Download Nurs 302 Quiz 1 Questions and Answers: Inflammation and Wound Healing and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Nurs 302 Quiz 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
reaction of vasuclar tissue to cell death or injury **caused by activation of chemicals and cellular components found in blood and tissue correct answer: inflammation single cell lining of blood vessel (help separate intravascular and extra-vascular) correct answer: endothelial cells endothelial cells are _____ b/c they keep patency to not allow clots and do vasodilation and vasoconstriction to regulate blood flow which makes them ____ correct answer: nonthrombogenic selective permeable protective response (protien, chemical, etc) to destroy, dilute, or wall of injury/ infection agent correct answer: inflammatory mediator membrane bound disk circulate in blood that play a role in hemastasis **let off chemicals to increase/ change properties of vascular permeability and alter adhesion ***over ____ protein are released when activated disease leads to (3) correct answer: platelets 300 atherosclerosis migraine lupus
WBC and major cellular component in inflammation make up granulocytes or agranulocytes correct answer: leukocytes most common in circulating blood: 60 to 70% of all WBC -multilobed and first to appear on site( within __ min) -undergo phago and granule have enzymes and other antibacterial substances to destroy bacteria and necrotic tissue **short life span- die within 24 to 48 hrs. ** oxygen dependent metabolic pathaway that make H2O2 and nitric oxide to kill anaerobe bacteria correct answer: neutrophil 2 to 3% WBC circulating in the blood; slower than neutrophil **high toxicity to parasite worms that cannot be phago **play role in allergic reaction: control/release antihistamine (hay fever/ bronchial asthma) **midly phago correct answer: eosinophil use than 1 % of WBC **trigger histamine and vasoactive agents **precursor to ___ correct answer: basophil mast cell derive from same way of basophil -immature until lodge into tissue **seen in mucosal surfaces **stimulate histamine and other chemicals and stimulate ___ and ___ correct answer: mast cell monocyte macrophage
** become activated after encountering an antigen and receiving t cell help correct answer: plasma cells stages of acute inflammation correct answer: vascular stage cellular stage increase in blood flow and structural changes
- permeability that allow plasma protein to leave circulation, causing redness, heat, pain correct answer: vascular stage delivery of mainly netrophils to site of injury to perform host defense *pattern during this stage (4) correct answer: cellular stage adhesion margination transmargination chemotaxis cardinal signs of of inflammation correct answer: rubor (red) tumor (swelling) color (heat) dolor (pain) functino laeso (loss of function) determined by severity of reaction, cause, site *range from mild swelling to redness to abscess formation *** in tuberculosis- host response does more harm than mycobacterium correct answer: local manifestations
fluid, cells, and other substances that have been slowly escaped from blood vessel and dis positioned into tissue correct answer: exudate watery fluid that is low in protein enter inflammatory site (blister) correct answer: serous exudate severe tissue injury cause damage to vessel or leakage from cappillaries correct answer: hemorrhagic exudate contain large amount of fibrogen that leak into tissue that form mesh like a clot in site correct answer: fibrinogen exudate develop mucus membrane surface and are composed of necrotic cells(creating pus) enmeshed in fibropurent exudate correct answer: membranous exudate pus composed of degraded WBC protein, tissue debris that is in this tissue correct answer: purlent/ supperative exudate abcess induces _____= macrophage cannot get into site (require drainage) correct answer: pyrogenic (fever) replacement of any irreverisble injured cells and return tissue to normal structure/function **either go to resolution, if not goes to chronic inflammation correct answer: resolution last weeks, months, or years -develop from recurrent of progressive acute inflammation or from response that fail to make acute response
3 systemic manifestation of inflammation correct answer: acute phase response alter WBC count fever ___ can cause inflammation **Dr. can order ___to find out exactly where inflammation is coming from and can tell if your increase risk for stroke/heart disease correct answer: fat CRP test (c reactive protein) cause fever **part in brain that control fever -must get ride of what is alter set point correct answer: pyrogens hypothalamic regulatory center non-infectious source of fever in the patient with head injury and, if untreated, can cause damage to the brain in many ways correct answer: neurogenic fever 4 patterns of fever correct answer: intermittent remittent sustained recurrent fever that happens once every 24 hours correct answer: intermittent fever that never turns to normal in a set amount of time correct answer: remittent
fever that is caused by a drug i which fever is altered by only 1 degree correct answer: sustained fever that relapsing with or without symptoms; may be regular or do not follow patter correct answer: recurrent 4 important facts about fever correct answer: increase HR increase RR chills dehydration 4 stages of fever correct answer: prodrome chill flush defervescence (sweat) signs of fever (4) correct answer: aneroxia, myalgia( ache), arthralgia (joint pain), fatigue why does the body have fever? fever can eventually lead to ___ if too long correct answer: increase o increase metabolic rate use protein instead of glucose *metabolic acidosis core temp= **inside body temp (highest in pm and lower in am) correct answer: 97.0 to 99. main source of heat
