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NUR 2502 / NUR2502 MIDTERM Exam (Latest 202 4 /
2025 ) Multidimensional Care III / MDC 3 -
Rasmussen
- A nurse is caring for a client with heart failure who is receiving furosemide. Which laboratory value should the nurse monitor closely?
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Potassium
- Sodium
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause significant potassium
loss, leading to hypokalemia.
- A client with COPD is experiencing shortness of breath. What is the priority nursing action?
- Encourage fluid intake
- Administer oxygen as prescribed
- Provide a high-protein meal
- Place in supine position
Administering oxygen relieves hypoxia, the most immediate threat
to life.
- Which of the following foods should a client on a low-sodium diet avoid?
- Canned soup
- Fresh fruit
- Boiled chicken
- Steamed vegetables
Canned soup typically contains high sodium and should be avoided
on a low-sodium diet.
- A nurse is teaching a client about managing GERD. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
- "I will avoid peppermint and chocolate."
- "I will eat smaller meals more frequently."
- "I will elevate the head of my bed when sleeping."
- "I can have orange juice with breakfast."
Orange juice is acidic and can worsen GERD symptoms.
- A client with asthma presents with wheezing and shortness of breath. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- Encourage fluid intake
- Administer a short-acting beta agonist (albuterol)
- Perform chest physiotherapy
- Teach pursed-lip breathing
Short-acting beta agonists are first-line for acute asthma attacks.
- Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?
- Platelets
- INR
- Hemoglobin
- Electrolytes
INR is used to monitor the therapeutic effect of warfarin.
10.Which diet is most appropriate for a client with chronic kidney disease?
- High-protein, low-fat
- Low-protein, low-sodium
- High-calcium, high-phosphorus
- Low-fat, high-potassium
CKD patients require a low-protein, low-sodium diet to reduce
kidney workload.
11.A client with liver cirrhosis is at risk for which complication?
- Hyperglycemia
- Ascites
- Increased clotting
- Hyperkalemia
Liver dysfunction leads to fluid accumulation (ascites) in the
abdomen.
12.What is the expected finding in a client with right-sided heart failure?
- Peripheral edema
- Orthopnea
- Dyspnea on exertion
Right-sided HF leads to systemic venous congestion, causing
peripheral edema.
13.A nurse is assessing a client with peritonitis. Which symptom is expected?
- Abdominal rigidity
- Hyperactive bowel sounds
- Bradycardia
- Polyuria
Peritonitis causes inflammation of the peritoneum, resulting in a
board-like abdomen.
14.What is the purpose of lactulose in a client with cirrhosis?
- Improve appetite
- Reduce ammonia levels
- Lower blood pressure
- Treat constipation
Lactulose traps ammonia in the gut and helps reduce hepatic
encephalopathy.
15.Which finding is most concerning in a client with pancreatitis?
18.A client with pneumonia is having increased secretions. What action helps mobilize secretions?
- Increase protein intake
- Encourage ambulation
- Limit fluid intake
- Administer cough suppressant
Ambulation helps mobilize and clear lung secretions.
19.What is a common sign of left-sided heart failure?
- Dependent edema
- Pulmonary congestion
- Jugular vein distention
- Hepatomegaly
Left-sided failure causes blood to back up into the lungs.
20.A nurse is reviewing lab results. Which finding is associated with acute kidney injury?
- Hypercalcemia
- Elevated creatinine
- Decreased potassium
- Increased hemoglobin
Creatinine is a key marker of renal function and rises with AKI.
21.What is the most serious complication of atrial fibrillation?
- Chest pain
- Stroke
- Bradycardia
- Syncope
AFib increases the risk of clot formation leading to stroke.
22.Which medication is contraindicated in a client with a history of peptic ulcer?
- Acetaminophen
- Ibuprofen
- Amoxicillin
- Metoprolol
NSAIDs like ibuprofen can worsen or cause GI bleeding in peptic
ulcer patients.
23.Which action is appropriate for a patient with fluid volume overload?
- Encourage salt intake
- Administer diuretics as prescribed
- Place in Trendelenburg position
- Restrict ambulation
Diuretics promote fluid excretion to reduce overload.
