Download NUR 112: Fundamental Concepts of Nursing Final Exam Study Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING
NUR 112 Final Exam LATEST 2024 - 2025 STUDY
GUIDE GRADED A+ WITH ANSWERS
Cultural influences on health care: Biological sex roles, mental health, language and communication But a society's culture also impacts a person's beliefs, norms and values. It impacts how you view certain ideas or behaviors. And in the case of mental health, it can impact whether or not you seek help, what type of help you seek and what support you have around you. Nursing assessment of the client's cultural beliefs In a brief cultural assessment, you should ask about ethnic background, religious preference, family patterns, food preferences, eating patterns, and health practices. Before the assessment, know the key topics to address and know how to address them without offending the patient and family. cultural assimilation Absorption of a culturally distinct group into a dominant or prevailing culture culture shock personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Ethnicity Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. race Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. Stereotyping creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike culture conflict situation that occurs when people become aware of cultural differences, feel threatened, and respond by ridiculing the beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values Ethnocentrism
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses; symptoms objective data information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer; signs Identifying Cues and Making Inferences The nurse recognizes significant data and draws some basic conclusions about what the data may indicate The clustering of related Data Helps to identify patterns that assist with the identification of nursing diagnosis reporting patterns Written by nurses who are wrapping up their shifts and provided to those nurses beginning the next shift, these details should include a patient's current medical status, along with his or her medical history, individual medication needs, allergies, a record of the patient's pain levels and a pain management plan Southern Union State Community College
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Components of nursing diagnosis statements Problem and its definition. Etiology. Defining characteristics or risk factors. Nursing Diagnosis used to evaluate the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems medical diagnosis used to evaluate the cause and etiology of disease; focus is on the function or malfunction of a specific organ system Collaboration between nurses and other health care professionals Collaboration between physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals increases team members' awareness of each others' type of knowledge and skills, leading to continued improvement in decision making. Effective teams are characterized by trust, respect, and collaboration.
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Care plans are an essential aspect to providing gold standard quality care. Not only do they help define the support & care workers' roles in providing consistent care, but they enable the care team to customise the level and types of support for each person based on their individual needs. long term goal a goal that you plan to reach over an extended period of time short-term goals a goal that you can reach in a short period of time Cognitive how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information Psychomotor mental processes that control movement
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING affective outcomes tell us about the patient's values, beliefs, attitudes and any changes Types of Nursing Interventions 1.Environmental Management 2.Physician ordered Interventions 3.Nurse-Initiated and Physician-Ordered Interventions 4.Nurse-Initiated and Ordered Interventions Reasons for a patient's noncompliance of the care plan Factors associated with noncompliance include past history of noncompliance, stressful lifestyles and environment, socioeconomic status, contrary cultural or religious beliefs and values, lack of social support, lack of financial resources, and compromised emotional state. Nursing responsibilities for nurses delegating to the UAP In general, simple, routine tasks such as making unoccupied beds, supervising patient ambulation, assisting with hygiene, and feeding meals can be delegated. But if the patient is morbidly obese, recovering from surgery, or frail, work closely with the UAP or perform the care yourself.
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Benefits of exercise: cardiovascular system Increased efficiency of the heart Decreased heart rate and blood pressure Increased blood flow to all body parts Improved venous return Increased circulating fibrinolysin (substance that breaks up small clots) Benefits of exercise: the respiratory system Improved alveolar ventilation Decreased work of breathing Improved diaphragmatic excursion Benefits of exercise gastrointestinal system appetite is increased. increased intestinal tone. weight control
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Nursing assessment of patients with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. A consensus definition of sarcopenia is needed to promote the standardized diagnosis and management of sarcopenic obesity. Furthermore, in addition to reducing body fat, increasing muscle mass and strength is required to promote healthy aging. What are Erickson's stages in the middle and adult years? industry versus inferiority During middle childhood between the ages of about six and eleven, children enter the psychosocial stage known as industry versus inferiority. 1 As children engage in social interaction with friends and academic activities at school, they begin to develop a sense of pride and accomplishment in their work and abilities. Cognitive changes in the older adult: Dementia As in previous studies, our results showed that older adults were more aware of forgetfulness than their family members at the early stage of cognitive decline. When the stage of cognitive decline progresses, older adults are likely to experience low motivation, be concerned about health, and have fluctuating mood. Cognitive changes in the older adult: delirium
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Older adults do not care how they look and are lonely. Bladder problems are a problem of aging. Older adults do not deserve aggressive treatment for illnesses. Stages of infection Incubation period Prodromal stage Full stage of illness Convalescent period Nursing assessment of patients in each stage of an infection The five periods of disease (sometimes referred to as stages or phases) include the incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, and convalescence periods (Figure 2). The incubation period occurs in an acute disease after the initial entry of the pathogen into the host (patient). Components of the Infection Cycle Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry and susceptible host.
