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NURS 316B Exam 3 2025 True/False Exam Review. 100%
Accurate (Complete Exam Graded A)
Codeine Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, respiratory depression Codeine Mechanism of Action: Inhibits neurotransmitter release to reduce pain Codeine Class: Analgesic: Opioids Codeine Precautions: Respiratory depression and increased intracranial pressure, addiction, tolerance Codeine Interactions: Increase CNS depression if taken with alcohol, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Class: Analgesics: Opioids Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits neurotransmitter release to reduce pain Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, respiratory depression
Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Precautions: Respiratory Depression, increased intracranial pressure, addiction, tolerance Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentora) Interactions: Increase CNS depression if taken with alcohol, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants Hydrocodone (Hysingla, Zohydra) Class: Analgesics: Opioids Hydrocodone (Hysingla, Zohydra) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits neurotransmitter release to help reduce pain Hydrocodone (Hysingla, Zohydra) Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, tolerance, respiratory depression Hydrocodone (Hysingla, Zohydra) Precautions: Respiratory depression, increased intracranial pressure, addiction, tolerance Hydrocodone (Hysingla, Zohydra) Interactions: Increase CNS depression if taken with alcohol, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Vicodin) Class: Analgesics: Opioids Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Vicodin) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits neurotransmitter release to help reduce pain
Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits neurotransmitter release to help reduce pain Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose) Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, respiratory depression Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose) Precautions: Respiratory depression, increased intracranial pressure, addiction, tolerance Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose) Interactions: Increase CNS depression if taken with alcohol, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants Morphine (Astramorph, Avinza, Kadian, Contin, Ora-morph) Class: Analgesics: Opioids Morphine (Astramorph, Avinza, Kadian, Contin, Ora-morph) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits neurotransmitter release to help reduce pain Morphine (Astramorph, Avinza, Kadian, Contin, Ora-morph) Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, tolerance, physical dependence Morphine (Astramorph, Avinza, Kadian, Contin, Ora-morph Precautions: Respiratory depression, addiction, tolerance, increased intracranial pressure Morphine (Astramorph, Avinza, Kadian, Contin, Ora-morph Interactions: Increase CNS depression if taken with alcohol, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants
Oxycodone and Acetaminophen (Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet) Class: Analgesics: Opioids Oxycodone and Acetaminophen (Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits neurotransmitter release to help reduce pain Oxycodone and Acetaminophen (Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet) Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, physical dependence, tolerance Oxycodone and Acetaminophen (Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet) Precautions: Respiratory depression, tolerance, addiction, increased intracranial pressure Oxycodone and Acetaminophen (Percocet, Endocet, Roxicet) Interactions: Increase CNS depression if taken with alcohol, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antidepressants Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Oxecta, Roxicodone) Class: Analgesics: Opioids Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Oxecta, Roxicodone) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits neurotransmitter release to reduce pain Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Oxecta, Roxicodone) Side Effects: Sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression, tolerance, physical dependence Oxycodone (Oxycontin, Oxecta, Roxicodone) Precations: Respiratory depression, tolerance, addiction, increased intracranial pressure
Alcohol, benzos, opioids Phenobarbital (Luminal) Precautions: Assess respiratory depression, drug abuse, and dependence, HIGH FALL RISK Clonazepam (Klonopin) Class: CNS: Benzodiazepine Clonazepam (Klonopin) Mechanism of Action: Inhibits spike, wave formation during absent seizures Clonazepam (Klonopin) Precations: Assess respiratory depression, drug abuse, dependence, no alcohol, HIGH FALL RISK, do not drive, do not operate heavy machinery, caution when taking other CNS depressants Clonazepam (Klonopin) Side Effects: Suicidality, behavioral changes, drowsy, fatigue, slurred speech, sedation, increase secretions, palpitations, constipation, diarrhea, physical dependence, tolerance. Clonazepam (Klonopin) Interactions: Alcohol and other drugs Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Class: CNS: Muscle Relaxant Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Mechanism of Action: Central acting similar to CNS, direct acting on skeletal muscle Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Side Effects:
Drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, constipation, headache Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Precautions: Take at the same time daily, wear an alert tag, do not discontinue abruptly, driving precautions, pregnancy precautions, taper dose Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) Interactions: Increase CNS depression when taken with alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, sedatives Benzodiazepine (Clonazepam) Class: CNS: Antiepileptic Benzodiazepine (Clonazepam) Mechanism of Action: Decreased speed nerve impulse conduction may ne alteration of K, Ca, Na, ions across nerve cells Benzodiazepine (Clonazepam) Side Effects: Mood changes, mental status changes, visual problems, GI upset Benzodiazepine (Clonazepam) Precautions: Take at the same time daily, driving precautions, do not discontinue abruptly, caution in pregnancy Benzodiazepine (Clonazepam) Interactions: Increase CNS depression when taken with alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, sedatives Flumazenil Class: CNS: Antiepileptic
