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NURS 242 Exam 1- Ethics, Leadership, & Management Questions
And Complete Answers
A nurse witnesses another nurse providing care without proper hand hygiene and reports this to the charge nurse. The charge nurse is friends with the other nurse and refuses to take action. This is an examples of: a) moral distress b) moral indifference c) ethical dilemma d) moral conflict - answer a) moral distress *she knows the action is wrong but is still not doing the right thing *occurs when you are unable to act upon what you believe is the morally appropriate action to take or when you otherwise act in a manner contrary to your personal and professional values. You know what to do, but believe you cannot do it due to internal or external barriers What term occurs when you are unable to act upon what you believe is the morally appropriate action to take or when you otherwise act in a manner contrary to your personal and professional values. You know what to do, but believe you cannot do it due to internal or external barriers? *Self doubt, lack of assertiveness, and the perception of powerlessness are examples of internal barriers. Inadequate staffing, lack of organizational support, poor relationships with colleagues, and policies that conflict with the care needs of patients are examples of external barriers. - answer Moral distress *ex: nurse witnesses another nurse providing care without proper hand hygiene and reports this to the charge nurse. The charge nurse is friends with the other nurse and refuses to take action A nurse-manager who makes decisions based on what will benefit the majority of the nurse manager's subordinates is using what type of theical framework for decision making?
a) intuitionist b) duty based c) rights based d) utilitarianism - answer d) utilitarianism Which is not an element of ethical decision making? a) beneficence b) utility c) paternalism d) pragmatism - answer d) pragmatism Nancy is a loyal and trustworthy nurse that performs the duties that are expected of her. Which principle of ethical reasoning is Nancy displaying? a) justice b) nonmaleficence c) fidelity d) beneficence - answer c) fidelity The nurse in a unit is caring for several clients. To distribute nursing care the nurse used the principle for triage due to the limited availability resources of resources. The nurse is promoting which ethical principle? a) fidelity b) justice c) confidentiality d) veracity - answer b) justice Nursing ethics providers the standards for professional behavior and is the study of principles of right and wrong for nurses. The standards states the duties and obligations of the nurse should include which of the following? a) individual
be given to him. The nurse explained the side effects of the medications. The nurse answered all the questions of the client honestly even though the client choose not to undergo chemotherapy. Then nurse used which principle of ethical reasoning? a) confidentiality b) veracity c) justice d) fidelity - answer b) veracity *it is the obligation to tell the truth; "truth telling" *the nurse is displaying truth telling by explaining the effects of chemo Nurse Bobby avoids deliberate harm and risk of harm during his performance of nursing actions. The nurse is promoting which ethical principle? a) autonomy b) nonmaleficence c) justice d) beneficence - answer b) nonmaleficence *it directs us to act in ways that avoid harm to others, including even the risk of harm What ethical principle directs us to act in ways that avoid harm to others, including even the risk of harm? a) respect for persons b) nonmaleficence c) beneficence
d) justice - answer b) nonmaleficence *ex: Nurse Bobby avoids deliberate harm and risk of harm during his performance of nursing actions Which statement by the charge nurse indicates that they are an autocratic leadership style? a) "you must complete all the a.m. care before you take your morning break" b) "I don't care how the work is done as long as it is completed on time" c) "I would like to talk to you about your ideas on a new staffing mix" d) "I think we should have a port luck lunch tomorrow because it is Saturday" - answer a) "you must complete all the a.m. care before you take your morning break" *it is when they make all decisions and are generally most concerned with the tasks to be accomplished. Maintain distance from their followers, motivating them through the threat of punishment and offer of rewards and incentives. Often use when a decision needs to be made quickly. What leadership style makes all decisions and are generally most concerned with the tasks to be accomplished. Maintain distance from their followers, motivating them through the threat of punishment and offer of rewards and incentives. Often use when a decision needs to be made quickly. - answer Autocratic leadership style -Advantages: decisive; effective for emergencies, new employees, and large group; may decrease perceptions of favoritism; -Disadvantages: takes away choice and group involvement (doesn't promote teamwork) ; followers may perceive that opinion doesn't matter
statement by the clinical manager indicates a laissez-faire leadership style? a) "I will schedule a meeting to discuss the concerns of the charge nurse" b) "I hired the new charge nurse and she is doing what I told her to do" c) "you and the staff really should take care of this situation on your own" d) "I will talk to the charge nurse about your concerns and get back to you" - answer c) "you and the staff really should take care of this situation on your own" Which of the following is a characteristic of a leader? a) always assigned a position of authority b) usually part of a formal organization c) focus on group process, information gathering, and feedback d) focus on decision making and result - answer c) focus on group process, information gathering, and feedback Marilyn is a nursing executive that is worried about her new leadership position. Her mentor informed her of the following leadership flaws? (Select all that apply) a) clear vision b) poor judgment c) resisting new ideas d) failure to develop others e) interpersonal skills - answer b) poor judgment c) resisting new ideas d) failure to develop others Nancy is the department manager of a fast paced surgical unit. Her afternoon charge