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Types of precautions: Standard Hand hygiene. Use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, masks, eyewear). Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette. Sharps safety (engineering and work practice controls). Safe injection practices (i.e., aseptic technique for parenteral medications). Sterile instruments and devices. Types of precautions: transmission based precautions There are three categories of Transmission-Based Precautions: Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions, and Airborne Precautions. pulse amplitude scale 0= absent 1+= weak 2+= normal 3+= Increased 4+= bounding
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Blood pressure. Respiratory rate. Vital signs can be influenced by a number of factors. It can vary based on age, time, gender, medication, or a result of the environment. Types of heat loss radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation Lung sounds (normal) Normal findings on auscultation include: Loud, high-pitched bronchial breath sounds over the trachea. Medium pitched bronchovesicular sounds over the mainstream bronchi, between the scapulae, and below the clavicles. Soft, breezy, low-pitched vesicular breath sounds over most of the peripheral lung fields. Lung Sounds: adventitious Adventitious sounds refer to sounds that are heard in addition to the expected breath sounds mentioned above. The most commonly heard adventitious sounds include crackles, rhonchi, and wheezes. Stridor and rubs will also be discussed here.
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Lung sounds: characteristics Normal findings on auscultation include: Loud, high-pitched bronchial breath sounds over the trachea. Medium pitched bronchovesicular sounds over the mainstream bronchi, between the scapulae, and below the clavicles. Soft, breezy, low-pitched vesicular breath sounds over most of the peripheral lung fields. normal spinal curvatures cervical - lordotic thoracic - kyphotic lumbar - lordotic sacral & coccygeal - kyphotic abnormal spinal curvatures scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis Measurement of the Glasgow Coma Scale
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING The physical assessment includes an audioscope, examination light, laryngeal mirror, nasal speculum, otoscope, ophthalmoscope, penlight, percussion hammer, sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, thermometer, and tuning fork. Nursing assessment of the 5 areas of the heart The aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid, and mitral valves are four of the five points of auscultation. The fifth is Erb's point, located left of the sternal border in the third intercostal space. The aortic point is located right of the sternal border in the second intercostal space. Manifestations of child maltreatment: Physical Physical clues (most common manifestations of abuse are found from skin, bone, or CNS): poor hygiene. dressed inappropriately for weather. failure to thrive, poor weight gain, malnutrition. lack of care of medical needs; wound care, medication. see fractures. dislocations. see bruising. defensive injuries on forearms.
NUR 112: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF NURSING Manifestations of child maltreatment: sexual A child who is being sexually abused may care for their abuser and worry about getting them into trouble. Here are some of the signs you may notice: Changes in behaviour - a child may start being aggressive, withdrawn, clingy, have difficulties sleeping, have regular nightmares or start wetting the bed. Manifestations of child maltreatment: emotional Delayed or inappropriate emotional development. Loss of self-confidence or self-esteem. Social withdrawal or a loss of interest or enthusiasm. Depression. Avoidance of certain situations, such as refusing to go to school or ride the bus. Desperately seeks affection. Manifestations of child maltreatment: neglect Poor growth or weight gain or being overweight. Poor hygiene. Lack of clothing or supplies to meet physical needs.
