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NSG 6 665 Exam 2 With Complete
Solution
Angioma or hemangioma - ANSWER papule made of blood vessels
ecchymosis - ANSWER bruise; purple to brown; macular or papular; varied in size
hematoma - ANSWER collection of blood from ruptured blood vessel, larger than 1 cm
petechiae - ANSWER pinpoint, pink to purple macular lesions that do not blanch, 1-3cm
purpura - ANSWER purple macular lesion, larger than 1 cm
Telangiectasia - ANSWER collection of macular or raised dilated capillaries
acral - ANSWER involving extremities
annular - ANSWER ring-shaped
arcuate - ANSWER arc shaped
circinate - ANSWER circular
confluent - ANSWER skin lesions that run together
contiguous - ANSWER side by side, touching; near; adjacent
diffuse or generalized - ANSWER scattered, widely distributed
discrete - ANSWER Distinct, separate
eczematous - ANSWER pertaining to or resembling eczema, vesicles with oozing crust
grouped - ANSWER arranged in sets
guttate - ANSWER small, drop-like
herpetiform - ANSWER resembling herpes, grouped vesicles on an erythematous base
iris - ANSWER arranged in concentric circles, one inside the other
linear - ANSWER arranged in a line
localized - ANSWER in a limited area
nummular - ANSWER coin shaped
pedunculated - ANSWER having a stalk
polycyclic - ANSWER oval with more than one ring
reticular - ANSWER net-like
serpiginous - ANSWER creeping, snake-like
symmetric - ANSWER Being equal or the same in size, shape, and relative position
target lesion(iris or targetoid) - ANSWER erythematous papule or plaque characterized by a red to violet dusky center surrounded by a raised, edematous pale ring and red periphery
telangiectatic - ANSWER referring to dilated terminal vessels
umbilicated - ANSWER depressed or shaped like a navel
pastes - ANSWER made of a combination of powder and oil, which makes them somewhat difficult to apply and remove, but is effective in providing dryness and protection for skin
powders - ANSWER absorb moisture, reduce friction , provide cooling, decrease itching, increase evaporation
shampoos - ANSWER liquid soaps or detergents for cleaning the hair and skin (ex: tar for psoriasis, antifungal shampoos)
foam - ANSWER gas dispersed in a lotion containing one or more active substances; shown to have effective drug delivery; well accepted by most patients and increasing in use
atopic dermatitis - ANSWER Eczema: Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants; chronic; "the itch that rashes." pruritic dermatitis that occurs more commonly in individuals with either a personal or family history of allergies, asthma, or eczema. IgE mediates this response.
atopic contact dermatitis - ANSWER immune mediated skin rash at the site of contact with a chemical allergen mediated by sensitized T-cells.; "allergic
contact dermatitis". Causes: soaps, fragrances, jewelry, plants/poison ivy
irritant contact dermatitis - ANSWER contact of irritant with skin causes inflammation. Causes: babies sitting in wet diapers for long periods, long term exposure to soaps, detergents, chemicals
where is atopic dermatitis usually found? - ANSWER flexor surfaces; ex: neck, wrist, ac, popliteal, ears
what is another name for atopic dermatitis? - ANSWER eczema
what is the most common organism in atopic dermatitis? - ANSWER staph aureus
what to use if moisturizing doesn't help with atopic dermatitis? - ANSWER topical corticosteroids; short course of higher potency (%)for flare-ups; reduce to lower potency for control
what do you use for severe flare ups of atopic dermatitis? - ANSWER Systemic corticosteroids (PO)
What do you prescribe if atopic dermatitis develops a secondary infection? -
tissue involve destruction or extensive injury to a muscle, fascia, nerves, tendons, vessels, and bone. Typically, it requires surgical intervention and skin grafting.
