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Nur 151 Final Exam QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Abbreviations for eye, ear, etc. - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ -OD (right eye) -OS (left eye) -OU (both eyes) -TM (tympanic membrane) -AC (air conduction) -BC (bone conduction) -OM (Otis media, middle ear infection) Cranial Lymph nodes - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ -Use gentle pressure, palpate with both hands to compare two sides symmetrically -Normal lymph nodes feel moveable, discrete, soft, and non tender. -Supraclavicular just above and behind the clavicle -Preauricular are in front of the ear -Postauricular are directly behind the ear and -Occipital are at the base of the skull
-Submental are midline behind the tip of the mandible -Submandibular halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible -Tonsillar are under the angle of the mandible -Superficial cervical are overlying the sternomastoid muscle -Deep cervical are deep under the sternomastoid muscle -Posterior cervical are in the posterior triangle along the edge of the trapezius muscle Right lymphatic duct - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ empties into the right subclavian vein. Drains the right side of the head and neck, right arm, right side of the thorax, right lung and pleura, right side of the heart, and right upper section of the liver. thoracic lymphatic duct - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ drains the rest of the body. It empties into the left subclavian vein. Axillary lymph nodes - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - drain the breast and upper arm. -Central axillary nodes are high up in the middle of the axilla,
-Inspect and palpate the nails, note the shape and contour (i.e. profile sign normal is 160, curved is 160 or less, early clubbing is 180), consistency, color, capillary refill How to inspect the head - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - note the shape of the head -facial features -lips -scalp and hair -neck, shoulders, trachea and substernal notch How to inspect the neck - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - Inspect and palpate the neck, note the symmetry, ROM, lymph nodes, trachea, thyroid gland, auscultate the thyroid for a presence of a bruit. How to inspect the ears - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - Inspect and palpate the external ear, (auricle, tragus, and lobule) note the size and shape, skin condition, tenderness, the external auditory meatus. -Inspect with the otoscope (hold otoscope upside down) inspect the external canal, the tympanic membrane for color,
characteristics, integrity of the membrane -Test hearing acuity, do the whisper test, tuning fork tests -Perform the Romberg test to assess the ability of the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear to help maintain standing balance. How to inspect the nose - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - Inspect and palpate the nose, test the patency of the nostrils by pushing each nasal wing shut with your finger while asking the person to sniff inward through the other naris. -Examine the nasal cavity with the wide-tipped speculum to the otoscope head, and insert this combined apparatus into the nasal vestibule (note mucous membranes and if there is signs of deviated septum) -Palpate the sinus areas, please thumbs on the frontal sinus firmly up and under the eyebrows next the maxillary sinuses below the cheekbones How to inspect the mouth - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - Inspect the lips for color, moisture, cracking, or lesions using a tongue blade. -Check the condition of the teeth and gums, look for abnormal biting, pocketing, bleeding of gums with slight pressure, loose
conjunctiva and scleara, eversion of the upper lid, lacrimal apparatus -Inspect the anterior eyeball structures, cornea and lens, iris and pupil -Inspect the ocular fundus (internal surface of the retina) using the ophthalmoscope, darken the room and have the patient focus on an object across the room, begin 10 in away at 15 degrees lateral to persons sight of vision as you advance toward the patient note any opacities in the media, observe the color, shape, margins, and cup-disc ratio, check the retinal vessels, the general background of the fundus, and the macula -Test EOMs How to test the neurological function - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ -Test the cranial nerves -Inspect and palpate the motor system for size, strength, tone, and involuntary movements -Test cerebellar function with coordination and skilled movements (i.e finger to nose test or tap each finger to thumb test, balance with Romberg test (ask the patient to stand with feet together and arms at the sides and to close their eyes and maintain position), stand on one leg at a time
-Assess the sensory system:
- spinothalamic tract (pain: tested by using tongue blade split length wise ask patient to identify the sharp or dull touch, light touch by applying a wisp of cotton to the skin)
- The posterior column tract is testing vibrations on the foot with tuning fork
- stereognosis the test that tests the persons ability to recognize failure objects in hand
- graphesthesia in the ability to read a number by having it traced on the palm of the hand without looking
- extinction- simultaneously touch both sides of the body at the same point and ask the person how many sensations were felt -test reflexes How to test the muskuloskeletal system - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ -Inspect the size, contour, color, swelling, masses or deformities -Palpate each joint including skin for temp, its muscles, bony articulations, and area of joint capsule, note any heat, tenderness, or swelling -Check active or voluntary ROM and passive ROM -test for strength of each muscle group
-Check ROM of the knee by standing and asking to flex at the knee and then extend then hyperextend. Mcmurray test for meniscal tears -Inspect the ankle and foot, palpate the joints, test ROM for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, eversion and inversion How to inspect the breast - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - Inspect the general appearance, skin, and lymphatic drainage areas, the nipple, maneuvers to screen for retraction -Inspect and palpate the axillae -Palpate the breasts for masses or bump How to inspect male genitals - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ -Inspect and palpate the penis -Inspect and palpate the scrotum for any masses or nodules -Inspect and palpate for inguinal hernias -Palpate inguinal lymph nodes How to assess anus, rectum, and prostate - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ -Inspect the perianal area -Palpate the anus and the rectum, prostate gland for size, shape, surface, consistency, mobility, sensitivity