**do not take ___ temps on them if they cant correct answer: elderly oral process that involves both epi cell regeneration and CT scar formation correct answer: cuteanous wound healing wounds like surgical incisions are ____ intention and heal faster correct answer: primary wounds like burns or ulcers and have larger area to heal are ____ intention and take longer to heal *heal from __ __ correct answer: secondary bottom up 3 phases of healing correct answer: inflammatory phase proliferative phase remodeling phase critical/prepare wound environment for healing *hemastasis/ vascular/celluar phase of inflammaiton correct answer: imflammatory phase building of new tissue to fill wound space *fibroblast synthesize and make collagen (growth factor) correct answer: proliferate phase continue remodeling of scar tissue by fibroblast and lysis of collagen enzymes *increase strength of scar correct answer: remodeling phase
collagen on overdrive; noncancerous *seen in dark pigmented skin correct answer: kelloid 5 factor that affect wound healing correct answer: nutrition blood flow impaired inflammatory response infection, wound seperation, foreign body age need adequate stores of proteins, carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals to supply the body to heal correct answer: nutrition arterial disease/ venous patho inhibit blood supply to wound *blood provides with nutrients, remove waste, toxins correct answer: blood flow/ o important b/c prevent risk of infection that inhibits wound healing ex. diabetes mellitus: neutrophil loose ability to kill with high level of sugar in blood correct answer: impaired inflammatory response impairs all demention of healing= opening of wound/tear slow healing= invite bacteria in wound= correct answer: infection wound separation foreign bodies elderly= wound healing becomes impaired b/c loss of characteristic of skin and healing properties; becomes altered due to other diseases
prodromal acute canvascelce resolution infection to anatomical organ correct answer: itis present in body before encounter with microbe before development of adaptive immunity **consist of 3 mechanism correct answer: innate immunity epi barriers cells pathogen recognition 1st line of defense -cells of mucus membrane block entry of infectious agents and secrete antimicrobial molecules that can effectively kill wide rage correct answer: epi barriers Nk respond to ligands; neutrophil and monocyte do phago correct answer: cells recognition of normal component of microbe and not host cell
- receptors tagged and then bind to effector cell of innate immune system correct answer: pathogen recognition able to distuigns among different, even closely related microbes and can remember so can create higher immune response on subsequent encounter with same agent correct answer: adaptive immunity
protection mediated by antibodies, which are produced by B lymphocytes and progeny *produce ____ that travel in blood and interact with antigen correct answer: humoral immune response immunoglobins t lymphocytes need activation of other t cells and b cells ____ = activate cytotoxic cells, b cells ____= killer t cells ____= keep t cells in check correct answer: cell mediated response helper t cytotoxic t regulatory t acquired through immunization or having disease *called b/c it depends on the body response to the antigen by the pt. immune sytem (long lived immunity) correct answer: active immunity that is transfered from another source (breast feeding or antibody injection) (short lived immunity) *3-6 months when mom pass antibody from breast milk -- rabies and hep a don't have vaccine b/c dont have time to make own antibody correct answer: passive antibodies that circulate in the blood as humoral immunity correct answer: immunoglobulins antiviral, antitoxin, antibacterial antibodies *most abdunant in blood
-produce damage in circulation when come in contact with vessel or depositied in tissue b/c cells try to break down complex *glomerulonephritis ; lupus -raymon phenonmen( finger and toes turn blue) -serum sickness (cause complex after Iv meds) correct answer: type III hypersensitivity hypersensitivity reaction include t cell in which kill antigen bearing target cells and delay hypersensitivity reaction -presensitized t cells release cytokines that damage and kill antigen containing cells *contact dermitis (poison ivy) *TB test *graft surgery correct answer: type IV hypersensitivity genetically determined hypersenstive to common enviromental allergens ___% if one parent ___%if both parent correct answer: atopic 40 80 any organism that support disease correct answer: host presence of microbe and result in injury correct answer: infection act of establish infection correct answer: colonization no structure; must be in host to survive correct answer: virus
factors that aid infection of (produced to enhance infection) 4 factors correct answer: virulence toxin adhesion evasive invasive localized pocket of infection (antibiotic cannot not get in) correct answer: abscess complete removal of pathogen and return to normal fx/ correct answer: treatment bactracidal/bactrastatic depending on bacterial (broad spectrum) correct answer: antibacterial agents infection that happen in hospital correct answer: nosocomial infection infection outside of hospital correct answer: community infection most cases of death in us is caused by correct answer: heart disease and cancer underdeveloped countries die of (3) correct answer: small pox, polio, measles secondary lymph organs(4) correct answer: lymph node adenoids
caused by another illness like HIV (takes 10 years) correct answer: AIDS AIDS can cause oportunisitc infection in (3) *can cause malignacies correct answer: respiratory GI nervous system AIDS destroys ____ and suppress immune system correct answer: helper t cells
