Download NUR 210 Exam 2 | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
NUR 210 Exam 2 | 100% Correct Answers |
Verified | Latest 2024 Version
(ANS, Immunity & Wound Healing, Fluid & Electrolytes, and Lab Stuff) What are the two systems of the ANS? - ✔✔sympathetic and parasympathetic What response does the Sympathetic Nervous System stimulate? - ✔✔Fight or Flight response What response does the Parasympathetic Nervous System stimulate? - ✔✔Rest and Digest Andregenic Agents can also be known as _____________. - ✔✔symapthomometics The Beta 1 receptor controls what body system? - ✔✔Cardiac (heart) What response in the heart is caused by stimulation of the Beta 1 receptor? - ✔✔Makes it beat faster and stronger The Beta 2 receptor controls what body system? - ✔✔respiratory (lungs) What response in the lungs is caused by stimulation of the Beta 2 receptor? - ✔✔bronchodilation Which ANS affecting medication deals with the Sympathetic nervous system? - ✔✔Adrenergic Agents What responses are caused by the stimulation of the Alpha Receptors? - ✔✔vasodilation (perpheral vascular), pupilary dilation Nervousness, insomnia, fine muscle tremors, palpitation, tachycardia, and hypertension are all side effects of what agent? - ✔✔Adrenergic Agents
What kind of medicine increases the effects of the Parasympathetic Nervous System? - ✔✔Cholinergic Agents What affect do Andrenergic Agents in the cardiac system? - ✔✔Tachycardia What affect do Andrenergic Agents cause in the respiratory system? - ✔✔Bronchodilation What affect do Adrenergic Agents cause in the peripheral vascular system? - ✔✔vasoconstriction (causes increased BP) What affect do Adrenergic Agents have on the eyes? - ✔✔pupillary dilation What are side effects? - ✔✔Too much of a good thing What is another name for Cholinergic Agents? - ✔✔Muscarinic Agonists What affect do Cholinergic Agents have on the heart? - ✔✔slows the heart rate What affect do Cholinergic Agents have on the colon? - ✔✔Stimulates peristalis (relaxes) What affect do Cholinergic Agents have on the bladder? - ✔✔increases bladder tone (helps urination) What affect do Cholinergic Agents on the eyes? - ✔✔pupillary constriction, decreased intraocular pressure Diarrhea, frequent urination, and blurred distance vision are all side effects of which agent? - ✔✔Cholinergic Agents What medicine blocks the Parasympathetic Nervous System and doesn't stimulate the Sympathetic Nervous System? (aka a Cholinergic Blocker) - ✔✔Anticholinergic Agents
What WBC type is present with an allergic reaction? - ✔✔eosinophils What WBC type appears during the healing process? - ✔✔basophils What WBC type appears late in the inflammatory process and with chronic inflammation? - ✔✔lymphocytes What WBC is known for digesting things? - ✔✔monocytes The nurse recieves paper charting that claims there was a "shift to the left" in the Complete Blood Count (CBC) w/ WBC differetial. The nurse knows this means: - ✔✔There has been an increase in neutrophils indicating an infection What is the purpose of bone marrow producing bands? - ✔✔Bands of WBCs are produced to create as many WBCs as possible to fight the infection The nurse notes redness, warmth, edema, and pain around a cut. The nurse knows this is an example of a ________ reaction. - ✔✔local reaction A reaction throughout an entire body system is known as a ___________. - ✔✔systemic reaction Leukocytosis (increased WBCs), fatigue, fever, enlarged lymphnodes, and confusion in elderly patients are all symptoms of a __________________________. - ✔✔systemic reaction A healthy (non-immunocompromised) individual presents symptoms of an infection following a procedure. The nurse knows most noscocomial infections in health individuals come from _____________. - ✔✔invasive procedures How can a health care asccoicated infection be transmitted through an antibiotic? - ✔✔incorrect or inappropriate administration
