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NURS 05505: ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2
STUDYGUIDE. LATEST UPDATE 2024-2025 WITH
QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED CORRECT
ANSWERS GUARANTEED A+
A nurse is assessing a patient whoa has a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, and knows it is important to determine whether the patient has which of the symptoms specific to this symptom? – CORRECT ANSWER : Inability to concentrate at work and complete usual assignments Alzheimer's Medications – CORRECT ANSWER : 1) Donepezil (Aricept)
- Galantamine (Razadyne)
- Rivastigmine (Exelon) An older adult receives levodopa, carbidopa, and entacapone (Stalevo). The nurse is concerned primarily about which problem with the patient? - CORRECT ANSWER: Muscle twitching Tip: Muscle twitching may indicate toxicity. ANS Medications - CORRECT ANSWER : Direct acting muscarinic receptor agonist
- bethanechol( Urecholine Cholinesterase inhibitors
- physostigmine(Antilirium) Cholinergic blocking drugs
- atropine(Atropen) Adrenergic drugs
- phenylephrine (neo-synephrine) Adrenergic blocking drugs
- prazosin(Minipress) ANS neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWER : acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine Antidepressant pharmacotherapy classes - CORRECT ANSWER : - SSRI- block reuptake of serotonin into presynaptic nerve termials
- MAOI- Inhibit MAO enzyme activity inside presynaptic nerve terminals
- SNRI- Inhibit the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine and elevate mood
- TCA- inhibit the preuptake of neurotransmitters into presynaptic nerve terminals
- autonomic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER : the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic (fight or flight) division arouses; its parasympathetic (rest and Digest) division calms.
- increase range of motion
- improve ability to function independently Nonpharmacologic interventions - CORRECT ANSWER : - heat or cold packs
- imagery
- touch
- TENS
- meditation
- prayer
- relaxation OLD CART - CORRECT ANSWER : Onset Location Duration Characteristics Aggravating factors Relieving factors Treatment parasympathetic nervous system anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER : rest and digest constricts pupils stimulates salvation slows heart rate contractility constricts bronchioles
stimulates digestion stimulates galbladder function contracts bladder stimulates erection stimulates vaginal lubrication Pharmacotherapy of Osteomalacia - CORRECT ANSWER : - Calcium supplements
- vitamin D
- selective estrogen recepter modulators bisphosphonates
- calcitonin rebound insomnia - CORRECT ANSWER : anxiety and sleeplessness resulting from an abrupt stop of long term sedative REM sleep - CORRECT ANSWER: required by the body to keep the psyche functioning normally sleep debt - CORRECT ANSWER: Caused by deprivation of REM sleep causing irritability and emotional disturbances sympathetic nervous system anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER: fight or flight dilates pupils (mydiasis) inhibits salvation
The nurse has an order to administer atropine, an anticholinergic drug, and understands that medication is contraindicated for which patient: - CORRECT ANSWER: The patient with glaucoma Tip: Anticholinergic drugs can increase pressure in the eye; they must be avoided for patients with glaucoma. The nurse is admitting the patient to the psych unit with a diagnosis of depression. Which data collected from the initial history and assessment would the nurse determine required additional medical evaluation: - CORRECT ANSWER: History of hypothyroidism Tip: Symptoms of depression can be attributed to medical or neurological problems, as well as thyroid gland problems The nurse is assessing the patient for pain. Since the patient describes the pain as "burning and shooting," the nurse determines the pain may be classified as" - CORRECT ANSWER: - Neuropathic pain Tip: Neuropathic pain is caused by injury to nerves and is typically described as burning, shooting, or numbing pain. Injury to tissues produces nociceptor pain and is further divided into somatic pain (with symptoms described as local and sharp) and visceral pain (symptoms described as generalized, dull, throbbing, and aching.) The nurse is aware that nursing considerations and patient education regarding the
administration of Haloperidol (Haldol) for a patient exhibiting psychotic behavior include all: - CORRECT ANSWER: - Older adults are more likely to have adverse effects
- This medication should not be stopped abruptly
- Haloperidol interacts with many drugs The nurse is caring for a patient in the PACU who received viscous Lidocaine to numb the throat before a gastroscopy was performed. Priority nursing assessment includes: - CORRECT ANSWER: Return of the gag reflex Tip: Assess for return of gag reflex before eating and drinking. The nurse is obtaining a patient history and asks about prescribed medications and recreational drug use. When the patient discloses using heroin, the nurse identifies that this controlled substance belongs in what DEA schedule: - CORRECT ANSWER: Schedule I Tip: Schedule I drugs are said to have no accepted medical use and are considered to have the highest potential of abuse. The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions for a patient who is to start sumatriptan (Imitrex) for migraine headaches. What is important for the nurse to include in the teaching plan for the medication? - CORRECT ANSWER: Avoid foods containing tyramine such as aged cheese Do not drive until the effects of medication are known
tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) class because: - CORRECT ANSWER: The drug has sympathomimetic and anticholinergic effects Tip: Sertraline (Zoloft) is a SSRI. These drugs are safer than MAO inhibitors and TCAs- which makes them drugs of choice. They are approximately as efficacious at relieving depression as MAO inhibitors and TCAs. SSRI's can cause nausea (GI effect) and their most common side effect is related to sexual dysfunction. The nurse recalls that the general mechanisms by which drugs affect neurotransmitter activity to alter autonomic nervous system (ANS) response include: - CORRECT ANSWER: - Affecting the synthesis of the neurotransmitter
- Binding to the receptor site on the neuron
- Influencing the release of the neurotransmitter
- influencing the storage of the neurotransmitter Tip: Medications do not correct physiologic defects in the ANS, but they do alter ANS responses by each of the mechanisms. The nurse recalls the potential side effects of sympathomimetic therapy and advises the patient education to: - CORRECT ANSWER: - Take medication early in the day to avoid insomnia
- Report side effects such as dyspnea and palpitations
- Do not "double up" on doses This medication does not cause drowsiness so advising the patient to take medication late at night to minimize drowsiness is the exception.
The nurse receives the patient in the postanethesia care unit (PACU) following a procedure requiring general anesthesia. The priority assessment made by the nurse relates to the patient's: - CORRECT ANSWER: Respiratory Tip: General anesthesia causes relaxation of the muscles, including respiratory muscles, requiring mechanical ventilation. The nurse should question the use of barbiturates for the treatment of seizure activity if prescribed for one of the following patients: - CORRECT ANSWER: 30 yo pregnant female Tip: Barbiturates cross the placental barrier and are excreted in breast milk. (Category D drugs) The nurse working in a mental health clinic is assessing a patient during a follow up visit when the patient admits to not taking prescribed antipsychotic drug for the past two weeks because it was causing sexual dysfunction. The nurse explains continuing the
nurse should implement all of the following medication administration principles related to route except: - CORRECT ANSWER: When ordered parenterally, only give via IM The patient is receiving escitalopram (Lexapro) for treatment of generalized anxiety disorder questions the nurse: "I am just nervous, not depressed. Why am I taking an antidepressant medication?" What is the best response by the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER: The same brain chemicals are involved with anxiety as well as depression so these medications also treat anxiety. Tip: Antidepressants are frequently used to treat anxiety. They reduce anxiety by altering levels of norepinephrine and serotonin. These neurotransmitters are also involved with depression. The patient receives dantrolene (Dantrium) for muscle spasticity. Which lab result is a priority for the nurse to assess? - CORRECT ANSWER: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Tip: Dantrolene can cause hepatitis. The patient's calcium level has been reported as critically low 5.6 mg/dL. The nurse should assess the client for: - CORRECT ANSWER: Muscle twitching Tip: Normal serum calcium levels are 8.5 - 11.5 mg/dL. Signs of hypocalcemia are: seizures, muscle twitching, tremors, cramping, numbness, tingleness of extremities, and
possible convulsions. The physician has ordered IV diazepam (Valium) for the patient in status epilepticus. During administration, which assessment is most important? - CORRECT ANSWER: Assessing respirations The physician prescribes cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) for the patient. When doing patient education, what will the best information of the nurse to include? - CORRECT ANSWER: Increase the intake of fluids and fiber while taking this medication Tip: Cyclobenzprine (Flexeril) has anticholinergic properties and can cause constipation, so the client should increase the intake of fluids and fiber. Which of the following laboratory tests would be important to monitor for the patient prescribed with lithium (Eskalith)? - CORRECT ANSWER: - BUN & creatinine
- Drug level
- CBC
- Serum Sodium Tips: Because lithium salts are removed by the kidneys, the nurse should monitor the BUN and creatinine to evaluate renal function. Drug level, CBC, and electrolytes, especially serum sodium should also be monitored for hepatic function. Which of these interventions would the nurse expect to see listed as the first priority in