-Examine the stool for consistency and color How to inspect female genitals - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ -Inspection for color, hair, labia minor and majora -Palpate and gently milk the urethra by applying pressure up and out -Speculum examination should show cervix and vaginal walls. Name all the cranial nerves and if they are motor, sensory, or both - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ I. Olfactory - sensory - smell II. Optic - Sensory - vision III. Oculomotor- Motor - EOM movement, opening eyelids, pupil constriction, lens shape IV. Trochlear - motor - down and inward movement of eye V. Trigeminal - both- muscles of mastication, sensation of face and scalp, cornea, mucous membranes of mouth and nose VI. Abducens- motor- lateral movement of the eye VII. Facial- both - facial muscles, close eye, labial speech, close mouth, taste(sweet, salty, sour, bitter) on anterior two thirds of tongue, saliva and tear secretion VIII. Acoustic or vestibulocochlear - sensory - hearing and
4 (trochlear) 6 (abducens) Where is the cervical vertebral prominence located
- ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ C The prostate makes what kind of fluid - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ a milky alkaline fluid that allows sperm to swim better supine - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ lying on the back face up dorsal recumbent - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ lying on back with legs bent and feet flat Sims position - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ lying on left side with right knee drawn up and with left arm drawn behind, parallel to the back prone position - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ lying face down on stomach
knee-chest position - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ patient is lying face down with the hips bent so that the knees and chest rest on the table lithotomy position - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ lying on back with legs raised and feet in stirrups define genogram - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ A graphic family tree that uses symbols to depict the gender, relationship, and age of immediate blood relatives in at least three generations such as parents, grandparents, and siblings. symptoms of PAD - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ painful cramping in one or both of the lower extremities, leg numbness or weakness, coldness in the affected limb, sores or ulcers on toes, feet, or legs that will not heal, loss of hair, palor skin, diminished or absent pulses, intermittent claudication. symptoms of PVD - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ pain in the buttocks, aching and cramping in affected extremity, skin is thick and tough, skin color is reddish blue, rusty or brownish
fluid in the retroorbital tissues. hordeolum - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid ptosis - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ drooping of the upper eyelid colostrom - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ Thick, yellow fluid is the precursor for milk, containing the same amount of protein and lactose but partially no fat. gynecomastia - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ Benign enlargement of male breast that occurs when estrogen concentration exceeds testosterone levels. montgomery glands - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ small elevated sebaceous glands in the areola. They secrete a protective lipid material during lactation. pagets disease - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ Early lesion has unilateral, clear, yellow discharge and dry, scaling crusts,
friable at nipple apex. Spreads outward to areola with erythematous halo on areola and crusted, eczematous, retracted nipple. risk factors for testicular cancer - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - cryptochoridism (one test not descended)
- gonadal dysgenesis (congenital dev. disorder)
- Klinefelters (A genetic condition in which a male is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome)
- Trauma
- Orchitis (acute inflammation of testis)
- testicular microlithiasis (small clusters of calcium form in the testicles) -Family history of testicular cancer -HIV infection -Carcinoma in situ of the testicle -Having had testicular cancer before -Being of a certain race/ethnicity -Body size Biceps reflex (C5 to C6) - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ Support the person's forearm on yours; place your thumb
** โโ Position the person with the knee flexed and the hip externally rotated. Hold the foot in dorsiflexion and strike the achilles tendon directly. Feel the normal response as the foot plantar flexes against your hand Wound Drainage: Serous - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ clear, watery plasma Wound Drainage: Purulent - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ thick, yellow, green, tan, or brown Wound drainage: Serosanguinous - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ thin and watery, and it's pink in color (it can also be a darker red) Wound drainage: Sanguinous - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ fresh blood that is prevalent among deep wounds of full and partial thickness Risk factors for BC >4.0 - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ Age 65+ until 80
Biopsy confirmed atypical dysplasia Certain inherited genetic mutations (BRCA1 and BRCA2) Lobular carcinoma in situ Mammographically dense breasts Personal history of early onset (<40 years) breast cancer Two or more first degree relatives diagnosed with breast cancer at early age Risk factors for BC 2.1-4.0 - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ Personal history of breast cancer (40+) High endogenous estrogen or testosterone levels (postmenopausal) High dose radiation to chest One first degree relatives diagnosed with breast cancer Risk factors for BC 1.1-2.0 - ...,. ๐น VERIFIED ANSWER ** โโ - Alcohol consumption -Ashkenazi Jewish heritage -Diethylstilbestrol exposure -Early menarche (<12) -Height - tall -High socioeconomic status