A nursing student knows both _______ and ____________ populations can be compromised hosts due to age. - ✔✔newborn and elderly T/F: Nutritional deficiencies can lead to higher susceptiblilty of infection. - ✔✔True T/F: A healthcare providers failure to adhere to infection and prevetion control activities (PPE, infection control guidelines, etc.) can lead to patient infection. - ✔✔True T/F: An individuals exposure to the healthcare system doesn't make them a compromised host. - ✔✔False T/F: A patient who has chronic coexisting medical conditions is a compromised host. - ✔✔True T/F: Physiological Stress isn't a factor that leads to an individual becoming a compromised host. - ✔✔False Antibotics that kill only a few bugs are known as a ____________ antibiotic. - ✔✔narrow spectrum The antibiotic that kills everything, including normal body flora, is known as a _______________ antibiotic. - ✔✔broad spectrum The nurse knows a patient will need antibiotics but doesn't have the results from the culture yet. The nurse knows they should begin the patient on _________ spectrum antibiotics and then move to __________ spectrum when the results come back. - ✔✔Broad, Narrow A ________________ antibiotic kills bacteria by breaking open the cell wall of germs. - ✔✔baceriocidal A ___________ antibiotic limits the growth of bacteria so the body processes can eliminate them. - ✔✔bacteriostatic The nurse is giving antibiotics for gram-negative bugs. The nurse knows that killing gram-negative bugs is ______ than gram-positive due to an extra layer on the gram-negative cell wall. - ✔✔harder
An accelerated penicillin allergic reaction happens in __________. - ✔✔ 1 - 72 hours A late penicillin allergic reaction happens in _________. - ✔✔days or weeks A patient is having an allergic reaction R/T penicillin. The nurses first action should be: - ✔✔stop administration To decrease swelling after an allergic reaction to penicillin the nurse should give: - ✔✔epinephrine and antihistamines T/F: If penicllin is the best treatment for the bug, a physician could order benadryl to take with the penicillin to stop the allergic reaction. - ✔✔True A nursing student is identifying Cephalsporins, the student knows that all forms begin with the prefix _________. - ✔✔Cef- There are ______ generations of Cephalsporins. - ✔✔ 4 The nurse knows that cephalsporins can penetrate the extra layer on a gram-negative bug, making them ____________. - ✔✔bactericidal Allergic reactions, bleeding, thrombophelbitis are all ADRs of which antibiotic? - ✔✔Cephalosporins The first generation cephalosporins combat gram-__________ bacteria, and are _________ spectrum. - ✔✔postive, broad Second genertion cephalosprins combat gram-_________ and some gram-______________ bacteria. They are _____________ spectrum. - ✔✔positive, negative, broad Cephalosporins can penetrate ___________ an extra envelope on gram-negative bacteria. - ✔✔beta- lactamase
Third generation cephalosporins combat gram-___________ and some gram-_____________ bacteria. They are _________ spectrum. - ✔✔negative, positive, broad Fourth generation cephalosporins combat gram-___________ bacteria and are _____________ spectrum. - ✔✔negative, broad T/F: Third generation cephalosporins can enter the cerebrospinal fluid. - ✔✔True T/F: Fourth generation cephalosporins cannot enter the cerebrospinal fluid. - ✔✔False T/F: Cephalosporins are similar in structure to penicillins. - ✔✔True A patient has been prescribed tetracyclines, the nurse knows these are ___________ spectrum. - ✔✔broad T/F: Tetracyclines deal only with gram-negative bacteria. - ✔✔False (gram-positive AND gram-negative) The nurse is caring for a client with the following vital signs: temp 101.4F, pulse 105, pulse ox 99%, respiration rate 20, blood pressure 125/71. The nurse would suspect which of the following labs to be elevated?
- Red Blood Cells
- White Blood Cells
- Platelets
- Complete Blood Count - ✔✔White Blood Cells (increased when infection is present) The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving penicillin. For which of the following side effects should the nurse monitor? Select all that apply.
- A decrease in WBCs and Platelets
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Renal Failure
What population are tetracyclines contraindicated in? - ✔✔pregnant women, nursing women, and children under 8 years (remember the acronym PNC) Tetracylines can ___________ childrens permenant teeth. - ✔✔discolor Tetracyclines can _________ women's bones. - ✔✔weaken A patient taking tetracyclines also wears contact lenses. The patient tells the nurse that they are experiencing unusual colored vision. The nurse knows this is because tetracyclines: - ✔✔stain contact lenses A nursing student is identifying different types of tetracyclines. The student knows they can identify these by the suffix ____________. - ✔✔-cyclines A nursing student is identifying macrolides. They know all macrolides end in the suffix ______________.
