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neurotransmitter
NEED TO KNOW MEDICATIONS FOR
NCLEX
ANALGESICS
- Opioids
- pain threshold by altering pain
perception
ANTICONVULSANTS
❧ interval between seizures
ANXIOLYTICS
- Azaspirodecanedione derivatives
- anxiety. Action unknown, thought to act by
the amount/action of serotonin in certain parts of
the brain.
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Buspar Buspirone Hydrochloride
❧ *Neurontin is sometimes prescribed for
chronic pain neuropathy
❧ *Monitor blood levels: Dilantin, Tegretol,
and Depakote
ANTIDEPRESSANTS
❧ SSRIs
❧ Act by inhibiting serotonin reuptake in CNS
BENZODIAZEPINES ( Pam & Lam)
- Enhance/facilitate GABA, an inhibitory
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Demerol Meperidine HCL
Dilaudid Hydromorphone
Duragesic, Sublimaze Fentanyl
Morphine Sulfate Morphine Sulfate
Vicodin, Norco Hydrocodone
Common Brand Name Generic Name
Dilantin Phenytoin
Neurontin
Gabapentin
Tegretol Carbamazepine
Depakote Valproic Acid
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Elavil Amitriptyline
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Ativan Lorazepam
Valium Diazepam
Xanax Alprazolam
Common Brand Names
Generic Names
Celexa Citalopram
Effexor Venlafaxine
Lexapro Escitalopram Oxalate
Paxil Paroxetine
Prozac Fluoxetine
Zoloft Sertraline
SEDATIVES/HYPNOTICS
ANTICOAGULANTS
❧ Interferes with blood clotting processes. Used to prevent thrombus and embolus
ANTIPLATELETS
❧ Interferes with the 1 ST step in the clotting process: platelet aggregation
DIURETICS
❧ fluid volume in the body **NI= monitor daily weight under standard conditions, assess BP, I&O, presence of edema
LOOP DIURETICS
❧ Inhibit reabsorption of Na+, CL-, K+ and H2O (in loop of Henle), but also in proximal and distal renal tubules
Thiazide Diuretics
- excretion of Na+, Cl-, K+,
H2O in distal tube and ascending loop of Henle ❧ *Pepto-Bismol contains aspirin
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
❧ Contains aldosterone at receptor sites in distal tubule; excrete Na+, Cl-, H2O, not K+ Common Brand Names Generic Names Ambien Zolpidem Tartrate Lunesta Eszopiclone Common Drug Names Generic Names Bumex Bumetanide Demadex Torsemide Lasix Furosemide Common Brand Names Generic Names Coumadin Warfarin Lovenox Enoxaparin Heparin Heparin Sodium-from beef/pork Common Brand Names Generic Names Diuril Chlorothiazide Sodium Hydrodiuril, HCTZ Hydrochlorothiazide Zaroxolyn Metolazone Common Brand Names Generic Names ASA-aspirin Acetylsalicylic Acid Plavix Clopidogrel Common Brand Names Generic Names Aldactone Spironolactone Dyrenium Triamterene
ARBS-(SARTAN)
- block binding of angiotensin II at
the receptor site, preventing
vasoconstriction & aldosterone
secreting effect usually caused by
angiotensin II
NITRATES
❧ Peripheral and coronary vasodilators.
❧ Treat/prevent angina, BP, preload/afterload,
myocardial O2 demand.
❧ **NI=rotate transdermal patches/remove after 12-14 hours
=(“patch free” interval of 10-12 hours daily)
Brand Names Generic Names
Atacand Candesartan
Cozaar Losartan
Diovan Valsartan
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
❧ Positive inotropes (improve contractility and
cardiac output)
❧ Negative dromotropic slow AV conduction
rate.
❧ Negative chronotropes HR & improve
cardiac output.
❧ Act as antiarrhythmic via tropic effect.
❧ **NI=Monitor K+ level, S/S toxicity
Brand Names Generic Names
Lanoxin Digoxin
❧ *Monitor Dig & K+ level, S/S toxicity
BIGUANIDES
- hepatic glucose production &
intestinal absorption of glucose
- improves insulin sensitivity
(tissue response to insulin)
Brand Names Generic Names
Glucophage Metformin
- *Initial drug therapy for newly DX T2DM.
- *Most common side effect: GI.
- *Rare side effect: Lactic acidosis
❧ *Check Potassium Level
ANTI-DIABETICS
- Sulfonylureas
- Promotes insulin secretion by the
pancreas; tissue response to insulin
Brand Names Generic Names
Amaryl Glimepiride
Diabeta
Glynase
Micronase
Glyburide
Glucotrol (XL) Glipizide
GLITAZONES-(GLITAZONE)
❧ Decrease insulin resistance
Brand Names Generic Names
Actos Pioglitazone
Avandia Rosiglitazone
❧ *Edema; HF secondary to renal retention of fluid
GLIPTINS (DPP-4 Enzyme Inhibitors)
❧ levels of incretins-naturally occurring substances control
blood sugar by insulin release, especially after a meal.
