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A series of multiple-choice questions and answers related to pharmacology in nursing. it covers various medications, their uses, side effects, and interactions, focusing on patient education and safe medication administration. The questions test knowledge of drug classes, specific medications, and appropriate nursing interventions. the detailed rationales provided for each answer enhance understanding of the underlying principles of pharmacology and patient care. This resource is valuable for nursing students preparing for exams or seeking to deepen their understanding of medication management.
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A woman who is breastfeeding her infant must take a prescription medication for 2 weeks. The medication is safe, butthe patient wants to make sure her baby receives as little of thedrug as possible. What will the nurse tell the patient to do? (65) A. Give the baby formula as long as the mother is taking themedication B. Take the medication immediately after breastfeeding C. Pump breast milk and feed the baby by bottle D. Take the medication 1 hour before breastfeeding (ANS: B) Taking the medication immediately after breastfeedingminimizes the drug concentration in the breast milk at the nextfeeding. Disrupting breastfeeding is not indicated. Pumping the breast milk will not diminish the drugs or drug concentration in the breast milk. Taking the medication 1 hour before breastfeeding will increase concentrations of the drug in the breast milk.
the contractions that precipitate labor. An alpha1 agonist would have effects on the heart and arterioles. Anticholinergic drugs generally are given for their effects on the urinary and GI tracts and do not affect uterine muscle. A beta2 antagonist would cause increased constriction of uterine muscle.
D. Sinus bradycardia. (ANS: B) The signs and symptoms describe left-sided heart failure, in which the blood normally handled by the left ventricleand forced out through the aorta into the body backs up into thelungs, producing respiratory signs and symptoms. The patient’s signs and symptoms are not indicative of bronchoconstriction, which would cause wheezing and diminished breath sounds. Rebound cardiac excitation occurs when the beta blocker is withdrawn, not during administration of the drug. The patient’sheart rate is elevated, so sinus bradycardia is not present.
is less likely to occurwith other dopamine agonists is: (105) A. Sleep attacks. B. Dizziness. C. Hallucinations. D. Dyskinesias. (ANS: A) A few patients taking pramipexole have experienced sleep attacks, or an overwhelming and irresistible sleepiness thatcomes on without warning. Dizziness, hallucinations, and dyskinesias are listed as side effects of pramipexole and other dopamine agonists.
C. Prepare to provide respiratory support, because the patientshows signs of overdose. D.Withhold the aspirin until the patient’s symptomshave subsided. (ANS: D) This patient shows signs of salicylism, which occurs when ASA levels climb just slightly above the therapeutic level. Salicylism is characterized by tinnitus, sweating, headache, and dizziness. Tinnitus is an indication that the maximum acceptable dose has been achieved. Toxicity occurs at a salicylate level of 400 mcg/mL or higher. ASA should be withheld until the symptoms subside and then should be resumed at a lower dose. Increasing the dose would only increase the risk of toxicity. Signsof renal impairment include oliguria and weight gain, which arenot present in this patient. This patient has salicylism, not salicylate toxicity, so respiratory support measures are not indicated.
order: (943) A. a combination opioid/NSAID and an adjunctive analgesic. B. a fentanyl transdermal patch, acetaminophen, and an adjunctive analgesic. C. an increase in the oxycodone and NSAID doses. D. intramuscular morphine sulfate and acetaminophen. (ANS: B) As pain increases in severity, more powerful opioids should be used. This patient has been taking oxycodone, which is a moderate-strength opioid; fentanyl is stronger. Because the painis chronic and is now severe and because the patient has opioid tolerance, a transdermal patch may be used. Long-term use of NSAIDs is not recommended because of the risk of thrombotic events. The patient also is describing neuropathic pain, which canbe treated with an adjuvant analgesic. Fixed- dose combination drugs are not recommended for increasing pain. NSAIDs are not recommended long term. Intramuscular medications are not recommended because of the pain associated with administration
A. Ask the patient what she took and when she learned she was pregnant. B. Contact the patient’s provider to request an ultrasound. C. Counsel the patient to consider termination of the pregnancy. D. Suggest to the patient that she go to a high-risk pregnancy center. (ANS: A) When a pregnant patient is exposed to a known or potential teratogen, the first step is to find out when the drug was taken and when the pregnancy beganto determine whether the drug was taken during the period of organogenesis, whenthe fetus is most vulnerable to teratogenic effects. If exposure occurred during this phase, the provider may order an ultrasound. Counseling the patient to terminate apregnancy is not a nursing role. Until more is known about this patient’s fetus, it isnot necessary to refer her to another pregnancy center.
reporting new-onset headache, nervousness, and flushing. What should the nurse do? A. Reassure the patient that her symptoms are not from the terbutaline. B. Notify the practitioner that the patient is having a possible allergic reactionto the medication. C. Continue to monitor the patient closely and explain that these are normal adverse reactions to terbutaline. D. Tell the patient that she is experiencing normal preterm labor symptoms. (ANS: C)
suppress preterm labor. What is the classification and mechanism of actionof terbutaline? A. Terbutaline is an alpha-adrenergic agonist that works by relaxing smooth muscle, including the uterus, when the alpha-adrenergic receptor agonistsare stimulated. B. Terbutaline is a beta-adrenergic agonist that works by relaxing smooth muscle, including the uterus, when the beta-adrenergic receptor agonists are stimulated. C. Terbutaline is a beta-adrenergic agonist that works by expanding smooth muscle, including the uterus, when the beta-adrenergic receptor agonists arestimulated. D. Terbutaline is an alpha-adrenergic agonist that works by contracting smoothmuscle, including the uterus, when the alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists are stimulated. (ANS: B)
kidney function.
drugs that cause muscarinic blockade. Donepezil is used to treat Alzheimer disease. Edrophonium is used to distinguish between a myasthenic crisisand a cholinesterase inhibitor overdose. Neostigmine does not cross the blood- brain barrier and would not effectively treat this patient’s CNS symptoms.
A. Decreased prostate size B. Increased urinary frequency C. Improved urinary hesitation D. Decreased serum PSA levels (ANS: C) Terazosin is an alpha1-adrenergic antagonist. These medications relaxthe smooth muscles of the bladder neck to improve urinary symptoms experiencedwith BPH. They do not decrease the size of the prostate. Increased urinary frequency is a sign of worsening BPH.