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NUR 2407 Pharmacology Quiz 2 / NUR
Pharmacology Quiz 2(NEWEST 2020): Rasmussen
College (ANSWERS VERIFIED 100% CORRECT)
What cannot be crushed - answers - :XR, LR, ER, capsules, gels
How would you describe a sympathomimetic to a patient? - answers - :A drug that
mimics the effects of the neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system, (epi and norepinephrine), the fight or flight reflexes
Adrenergic Agonist or sympathomimetics drugs - answers - :albuterol,
epinepherine, pseudoephedrine HCL
Adrenergic Antagonist drugs - answers - :-olols, atenolol, carvedilol, labetalol,
metoprolol
Cholinergic Agonists or Parasympathomimetic drug action - answers - :mimic the
effect of acetylcholine
Signs and symptoms you may see in patients receiving cholinergic drugs - answers
- :Rest and digest- bradycardia, hypotension, blood vessel dilation, increased bowel and bladder action
Cholinergic drug examples - answers - :bethanechol, metoclopramide, donepezil,
rivastigmine
What to monitor for in patient's taking a cholinergic? - answers - :nausea and
vomiting, cramps and diarrhea, blurred vision, assess for disorders that would be aggrivated by cholinergic drugs like Alzheimer's
What do anticholinergic drugs do? - answers - :interrupt parasympathetic nerve
impulses in the CNS and autonomic nervous system, block the muscarinic receptor sites
Use of anticholinergic drugs - answers - :treat spastic or hyperactive conditions of
the GI or urinary tracts, prevents drop in heart rate from vagal stimulation, treat sinus bradycardia
Anticholinergic drugs - answers - :-ine drugs, atropine, benztropine, dicyclomine,
scopolamine, tolterodine, and oxybutynin
What is benztropine mesylate used for? - answers - :adjunct therapy for
parkinsonism, control of extrapyramidal reactions
Contraindications for benztropine - answers - :patients less than 3 years old,
narrow-angle glaucoma, tardive dyskinesia
Side effects of benztropine - answers - :tachycardia, nervousness, dizziness,
psychosis
Antidote to phenobarbital - answers - :activated charcoal and gastric lavage
How do benzodiazepines work? - answers - :Depress the CNS by enhancing the
effects of GABA
Hydantoin dugs - answers - :phenytoin, fosphentoin
Teaching needed for hydantoin drugs - answers - :must be withdrawn slowly to
prevent status elepticus, is a teratogen so birth control must be used, causes gingival hyperplasia so use a soft toothbrush
Iminostibbene drug - answers - :carbamazepine
Valproate drug - answers - :Valproate, valproic acid
Contraindication for using valproate - answers - :hepatic dysfunction, urea cycle
disorders
Some miscellaneous anticonvulsant drugs - answers - :acetazolamide, gabapentin,
lamotrigine, topiramate, pregabilin
Categories of antiparkinsonism drugs - answers - :anticholinergics, dopaminergics,
domamine agonists
Anticholinergic drug for parkinsonism - answers - :benzotropine mesylate
Dopimenergic drugs - answers - :levodopa and carbidopa
Dopamine agonists - answers - :pramipexole, ropinirole
WHat medications can magnify parkinson's tremors? - answers - :antipsychotics,
OTC cold and cough medicine, diet pills
AChE inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease - answers - :denopezil, rivastigmine,
memantine
denopezil is a cholinergic medication, what effect do they have on the body -
answers - :Acronym SLUDGE- salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, GI
cramping, emesis
Routes of administration for rivastigmine - answers - :oral tabs, oral solutions,
transdermal patch
Drugs for muscle spasms - answers - :diazepam, methocarbamol, cyclobenzaprine
Patient education for cyclobenzaprine - answers - :should not be abruptly
discontinued taper slowly over one week, do not drive while taking muscle relaxants, avoid alcohol and CNS depressants
Routes of hydromorphone - answers - :IV, IM, Sub Q, oral, rectal
Routes of oxycodone and hydrocodone - answers - :oral
Indications for naloxone - answers - :opioid depression and overdose
Symptoms of serotonin syndrome - answers - :agitation, confusion, tachycardia,
hypertension, twitching or rigid muscle, diarrhea
Drugs that can cause serotonin syndrome - answers - :MAOIs, TCAs, SSRIs, SNRIs,
triptans, analgesics, lithium, OTC cold medications
What is psychotropic washout period - answers - :time given to eliminate a drug
from the systm before adding a new drug with similar effect. Used with MAOIs ( weeks)
What are extrapyramidal effects? - answers - :adverse reactions to psychotropic
medications caused by dopamine blockage. Mimics parkinsonism
Pharmacokinetics - answers - :WHat the body does to the drug; absorption,
distribution, metabolism, excretion
Pharmacodynamics - answers - :the effect the drug has on the body
Labs used to determine renal function - answers - :BUN, creatinine, GFR
Labs used to determine hepatic function - answers - :ALT and AST
First-Pass effect - answers - :the phenomenon where the concentration of a drug
is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation due to liver absorption
Half-Life - answers - :the time required for the quantity of an item to reach half of
its initial value
Tolerance - answers - :decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of
therapy
Blood-Brain barrier - answers - :highly selective semi-permiable membrance that
seperates circulating blood from the brain's extra-cellular fluid
How many schedules of controlled substances are there? - answers - :
Schedule 1 - answers - :high potential for abuse, no medically acceptable uses
Schedule 2 - answers - :high potential for abuse but has medically accepted uses:
opioids, stimulants
Pregnancy Category X - answers - :known to be harmful to mother and fetus,
contraindicated
Additive drug effect - answers - :1+1=2 the sum of the effects of the two drugs
Synergistic drug effect - answers - :1+1=3, sum is greater than individual drug
effects parts
Antagonistic drug effect - answers - :1+1=1, two or more drugs in combination
hamper or eliminate the effect of the other
Requirements for herbal supplements - answers - :1994 DSHEA act: herbal
supplements can be marketed with a suggested dosage; premarket testing for safety is not reuired; effects can be listed but no claim to treat or cure can be made
Aloe Vera - answers - :minor skin irritation, powerful laxitive
Chamomile - answers - :digestive and GI soothing, may cause bronchoconstriction
Garlic - answers - :lowers cholesterol, reduces clotting, antibiotic properties
Ginkgo - answers - :dementia and ED; dose 120-240/day in 3 doses, can cause
headache and GI disturbances
Licorice - answers - :ulcers, GI upset, increased BP, headache, water retention, 5-
15 mg/dose
St. John's Wort - answers - :for mild depression, 300 mg tid, do not take
concurrently with prescription antidepressant
5 Rights of Medication Administration - answers - :Dose, drug, patient, route, time
Nurse rights to medication administration - answers - :complete and clearly
written order; correct drug and dose dispensed; have access to information; policies on medication administration; administering medications safely and identifying problems in the system; to stop, think, and be vigilant
What drugs cause extrapyramidal effects? - answers - :antipsychotics, also some
antidepressants, lithium, anticonvulsants
TCA side effects - answers - :depression, orthostatic hypotension, anticholinergic
effects
signs of lithium toxicity - answers - :nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, changes in LOC
depakote and valproate nursing implications - answers - :Must be monitored for
their therapeutic range of 50 to 100 mcg/ml.
- Metabolize in the liver, periodic liver enzymes.
- May cause some sedation