Gabapentin (Neurontin) Class: CNS: Antiepileptic Gabapentin (Neurontin) Mechanism of Action: Decreased speed nerve impulse conduction may be alteration Ca, K, Na ions across nerve cells Gabapentin (Neurontin) Side Effects: Mood changes, mental health changes, visual problems, GI upset Gabapentin (Neurontin) Precautions: Driving precautions, do not discontinue abruptly, take at the same time daily, caution when pregnant Gabapentin (Neurontin) Interactions: Increase CNS depression when taken with alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, sedatives Valproic Acid (Depakote) Class: CNS: Antiepileptic Valproic Acid (Depakote) Mechanism of Action: Decreased speed nerve impulse conduction may be alteration of K, Na, Ca, ions across nerve cells Valproic Acid (Depakote) Side Effects: Mood changes, mental status changes, visual problems, GI upset Valproic Acid (Depakote) Precautions:
Take at the same time daily, driving precautions, caution while pregnant, do not discontinue abruptly Valproic Acid (Depakote) Interactions: Increase CNS depression when taken with alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, sedatives Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Class: CNS: Antiepileptic Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Mechanism of Action: Decreased speed nerve impulse conduction may be alteration in K, Na, Ca ions across nerve cells Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Side Effects: Mood changes, mental status changes, GI upset, visual problems Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Precautions: Driving precautions, caution while pregnant, do not discontinue abruptly, take at the same time daily Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Interactions: Increase CNS depression when taken with alcohol, barbiturates, opiates, sedatives Levodopa-Carbidopa (Sinemet) Class: CNS: Antiparkinsonian Drug Levodopa-Carbidopa (Sinemet) Mechanism of Action: Block excess cholinergic stimulation of neurons in corpus striatum; inhibit overactivity in brain
Block excess cholinergic stimulation of neurons in corpus striatum; inhibit overactivity in brain Selegiline Side Effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation, confusion, drowsiness, disorientation, visual hallucinations Selegiline Precautions: Increase fluid intake, possible dark urine, possible increased sweating, avoid B6, MAO1, do not discontinue abruptly, NO CHEESE Donepezil (Aricept) Class: ANS: Cholinergic drug Donepezil (Aricept) Mechanism of Action: Mimics acetylcholine, binds to cholinergic receptors, increase ACH at receptor sites; inhibits acetylcholinesterase so less ACH is broken down, inhibits enzyme ach-esterase Donepezil (Aricept) Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, convulsion, increased secretions, nausea, vomiting Donepezil (Aricept) Precautions: Assess allergies, GI or GU obstructions, asthma, COPD, CAD, spread meds evenly apart, do not stop abruptly, over dose can cause death Donepezil (Aricept) Interactions: Anticholinergic, antihistamine, other cholinergic drugs Memantine (Namenda) Class: ANS: Cholinergic Drugs
Memantine (Namenda) Mechanism of Action: Mimics acetylcholine, binds to cholinergic receptors, increase ACH at receptor sites; inhibits acetylcholinesterase so less ACH is broken down, inhibits enzyme ach-esterase Memantine (Namenda) Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, convulsion, increased secretions, nausea, vomiting Memantine (Namenda) Precautions: Assess allergies, GI or GU obstructions, asthma, COPD, CAD, spread meds evenly apart, do not stop abruptly, over dose can cause death Memantine (Namenda) Interactions: Anticholinergic, Antihistamine, other cholinergic drugs Atropine Sulfate (Sal-tripine) Class: ANS: Anticholinergic Drug Atropine Sulfate (Sal-tripine) Mechanism of Action: Block or inhibit actions of acetylcholine in the PNS competitive antagonists Atropine Sulfate (Sal-tripine) Precautions: Caution driving, sensitivity to light, chew gum for dry mouth or hard candy, increase fluid intake, avoid high temperatures, report palpitations, confusion; use is contradicted in people with glaucoma b/c it increases intraocular pressure Atropine Sulfate (Sal-tripine) Interactions: Antihistamine, other cholinergic drugs Scopolamine (Hyocine) Class:
Oxybutynin Precautions: Caution driving, sensitivity to light, chew gum or hard candy for dry mouth, increase fluid intake, avoid high temperatures, report palpitations, confusion; use is contradicted in people with glaucoma b/c it increases intraocular pressure Oxybutynin Interactions: Antihistamine, cholinergic drugs Baclofen Class: CNS: Muscle Relaxant Baclofen Mechanism of Action: Central acting similar to CNS, direct acting on skeletal muscle Baclofen Side Effects: Drowsiness, fatigue, weakness, confusion, vertigo, dizziness and insomnia, hypotension and palpitations. Baclofen Precautions: Take at the same time daily, wear an alert tag, do not discontinue abruptly, driving precautions, pregnancy precautions, taper dose Baclofen Interactions: CNS depressants Phenytoin Class: Anticonvulsant
Phenytoin Mechanism of Action: Inhibits the spread of seizure activity in motor cortex by altering ion transport, increases AV conduction Phenytoin Side Effects: Suicidal tendencies, dizziness, insomnia, depression, aggression, headaches, hypotension, bradycardia Phenytoin Precautions: Caution while pregnant, hypersensitivity, bradycardia Phenytoin Interactions: Do not use with delavirdine; decreased response, resistance Lamotrigine Class: Anticonvulsant Lamotrigine Mechanism of Action: Inhibits voltage-sensitive sodium channels, thus decreasing seizures Lamotrigine Side Effects: ataxia, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, blurred vision, abdominal pain, mood changes, irritability, insomnia, depression Lamotrigine Precautions: Caution while pregnant, breastfeeding, geriatric patients, cardiac, renal, hepatic disease, severe depression, suicidal thoughts Bethanechol Class: ANS: Cholinergic Drug
Zolpidem (Ambien) Uses and Side Effects Used for sleep, give it at bedtime-not to late: risk for next morning impairment and sleepwalking; absorbs the best at night time on an empty stomach - do not alter dosage form - avoid tasks that require mental alertness Schedule Five lowest abuse potential; preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotic drugs generally used for antitussive and antidiarrheal properties; Lomotil, Robitussin A-C Schedule Four Abuse potential is less than with Schedule three but administration may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence Receptor Protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response Drug bound to a protein Drug is not available Drug NOT bound to a protein Drug is available