history to obtain for burns: - ANSWER - how the burn occurred, include injury agent and length of time area was in contact, circumstances surrounding injury, when it happened, and any other possible injuries like trauma or smoke inhalation
- initial and subsequent treatment of the burn
previous history of burn injuries
other current medical problems
- tetanus status
- suspicion of child abuse; if history and mechanism do not match the injury
when should airway complications be suspected in burn patients? - ANSWER
- exposure to flame or chemicals
- exposure was in an enclosed space
- facial or neck burns
- burns or soot over the nares or oral cavity
- hoarseness
- cough
- auscultated wheezes or crackles
what should be examined first in burn patients and why? - ANSWER airway; first hour of death in burn patients is due to airway compromise
what to do with children who have their airway compromised (burns)? - ANSWER place on 100% non rebreather and transported via EMS to nearest ER
diagnostic studies in burn patients - ANSWER - CBC
- BMP
- urinalysis and specific gravity
Burns review if needed <3 - ANSWER pgs 924-925 in Burns
Folliculitis - ANSWER inflammation of the hair follicles that results in a pustule ; 1 - 2 mm pustule or papule
common organism for folliculitis: - ANSWER s. aureus
furuncles - ANSWER boils; large, tender, swollen areas caused by a
surface
where does SSSS not appear? - ANSWER palms, soles, mucous membranes
organism that causes SSSS? - ANSWER group II staph
how is SSSS spread? - ANSWER the infection/toxin lies somewhere in the body and is spread to the skin via the cardiovascular system.
"strawberry tongue" - ANSWER the tongue to appears bumpy, red, and swollen, similar to a strawberry; found in Scarlet fever
what part of the body is usually spared from rash in scarlet fever? - ANSWER the face
how soon does the rash in scarlet fever disappear? - ANSWER 2-7 days
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) - ANSWER Severe allergic reaction to either a medication or infection(viral or bacterial); erythematous macules on the head and neck that can spread to the trunk and extremities with hemorrhagic blister formation; mucosal involvement of eyes, nose, and mouth is widespread; life-threatening; transfer to ICU immediately
epidermis - ANSWER Outer layer of skin; protective; thinnest
dermis - ANSWER middle layer of skin; manages heat loss; defense; nutrition; thickest
subcutaneous/hypodermis - ANSWER the fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis; cushion; insulation; energy; metabolism
primary lesion - ANSWER lesions arising from previously normal skin
macule - ANSWER flat, colored spot on the skin; nonpalpable; 1cm or smaller
papule - ANSWER small, solid, raised lesion on surface of the skin; distinct borders; varied colors; 1cm or smaller
patch - ANSWER macular; a flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1 cm
plaque - ANSWER solid, raised, flat-topped lesion w/ distinct borders; 1cm or larger
scale - ANSWER thin, flaking layers of epidermis
Lichenification - ANSWER rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, itching, or skin irritation; with deep visible furrows
keloid - ANSWER headed lesion of hypertrophied connective tissue
scar - ANSWER healed lesion of connective tissue
excoriation - ANSWER abrasion or removal of epidermis; scratch
fissure - ANSWER linear, wedge-shaped cracks extending into dermis
erosion - ANSWER oozing or moist, depressed area with loss of superficial dermis
ulcer - ANSWER deeper than erosion; open lesion extending into dermmis
atrophy - ANSWER thinning skin, may appear translucent
when do you refer nevi to a dermatologist? - ANSWER - suspicious ABCDE
- rapidly growing or changing
- more than 50 nevi
- one or more atypical nevi
- hx of one or more 1st degree relatives with melanoma
- presence of a giant or large congenital nevus
- signs of excessive sun exposure
- hx of immunosuppression & multiple nevi on exam
best time to moisture skin? - ANSWER after baths
what oil is found on poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac? - ANSWER urushiol; causes leaves to shine; oil is found on leaves in poison ivy and oak, found on stems and leaves in poison sumac
poison ivy growth pattern - ANSWER while mature- can grow 2ft tall and spread out in vines; "great mimic"
poison oak growth pattern - ANSWER grows as a bush; "great mimic"