nurse calls her every evening at 6 pm to discuss night time staffing needs. Nancy is demonstrating which of the following leadership flaws? a) not collaborating b) poor judgment c) clear vision and direction d) not developing others - answer d) not developing others Which of the following is not one of the six attributes for effective leadership? a) followers b) time c) communication d) change - answer b) time Which of the following are considered formal leadership positions? (select all that apply) a) President of the American Nurses Association b) Vice president of Patient services c) Staff Nurse d) ICU Nurse Manager e) Chief Nursing Officer - answer a) President of the American Nurses Association b) Vice president of Patient services d) ICU nurse manager e) chief Nursing Officer The nurse manager asked Sue, RN to work Friday day shift to meet minimum staffing
*In shared leadership, employees are empowered to make decisions for the organization. In transformational leadership, the leader provides the vision. In democratic leadership, the leader involves the followers in decision making. The leader still makes the final decision. In autocratic leadership, the leader makes all the decisions. What leadership style involves followers in the decision making processes by using a participatory leadership style. They show more concerns about followers than autocratic leaders. It's sseful when the followers are experienced workers, particular when they have professional education and socialization. - answer Democratic leadership -Advantages: helps followers develop technical and emotional security; high productivity; g. Roux commitment -Disadvantages: difficulty coming to conclusion about decisions; time consuming; communication failure What leadership style helps followers develop technical and emotional security & high productivity BUT is time consuming, difficult coming to a conclusion, & communication failure? a) democratic b) autocratic c) laissez-faire d) transactional - answer a) democratic *it involves followers in the decision making processes by using a participatory leadership style. They show more concerns about followers than autocratic leaders. It's useful when the followers are experienced workers, particular when they have professional education and socialization. Which statement, if made by a new nurse, requires further explanation?
a) Leaders are made, not born. b) Leadership in health care is an act reserved only for designated administrators and managers. c) Clinical leaders are needed in every setting to ensure that quality patient care is delivered and that new evidence and research findings are adopted to improve patient care. d) It is important for nurses who aspire to be leaders. - answer b) Leadership in health care is an act reserved only for designated administrators and managers. *"Leaders are made, not born" is true because leaders must continuously develop leadership skills. Leadership skills in every setting will improve the quality of patient care. Nursing leaders are vitally important to improve patient care at the bedside. Which of the following statements is true? a) Communication is the least important function of leadership. b) Task leaders will communicate the most effective ways to accomplish the work. c) Autocratic leaders value feedback from their followers. d) Leaders who have little communication with their staff are socioemotional leaders. - answer b) Task leaders will communicate the most effective ways to accomplish the work. *All answers except "Task leaders will communicate the most effective ways to accomplish the work" are false because communication is the most important function of leadership. Autocratic leaders do not seek feedback from their followers, because they make all the decisions. Socio-emotional leaders communicate frequently to gage followers' feelings and emotions. A 28-year-old married woman received word that she is pregnant. Sadly, the patient is not able to carry the pregnancy because she suffers from long QT syndrome, which causes an abnormality of the heart, meaning any rush of adrenaline could prove fatal. The pregnant
marrow transplant. The best chance of a match for the BMT is a sibling. The couple would like to use the sperm to have another child so that they can increase the likelihood of a match. The nurse realizes that the unborn child poses an ethical dilemma involving which principle? a) Beneficence b) Human dignity c) Justice d) Veracity - answer b) Human dignity -Human dignity is the inherent worth and uniqueness of a person. Human rights are the basic rights of each individual. -Beneficence is defined as promoting goodness, kindness, and charity. In ethical terms, beneficence means to provide benefit to others by promoting their welfare. -Justice involves upholding moral and legal principles. -Veracity is truth-telling. A homeless man presents to the ER with hypothermia. He tells the nurse that he is positive for HIV and sought revenge by deliberately having sex with his mate, who does not know of his HIV status. This patient is violating which ethical principle? a) Veracity b) Beneficence c) Nonmaleficence d) Autonomy - answer c) Nonmaleficence -Nonmaleficence means to abstain from injuring others and to help others further their own well-being by removing harm and eliminating threats. The patient is definitely violating this principle through his actions.
