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A comprehensive overview of key nursing concepts and ethical considerations. It covers topics such as loss and grief, spirituality in healthcare, ethical frameworks, legal considerations, and research methodologies. Definitions, explanations, and examples to enhance understanding. It is particularly useful for students preparing for an exam on these topics.
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hope dynamic process that reflects a positive orientation toward future outcomes love strong affection for another spirituality a journey that takes place over time and involves the accumulation of life experiences and understanding; an attempt to find meaning, value, and purpose in life; personal subjective experiences that take place over time; fulfilling and joyful; painful life events religion
the "map" that tells you what to believe and value; code of conduct that integrates beliefs and values into a way of living; religious traditions and denomination provides a lens to look at the world; rituals, symbols, sacraments, and holy writings are associated with religion and provide diverse ways to go beyond the physical and access the divine. FICA Faith/beliefs, Importance and influence, Community, Address actual loss death of a loved one, relationship ending, theft, deterioration, natural disaster, and can be identified by others perceived loss woman diagnosed with STD may perceive herself as loss of purity, can only be seen by the one experiencing it physical loss injured, removal of an organ, loss of a body function
grief internal process a person works through due to a loss (each person will express it differently) loss actual or potential situation in which someone or something is no longer present or available to a person Bereavement form of depression accompanied by anxiety in response to loss of a loved one mourning actions and expressions of bereavement including rituals, symbols, actions normal grieving Natural response to a loss of a person or object; bereaved person may experience a range of feelings, behaviors, and emotions are intense, but decrease over time
dysfunctional grieving Maladaptive, dysfunctional, and usually prolonged or overwhelming, may become suicidal workaholic, socially isolated, or demonstrate addictive behaviors chronic dysfunctional grieving begins as normal, but continues as long term with little resolution of feelings and inability to join a normal life masked dysfunctional grieving person is grieving, but expressing the grief through other types of behaviors, for example, a man whose wife died may begin drinking heavily or a couple who lost a child begin arguing constantly delayed dysfunctional grieving putting it off for now "i will deal with it later" disenfranchised grieving You have a connect with the loss that is not socially supported or acknowledged by the usual rites of ceremonies
faith evolving patterns of believing that guides and grounds us, helps us make sense of the world, and confront the challenges we face One to three months before death client begins to withdraw, sleep increases, difficult to digest foods, liquid is preferred One to two weeks before death reduced BP, changes in pulse, skin color, pallor, RR may increase or decrease, apnea with sleep, congestion, and a rattling cough Days to hours before death surge of energy, mental clarity, desire to eat, talk with family members, difficulty swallowing, decreased blood volume/dehydrated, gag reflex declines secretions accumulate, mucous membranes dry and tacky, lips cracked Respirations days/hours before death are shallow, rapid, irregular, congestion or rattling, Cheyne stokes respirations (10-60 sec apnea)
Peripheral circulation days/hours before death decreases, increased perspiration, feels clammy, extremities mottled and cool, BP decreases, pulse hard to find Elimination days/hours before death peristalsis slows, feces retained, urine output de creased and is concentrated, incontinence occurs Muscles days/hours before death throughout the body relax, causes face to droop Vision days/hours before death blurs, eyes may be open or closed, seeing things that are not visible to others Cognition days/hours before death restless and aggitated
ethics committee committee made up of individuals who are involved in a patient's care, including health care practitioners, family members, clergy, and others, with the purpose of reviewing ethical issues in difficult cases models ethics committees use autonomy mode, patient benefit model, and social justice model modeling children learn from role models through observation moralizing authorization approach, unable to make independent decisions laissez-faire explore set of values with little guidance
responsible choice a balance of freedom and restriction - explore new behaviors HIPAA a federal law protecting the privacy of patient-specific health care information and providing the patient with control over how this information is used and distributed. EMTALA a federal law that requires anyone coming to an emergency department to be stabilized and treated, regardless of their insurance status, ability to pay PSDA legislation that ensures that patients understood their right to participate in decisions about their own healthcare and options living will A document that indicates what medical intervention an individual wants if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes. ADA
ANA code of ethics Standards of professional responsibility of nurses and provides insight to ethical and acceptable behavior and nurses obligations for safe, compassionate, nondiscriminatory, and quality care ANA bill of rights nurses have the right to freely and openly advocate for themselves and their patients without fear of retribution ANA standards of practice
intentional torts Action taken by one person with the intention of harming another person assumptions ideas that we take for granted phenomena aspects of reality that you can observe concepts mental image definitions statement of meaning Theoretical definition
phases of the research process Select and define the problem Select a research design Collect data Analyze data Use research findings Identify a clinical nursing problem be alert and interested, how do you think the tympanic thermometer came into being, is there a better way to do this? Experience notice interventions that are not working or can be improved upon Social issues such as issues with gender equality or domestic violence Theories
evidence to support the theory Nursing literature an article may stimulate the desire to learn more Operational definition specifies what you observe - pain is the patients verbal statement that he is in pain
