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NUR 325 Exam 1 ASU 2024/2025 Exam Complete With Questions And Answers A Graded
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which parenteral drug is fastest? IV pharmacokinetics movement of drugs from site of administration to various tissues 1st pass effect some of the drugs when passed though the liver may deactivate —> reduces effect of drugs bioavailability amount of oral drug after passing through the liver parenteral drugs does not get affected by 1st pass effect because it goes directly to the vein or tissue
what factors affect distribution to different parts of the body?
Why is peak & trough important? must maintain at a therapeutic level in the blood in order to be effective Pharmacodynamics Biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of taking a drug adverse reactions a list of possible unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects other than the desired effect Therapeutic effect The desired or intended effect of a particular medication. "off-label" the use of drugs for unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration most severe adverse reaction anaphylactic shock
clinical manifestations of anaphylactic shock swelling of eyes, mouth, face, and throat, difficultly breathing, wheezing, rapid HR, extremely low BP, eventually cardiac arrest drug tolerance body decreased response to a drug over a period of time or repeated use cumulative effect When the body cannot completely metabolize and excrete one drug dose before next dose is given drug toxicity excessive doses result in negative physiologic effects (can be irreversible) may lead to OVERDOSE precautions benefits outweigh the risk
what physiologic factors are important to consider when administering drugs to the aging patient? decreased cardiac output, decreased peristalsis, increased pH affects absorption and distribution, decreased renal and hepatic function generic name not capitalized, less expensive brand name commercial name, capitalized what are the different types of oral medications? liquid, tablet, capsule, powder which form absorbs the fastest? liquid
which form absorbs the slowest? enteric coated tablet what are the 3 ways a drug can be delivered parenterally? intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly Pain pain is defined as whatever the person experiencing the pain says it is describe the concept of pain pain is complex, multidimensional experience, with physiologic, affective, cognition, behavioral, and sociocultural dimensions that occurs in many patients and in all settinsg acute pain protective, temporary, self limiting, direct cause, and resolves with tissue healing, see changes in vital signs chronic pain not protective, ongoing or frequently occurs, lasts longer than 6 months, persists beyond tissue healing
Nursing and collaborative interventions to effectively manage pain
what is Tramadol's drug category? centrally acting nonopiod what is morphine's drug category? opioid agonist what is Butorphanol's drug category? agonist-antagonist opioid analgesic what is Naloxone's drug category? opioid antagonist what's the difference between 1st generation and 2nd generation NSAIDs? 2nd generation is just as effective as 1st generation but has lower risk for GI side effects, but increased risk for MI and stroke what safety issues should the nurse be aware of related to opioid agonists?
history, examination, diagnostic test, mental status exam relate appropriate nursing and collaborative interventions to minimize the impact of cognitive impairment and to ensure safety
plan intervention based on assessment Define the concept of stress Stress and coping is a continual process that starts with an event that is experienced by the individual, perceived through intact information processing channels, appraised for scope and meaning, assessed as neutral, manageable, or threatening within current capacity of coping skills, resources and abilities, ending ideally in a positive outcome of homeostasis and feeling of well being. Physiological effects of acute stress response is immediate, often intense, and necessary for survival - Normal physiological response Physiological effects of chronic stress