Brand Names Generic Names
Januvia Sitagliptin
Common Brand Names Generic Names
Nitro BID Tridil
Transderm Nitro
Nitrostat
Nitroglycerin
Imdur Isosorbide Mononitrate
Isorbid
Isordil
Sorbitrate
Isosorbide Dinitrate
*Sometimes used with diabetic g
sites,gastric acid secretion
PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS (PPI)
- Block final step of gastric acid production
- Ulcer-reducing
H2-HISTAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
- Inhibit histamine at histamine H2-receptor
ANTIEMETICS
nausea & vomiting
ANTILIPIDEMICS
❧ STATINS (HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS)
❧ Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an early step in
cholesterol production
MISCELLANEOUS ANTILIPIDEMICS
❧ *Rhabdomyolysis, Hepatotoxicity
GI MEDS
❧ Non-absorbable medications used
prophylactically to treat/prevent
ulcers and GERD
❧ GI Protectant
❧ Mixes with gastric acid to form a
protective coating of gastric mucosa
Brand Names Generic Names
Carafate Sucralfate
GI STIMULANT
Brand Names Generic Names
Reglan Metoclopramide
Brand Names Generic Names
Zetia
absorption inhibitor
Ezetimibe
cholesterol by small
intestine
TriCor
Fenofibrate
synthesis in liver
Lopid
Gemfibrozil
synthesis in liver
Questran
(food additive improving
quality)
Cholestyramine
impeding absorption
(elimination in feces)
Brand
Names Generic Names
Nexium Esomeprazole
Prilosec Omeprazole
Protonix Pantoprazole
Brand
Names Generic Names
Pepcid Famotidine
Zantac Ranitidine
Brand
Names Generic Names
Phenergan Promethazine
Zofran Ondansetron
Brand Names Generic Names
Crestor Rosuvastatin
Lipitor Atorvastatin
Zocor Simvastatin
PENICILLINS
Brand Names Generic Names
Amoxil Amoxicillin
Omnipen Ampicillin
Unipen Nafcillin
Pipracil Piperacillin
Zosyn Piperacillin/Tazobactam
SULFONAMIDES
Brand Names Generic Names
Bactrim
Bactrim DS
Septra
SMZ-TMP
Trimethoprim-Sulfa
methoxazole
*Avoid or use with extreme caution if allergic to sulfa:
Erythromycin-Sulfisoxazole, Sulfasalazine, Dapsone,
Sulfonamides, Celebrex, Imitrex, Lasix,
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
VANCOMYCIN
Brand Names Generic Names
Vancocin
Vancomycin
Hydrochloride
❧ *Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Red-Man Syndrome
❧ *Peak: 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration.
❧ *Trough: 30 minutes before the next dose.
CARBAPENEMS
Brand Names Generic Names
Invanz Ertapenem
Merrem Meropenem
Primaxin Imipenem
FLUOROQUINOLONES (oxacin)
Brand Names Generic Names
Cipro Ciprofloxacin
Levaquin Levofloxacin
- *Tendon rupture.
- *Adjust dosage for renal patients.
TETRACYCLINES
Brand Names Generic Names
Tetracycline Tetracycline
Vibramycin Doxycycline
INSULINS
- blood glucose by transporting glucose into cells
- promoting conversion of glucose to glycogen
- inhibiting the liver from changing glycogen to gluc
I
ose Names Onset Peak Duration
Types of Insulins Names
Rapid-Acting
Insulin Lispro-Humalog
Insulin Aspart-Novolog
Regular Insulin-Humulin R
Short- Acting
only one given IV
insulin-Insulin U-
ntermediate- Acting
NPH-Humulin N, Novolin R
Insulin Glargine-Lantus
Long-Acting
others
Insulin Detemir-Levemir
NPH/REG
Premixed Aspart
protamine/aspart
Lispro protamine/lispro
Lispro
(Humalog)
5m 60-90min 4-6h
Aspart
(Novolog)
10-20m 1-3h 3-5h
Regular
(Humulin R)
SQ: 30-60m
IV: 10-30m
SQ: 2-4h
IV: 15-30m
SQ: 5-7h
IV: 30-60m
U- 500 2-3h 5-7h
NPH
(Humulin N, Novolin R)
8-12h 18-24h
Glargine
(Lantus)
None 24h
Detemir
(Levemir)
3-14h 24h
NPH
(Humulin 50/50,
Humulin 70/30,
Novolin 70/30)
4-8h 24h
Apart
Protamine/aspart
(Novolog mix 70/30)
1-4h 24h
Lispro
Protamine/lispro
(Humalog mix 75/25)
2.8h 24h