-Beneficence is promoting goodness, kindness, and charity. -Veracity is telling the truth in personal communication. -Autonomy is the principle of respect for the individual person. This concept maintains that all persons have unconditional intrinsic value. Which ethical term matches this statement: "A problem for which in order to do something right you have to do something wrong"? a) Justice b) Veracity c) Ethical dilemma d) Fidelity - answer c) Ethical dilemma -An ethical dilemma involves a problem for which in order to do something right you have to do something wrong. -Justice involves upholding moral and legal principles. -Veracity means telling the truth as a moral and ethical requirement. -Fidelity is the principle that requires a person to act in ways that are loyal. In the role of a nurse, such action includes keeping promises, doing what is expected of you, performing your duties, and being trustworthy. The nurse believes that a patient who states he is in pain is "faking it" and is hoping to get "high." The nurse decides to give the patient a placebo instead of the pain medication that was ordered for the patient. The nurse is violating which principle(s) of ethics? (select all that apply) a) Autonomy b) Utilitarianism c) Beneficence
-Disadvantages: little communication and information to followers; often results in employee apathy and chaos; leaders usually waits until crisis occurs; Change doesn't occur/made often What leadership style is useful when a routine is familiar and works best when followers are highly experienced in that work because it encourages employee innovation & flexibility and followers are free to make decisions BUT often results in employee apathy and chaos? a) democratic b) autocratic c) laissez-faire d) transactional - answer c) laissez-faire *it does not interfere with employees and their work. They stand at a distance, given your followers freedom to make decisions and accomplish work, provide minimal information to followers and have a little communication with them about their work, and typically wait until a crisis develops to make decision What leadership style focuses on the daily operations & have an organization to develop an exchange relationship with their followers? It entails rewarding followers when they perform and correcting them when necessary. They focus on getting things done and satisfying their own and their followers self interest. - answer Transactional Leaders -Advantages: develops relationship and rewards with/to follows; focused on mission/vision//goals of organization; task orientation -Disadvantages: diminishes self motivation; inflexible; limits creativity; known to be insensitive What leadership style develops relationship and rewards with follows, focused on
mission/vision/goals of organization, and task orientation BUT is diminishes self- motivation, limits creativity, insensitive, and inflexible,? a) democratic b) autocratic c) laissez-faire d) transactional - answer d) transactional What is the study or examination of morality through a variety of different approaches. Also is a process involving critical thought and action? a) ethics b) ethical sensitivity c) ethical reflection and analysis d) ethical decision making - answer a) Ethics What helps us recognize when there is an ethical problem or dilemma? a) ethics b) ethical sensitivity c) ethical reflection and analysis d) ethical decision making - answer b) Ethical sensitivity What enables us to think critically to rank our ethical obligations and priorities? a) ethics b) ethical sensitivity c) ethical reflection and analysis
d) bioethics - answer b) Organizational ethics *ex: prohibiting the use of contraceptives in catholic facilities What refers to the ethical standards and expectations of a particular profession? Their members are often held to a higher standard in terms of ethics, so ethics becomes a fundamental elements of one's professional identity. a) Societal Ethics b) Organizational ethics c) professional ethics d) bioethics - answer c) professional ethics *ex: The Code of Ethics for Nurses of the American Nurses Association (ANA) What is an individual's own ethical foundation and practice sources of our ethics are not static and change over time just as individuals grow and change over time? a) Clinical ethics b) Personal ethics c) professional ethics d) bioethics - answer b) Personal ethics What deals broadly with ethical questions surrounding the biological sciences, emerging HC technologies, and health policy? a) Clinical ethics b) Personal ethics
c) professional ethics d) bioethics - answer d) bioethics *is closely related to professional ethics; research ethics is a field w/in that examines ethical conduct of research using human subjects and animals What ethical principle maintains that human beings have an unconditional moral worth that requires us to treat each individual person with great value, dignity, & respect? Autonomy is an important extension of this principle and suggests a patients ability to express their wishes and make informed choices about their treatment a) respect for persons b) beneficence c) justice d) fidelity - answer a) respect for persons (autonomy) -ex: when a nurse advocates for a patient, they are attempting to protect the patient's autonomy when other factors interfere with the patient's ability to act independently -ex: patient centered care and informed consent What ethical principle is an obligation to do good by acting in ways that promote the welfare and best interests of others? a) respect for persons b) beneficence c) justice d) fidelity - answer b) beneficence