24.A nurse is teaching about insulin administration. Which statement requires correction?
- Hypertension
- Muscle flaccidity
- Positive Chvostek’s sign
- Bradycardia
Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when tapping the facial nerve)
suggests hypocalcemia.
28.A nurse is monitoring a client for digoxin toxicity. Which symptom is most concerning?
- Headache
- Blurred vision with yellow halos
- Chest tightness
- Constipation
Yellow or green halos around lights are a hallmark of digoxin
toxicity.
29.What is a major risk with total parenteral nutrition (TPN)?
- Weight gain
- Infection
- Nausea
- Constipation
TPN requires central line access, increasing the risk for
bloodstream infections.
30.A client with diabetes is experiencing diaphoresis, confusion, and tremors. What is the priority action?
- Check temperature
- Administer 15g of carbohydrates
- Give insulin
- Encourage fluids
These are signs of hypoglycemia, and the nurse should act quickly
to raise blood glucose.
31.A nurse is caring for a client with ascites. Which intervention is appropriate?
- Increase fluid intake
- Measure abdominal girth daily
- Restrict protein
- Elevate lower extremities
Daily girth measurement monitors fluid accumulation and
treatment effectiveness.
32.Which assessment finding supports a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
- Moon face and buffalo hump
- Weight loss
- Hypotension
Abrupt withdrawal of corticosteroids can lead to adrenal crisis.
36.Which lab value is most important to monitor with heparin therapy?
- INR
- Platelets
- aPTT
- Hemoglobin
aPTT assesses the therapeutic range of heparin and helps avoid
bleeding risks.
37.What is an expected finding in a client with diabetes insipidus?
- Fluid overload
- Low sodium
- Excessive urine output
- Decreased hematocrit
Diabetes insipidus causes extreme polyuria due to ADH deficiency.
38.A client is receiving chemotherapy. What lab value requires immediate attention?
- Hgb 11 g/dL
- WBC 2,000/mm³
- Platelets 150,000/mm³
WBC < 4,000 indicates neutropenia and high infection risk.
39.What intervention helps prevent complications in a client with neutropenia?
- High-protein diet
- Avoid fresh fruits and flowers
- Frequent visitors
- Encourage raw vegetables
Neutropenic precautions reduce exposure to potential pathogens.
40.Which electrolyte imbalance is common with Addison’s disease?
- Hypernatremia
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypokalemia
Adrenal insufficiency leads to decreased aldosterone, causing
sodium loss.
41.A client with chronic kidney disease has pruritus. What is the best action?
- Increase protein intake
- Provide skin moisturizers
- Administer diuretics
Autonomic dysreflexia causes severe hypertension and requires
immediate intervention.
45.A client with cirrhosis is confused and lethargic. What lab value supports hepatic encephalopathy?
- Elevated bilirubin
- Low albumin
- High ammonia
- Elevated creatinine
Ammonia buildup affects brain function in hepatic
encephalopathy.
46.Which action prevents complications in a client post-thyroidectomy?
- Elevate legs
- Monitor blood pressure
- Have tracheostomy kit at bedside
- Apply heat to neck
Airway obstruction is a risk; a tracheostomy kit ensures emergency
access.
47.Which intervention supports airway clearance in a COPD client?
- Pursed-lip breathing
- Deep oral suction
- Encourage low fluid intake
- Place in supine position
Pursed-lip breathing helps with air trapping and prolongs
exhalation.
48.What medication is used to treat hypothyroidism?
- Propylthiouracil
- Levothyroxine
- Prednisone
- Methimazole
Levothyroxine replaces deficient thyroid hormone in
hypothyroidism.
49.What is the primary goal for a client with diabetic neuropathy?
- Encourage weight gain
- Prevent foot injuries
- Promote high carbohydrate intake
- Increase mobility
Loss of sensation puts clients at risk for unnoticed foot injuries.
50.A nurse is preparing discharge teaching for a client with heart failure. Which instruction is correct?
- Weigh once a week
- Avoid potassium-rich foods
