Human-animal bond Euthanasia Finances Veterinary consultation framework

  1. Preparation
  2. Initiating the consultation
  3. Gathering information (history) open ended questions, pause, reflective listening
  4. PE
  5. Explanation and planning (priorities info)
  6. Closing the session ALL times:

Building relationships (nonverbal, empathy) providing structure Observations (all times, animal and client) Building relationship (expressing empathy) - 3 techniques

  1. Normalization = It is normal to be worried
  2. Self-disclosure = I have had a pet also
  3. Partnership = anyone to help