- ✔✔-thromycin Macrolides stop the growth of bugs so they can be killed by body processes. Therefore the nurse knows macrolides are _____________ - ✔✔bacteriostatic Macrolides are a ___________ spectrum antibiotic. - ✔✔broad T/F: Macrolides are often used on patients who are allergic to penicillins (or cephalosporins) - ✔✔True T/F: Penicillins cannot cross the Blood Brain Barrier - ✔✔false Erythromycin is the poster child of which antibiotic? - ✔✔macrolides A patient with liver injury is prescribed Macrolides. The nurse should call the physician because they know macrolides can cause _____________ in patients with liver injuries. - ✔✔kidney failure T/F: gastrointestinal issues are an ADR of macrolides. - ✔✔True
A client comes to the office because of side effects of their prescription for tetracycline. The nurse would expect to see which of the following on assessment?
- Additional teeth
- Tooth loss
- Discoloration of permanent teeth
- Gingivitis - ✔✔discoloration of permenant teeth A nurse is giving a client education on tetracycline use and asks about other medications that the client takes. The nurse would be concerned by which of the following other medications being used with tetracyclines? Select all that apply.
- iron
- probiotics
- antacids
- tylenol
- anticogulants - ✔✔iron, antacids, anticoagulants A client is being prescribed a tetracycline and asks the nurse about names of tetracycline medications. The nurse knows that which of the following medications is NOT a tetracycline?
- Demeclocycline
- Doxycycline
- Minocycline
- Oxytacyclone - ✔✔Oxytacyclone Peak and trough are used to monitor ___________ levels in the body. - ✔✔blood Peak should be drawn ____________ medication administration. - ✔✔30 minutes after
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Fever
- Heart burn - ✔✔nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity Sulfonamides always begins with the prefix _______________. - ✔✔sulf- Hypersensitivity, blood dyscrasias, and rash are all ADRs of which antibiotic? - ✔✔Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim Sulfonamides and trimethoprim treat _____________ caused by E. coli and community acquired ____________. - ✔✔UTIs, MRSA (CA-MRSA) A patient is receiving a sulfonamide for treatment of a UTI. The nurse knows this is a ____________ spectrum antibiotic. - ✔✔broad Because they suppress bacterial growth, sulfonamides and trimethoprim are considered ______________ antibiotics. - ✔✔bacteriostatic What do sulfonamides and trimethoprim inhibit? - ✔✔folic acid The nurse is administering antibiotics to a patient. The order states that the antibiotic should be given TID. The nurse knows that it is important to administer an antibiotic at regular intervals to ensure even distribution. This being said, the nurse should give it q ____ h. (this is allegedly a test question per Rayman) - ✔✔ 8 Water moves from compartment to compartment ___________________ than electrolytes. - ✔✔differently What percent of the body is water? - ✔✔ 50 - 80% 1 liter of fluid = ________ lbs - ✔✔2.
2.2 lbs = _________ L of fluid - ✔✔ 1 T/F: the percentage of water in the body is age dependent. - ✔✔True T/F: Fat holds more water than muscle. - ✔✔False T/F: Men hold more water than women. - ✔✔True Why do men lose weight faster than women? - ✔✔Men have more muscle than women A nursing student is reading the chart for a balanced intake and output. The perfect total in mL of intakes and outputs is: - ✔✔ 2500 A nursing student is measuring a patients outputs, the student knows proper kidney function is ____ mL per 1 kg per hour. - ✔✔ 1 Intracellular fluid is ___________ of body fluid. - ✔✔75% Extracellular Fluid is ___________ body fluid. - ✔✔25% Of the extracellular fluid _______% is intravascular. - ✔✔ 5 Of the extracellular fluid _______% is in the interstitial space (third space). - ✔✔ 20 The nurse needs to obtain a fluid status on a patient. The nurse knows the only way to get this is through what? - ✔✔Blood Volume Which part of the brain is responsible for thirst? - ✔✔hypothalamus
______________ is the hormone that causes sodium conservation, therefore making the body conserve water. - ✔✔aldosterone ACE stands for what? - ✔✔angiotensin-converting enzyme Aldosterone does which of the following?
