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NURS 225 - EXAM 1 2025-2026|QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS|100% PASS ASSURED
What are the four key aspects of EBP? (1) Decision-making process, research results, nursing expertise, client preferences What is holistic nursing care? (1) Care that takes EVERYTHING about the patient into consideration (culture, psychosocial state, biology, etc.); also requires transformational leadership and is influenced by nurses' education What are background questions? (1) Questions based on core knowledge; general questions that serve as underpinnings for other questions What are foreground questions? (1) Questions that are based on evidence used in EBP; problem-focused; more specific than background
What does PICOT stand for?(1) Patient population/phenomenon Intervention Comparison Outcome Time What is the independent variable in a PICOT question? (1) Intervention What is the dependent variable in a PICOT question? (1) Outcome Which elements of a PICOT question are not always required? (1) Comparison and time What must always be true about an outcome of interest? (1)
What are the four main sources for researchable problems? (8) Personal experience, nursing literature, social issues, research priorities of funding bodies What do research studies begin with? (8) A problem the researcher would like to solve How do significance and feasibility differ? (8) Significance - What effect does it produce? Feasibility - Can it be done? What are the five outcomes that make research findings significant? (8)
- Benefit stakeholders (community, patients, nurses, employees) -Be applicable to practice, education, or administration -Extend or support current theory -Generate new theory -Support current practice or provide evidence for changing practice
What are the six things that must be considered when determining the feasibility of a project? (8) Cost, availability of subjects, time constraints, availability of facilities or equipment, cooperation of others, interest/expertise of the researcher What is the format of a problem statement? (8) Question or declarative sentence What are the essential components of a problem statement? (8) Population and variable What forms the foundation for a study? (8) Problem statement that includes background, significance, and feasibility of the problem What is the definition of evidence? (2) A process to prove or disprove something; making information clear and plain; foundation for values, beliefs, and ideas
New research finding or new practice guideline What is the purpose of the Iowa model? (2) Describe knowledge transformation and to guide implementation of research into clinical practice; considering the entire healthcare system from the provider, to the patient, to the infrastructure, using research within these contexts to guide practice decisions What is the second step of the Iowa model? (2) Determining the priority and reviewing and critiquing relevant literature What is the third step of the Iowa model? (2) Identify research evidence that supports the change in clinical practice What is the final step of the Iowa model? (2) Implement a change in practice and monitor the outcomes
List several different types of evidence. (2) Case studies Case series Case reports Editorials Ideas Opinions Expert opinions Observations Consensus Qualitative research Quantitative research Mixed methods Translational research What is translational research? (2) Using what has already been discovered and using that knowledge to benefit patients What are the four accepted patterns of evidence? (2)
What is considered level 3 evidence? (2) Well-designed quasi experimental; not randomized and no control group What is considered level 4 evidence? (2) Well-designed non-experimental What is considered level 5 evidence? (2) Case reports, clinical expertise, expert opinion What levels of research does most nursing research come from? (2) 3 and 4 What is meta-analysis research and what level is it? (2) Design used to systematically assess the results of previous research to derive conclusions about that body of research; level 1
Is meta-analysis quantitative or qualitative? (2) Quantitative Which level of evidence are randomized controlled trials? (2) Level 2 What are quasi-experimental designs? (2) Well-designed; not randomized or controlled Which level of evidence are well-designed quasi experimentals? (2) Level 3 What type of experiments are not randomized and have no control group? (2) Quasi experimental
Level 5 Is level 5 research quantitative or qualitative? (2) Qualitative What are the purposes of quality? (4) Eliminate errors, decrease sentinel events, improve patient care and safety, decrease financial costs, promote health, focus on patient- entered care What is quality assurance? (4) An orderly practice of examining a product or service to determine if it meets precise requirements What is quality improvement? (4) A process utilized to investigate a policy, procedure, or protocol to determine if it addresses an aspect identified through an EBP process and works to validate current practice
What is the purpose of HCAHPS? (4) Measures high-quality service via patient satisfaction What is a sentinel event? (4) Threat to life or safety as a result of something that happened in the hospital What is a root cause analysis? (4) Analysis of the cause of a sentinel event What are some challenges that create the need for quality improvement? (4) -Underuse, overuse, and misuse of resources -Lack of accountability -Incentivized payment systems What is the National Quality Strategy and what are its three aims? (4)
What plays the key role in QI applied to acute settings? (4) Nurses What is involved in application of QI in a community setting? (4) Every level, every department What are the two key publications that have formed the foundation for recent advancements in QI? (4) To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System (IOM, 1999) and Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century (IOM, 2001) What is autonomy in medicine? (7) Gives patients the ability to decide, the power to act on their own decision, and respect for the individual; gives rise to informed consent What is informed consent? (7)
Patient is given the opportunity to autonomously choose a course of action What is non-maleficence? (7) Avoiding causing harm to another What are the roles of an Institutional Review Board? (7) -Assure patient protection -Address potential ethical-legal implications -Ensures anonymity and confidentiality What are the purposes of literature review? (9) -Identifies a research problem and how it can be studied -Helps clarify and determine the importance of research question -Identifies what is known -Identifies gaps in the knowledge -Provides examples -Provides examples -Provides evidence of the importance of the problem
Search engines - take you to the information, help you retrieve accessible information Databases - organized body of related information, arranged for speed of access and retrieval, storage location like a library, two types (bibliographic and full-text) What are the two types of databases? (9) Bibliographic and full-text What are common databases used in nursing? (9) MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Nursing and Health Sciences, Nursing Journal, PsycINFO, AIDSinfo, EBSCOhost Who founded CINAHL? (9) Virginia Henderson What was Virginia Henderson's contribution to nursing research? (9) Spent 18 years collecting nursing articles to form the basis for CINAHL, she wrote textbooks
What are the three basics of searching for literature? (9) Identify concepts from the research question to focus the search, determine any synonyms for identified concepts, combine search strategies (AND/OR) What is a good source of background knowledge? (9) Textbook What is literature review, and what is it not? It IS a synthesis of information about a topic; it is NOT a summary of articles