- Is stimulated as the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells response to decreased blood pressure/volume
- stimulates the renin angiotensin feedback loop
- conserves sodium which then causes water conservation
- all of the above - ✔✔all of the above The nurse has a patient who has lost a large amount of water. The nurse knows this patients renal perfusion will ___________ because of this - ✔✔decrease The nurse has a patient who has lost a large amount of water. The nurse knows this patients renal blood pressure will _______________ because of this. - ✔✔decrease The nurse has a patient who has lost a large amount of water. The nurse knows the patients glomerular filtration rate will____________ because of this. - ✔✔decrease A patient who presents with low fluid intake will have a(n) _________________ in ADH secretion. - ✔✔increase A patient's urine output will _____________ as a result of extreme fluid loss. - ✔✔decrease A patients aldosterone level will _________________ as result of extreme fluid loss. - ✔✔decrease When experiencing significant fluid loss a patients blood pressure will first ____________. After this the patients blood pressure will _________________. - ✔✔decrease, increase The best way to assess fluid balance and maintain it is by collecting ____________. - ✔✔daily weights
1 kg of weight = ________ L of fluid - ✔✔ 2 1 lb = ________ mL of fluid - ✔✔ 500 IV fluids, drips, drinks, and irrigation fluid are all examples of what? - ✔✔intake Urine, vomit, NG suction, diarrhea, and sweat are all examples of what? - ✔✔output The normal range of BUN is _______ mg/dl - ✔✔ 8 - 20 The normal range of creatinine is ___________ mg/dl - ✔✔0.6-1. The percentage of actual blood cells in the blood stream is the __________ level. - ✔✔hematocrit The more solutes present in the blood the _____________ the hematocrit level is. - ✔✔higher Fluid Volume Deficit is also known as __________. - ✔✔dehydration Decreased fluid volume is known as ______________. - ✔✔hypovolemia What two groups are most susceptible to dehydration? - ✔✔infants and elderly Loss of GI fluid, fever, increased respiratory rate, and diuretics are all factors that contribute to ____________. - ✔✔increased loss of fluid (leads to a fluid volume deficit) How much fluid is in your GI tract? - ✔✔ 6 - 8 L T/F: decreased intake from factors such as nausea, anorexia, inability to swallow, and confusion can contribute to a Fluid Volume Deficit. - ✔✔True
A nursing student is looking at a care plan for a patient with insufficient albumin levels. The student knows this will cause fluid to do what? - ✔✔leak into the interstitial (third) space A balance of fluid and electrolytes between the vascular space and the cells is ____________. - ✔✔isotonic When there is more water than solutes present in the vascular space it is considered ______________. - ✔✔hypotonic An isotonic saline solution is ________%. - ✔✔0. The patient has a hypotonic concentration in the vascular space, the nurse should give a ___________% saline. - ✔✔0. When there is high solutes in the vascular space this is considered _______________. - ✔✔hypertonic The patient has a hypertonic concentration in the vascular space. The nurse knows they should give a ______% saline to balance this out. - ✔✔ 3 Potassium lives where in the body? - ✔✔cells Since we can't check cell levels we must check ___________ levels for potassium concentration. - ✔✔blood Potassium is a major intracellular ______________. - ✔✔cation For potassium, the range of normal intravascular concentration is _________ mEq. - ✔✔3.5- 5 If you don't have potassium, _________ can't be moved into the cells. - ✔✔solutes Potassium excess is known as ___________. - ✔✔hyperkalemia
IV replacement therapy, multiple blood transfusions, and taking a potassium supplement without a need for it can cause _________ intake of potassium. This contributes to hyperkalemia. - ✔✔excess T/F: Decreased loss of potassium is caused by potassium-sparing diuretics and renal failure. Due to this, hyperkalemia can occur. - ✔✔True In the gastrointestinal system, _________,____________, __________ and ___________ are symptoms of hyperkalemia. - ✔✔nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactive bowel sounds In the CNS ____________ and _________ are signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia. This is often described as a feeling of "pins and needles". - ✔✔numbness, paraesthesia _____________ makes muscles contract. In addition the muscles are irritable and produce hyperactive reflexes during this condition. - ✔✔hyperkalemia In the cardiac system ______________ causes ventricular fibrillation, which causes extreme muscle contraction therefore cardiac arrest. - ✔✔hyperkalemia _________ is a symptom of hyperkalemia as it relates to the kidneys. - ✔✔oliguria T/F: Monitoring blood levels and signs and symptoms is not a nursing intervention for hyperkalemia. - ✔✔False (it is) A nursing intervention for decreased kidney function due to hyperkalemia is insulin & dextrose infusion. While this doesn't fix the problem, it hides potassium ___________ to prevent it from affecting the heart. - ✔✔inside the cells The nurse gives an Ion Exchange Resin Enema. The nurse knows this will cause what to happen to potassium? - ✔✔gets sucked into stool for excretion T/F: dialysis cannot be used as an intervention for hyperkalemia. - ✔✔False Hypokalemia means what? - ✔✔potassium deficiency
