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NURS 341 OB Exam 3 Latest 2024/
100% Accurate Summer Semester Graded
A Xavier University (200 Questions and
answer)
What is mitosis? cell division that results in exact copies of original cells What is meiosis? special cell division that results in diploids becoming gametes to produce a new organism What is oogenesis? Process of development of the female gamete, the ovum What are signs of cardiovascular problems in newborns? Persistent tachycardia Persistent bradycardia Skin color: pallor, cyanosis
What are 5 major cardiac changes that occur?
- Increased aortic pressure and systemic pressure
- decreased pulmonary artery pressure and venous pressure
- Closure of the foramen ovale
- Closure of the ductus arteriosus
- Closure of the ductus venous T/F: increased neutrophils is consider abnormal False leukocytosis is considered normal What is a normal H&H? 14 - 20 43 - 63%
What is evaporation? loss of heat from water from skin evaporating, Drying is critical and remembering to remove the wet stuff What is conduction? loss of heat to cooler surface, cold hands, cold stethoscopes, cold surfaces T/F: you should not feel a baby's liver False very large 1-2cm below ribs Which babies are at risk for hypoglycemia? Big babies and babies from diabetic moms What are signs of hypoglycemia? sleepy, jittery, and not wanting to eat
Blood glucose less than 45 T/F: women are born with all their ova True When does meiosis for females begin? Before birth, then arrested and started again at puberty What is spermatogenesis? production of sperm What is it called when a sperm and ovum come together? Zygote Where does fertilization take place? ampulla of fallopian tube
What helps the sperm get into the egg? Acrosome T/F: additional sperm can enter the egg False sperm blocked by zone pellucida or zona reaction When is the sex of the zygote determined? Fertilization XX = female XY = male determined by sperm When does the fertilized egg make it to the uterus? Day 6 What is the trophoblast?
outer layer of cells that give way to the placenta What is the embryoblast? inner cells that become the fetus What is a dizygotic twin? two ova fertilized by two sperm will have fraternal twins What is a monozygotic twin? Single ova splits in two Will have identical twins What forms from the ectoderm? forms epidermis, glands, nails, hair, CNS, lens of eye, tooth enamel, floor of amniotic cavity
(3) permit symmetric growth and development (4) prevent adherence to the amnion (5) allows cord to be free from compression (6) provide fluid for analysis to determine fetal health T/F: Amniotic fluid is acidic False It is alkaline What is the normal range for the amount of amniotic fluid? 700 - 1000 T/F: the veins of the umbilical cord carry in oxygen and the two arteries take away the deoxygenated blood True How soon is maternal-placental-embryonic circulation developed?
Day 17 Which side of the placenta is closest to mom? Dirty Duncan red and fleshy Which side of the placenta is closest to baby? Shiny Schultz shiny and grey What is the purpose of hCG? Preserves function of ovarian corpus luteum which supplies needed estrogen and progesterone which is needed to maintain the pregnancy. Miscarriage can occur if corpus luteum stops functioning before the placenta fully takes over supplying estrogen and progesterone.
9 calendar months 40 - 42 weeks When do fetal organs start to be seen? 5 weeks How does blood flow through a fetal heart? ductus venous --> inferior vena cava --> right atrium--> foramen ovale--> left atrium--> left ventricle What is the ductus arteriosus? vessel a growing fetus has that connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta if blood gets into the right ventricle instead of going to the lungs the blood goes to the body
What is the ductus venosus? connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava What is the foramen ovale? An opening between the right and left atria to bypass the lungs T/F: fetal hemoglobin carries more oxygen than maternal hemoglobin True What happens during week 28? (a) Testes begin to descend (b) Lungs structurally mature (c) Eyes reopen What happens during week 32?
What are alleles? Genes on chromosomes that code for different forms or variations of same trait (ex: Hair color) What is a euploid cell? this is the normal corect number of chromosomes What does polyploidy mean? extra exact copies of a chromosome What does aneuploidy mean? deviation but not exact multiple of haploid set What does monosomy mean?
missing a chromosome What does trisomy mean? extra chromosome What is trisomy 21? 18? 13? 21 - Down Syndome 18 - Edward 13 - Patau Syndome What is translocation? exchange of chromosomal material between 2 chromosomes What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced translocation? balanced-parts of two chromosomes exchanged equally, phenotype normal, just rearranged material
Many miscarry. What is Klinefelter syndrome? Extra X (XXY) Males poorly developed secondary characteristics, often infertile, tall, slow to learn What does autosomal dominant mean?? only one copy is needed for it to be expressed usually seen in multiple generations with no skipping An affected parent who is heterozygous for the trait has a 50% chance of passing to offspring, can be passed to male or female What does autosomal recessive mean?
Heterozygous individuals only have one variant allele so are carriers of the recessive trait, both parents must be carriers for 25% chance of occurrence in offspring, seen in one or more siblings, not in generations, male and female equally affected If one parent is homozygous and other is heterozygous, reoccurrence risk is 50%. If both parents have disease, all their children will. What does Xlinked dominant mean? occurs in both males and females but females less severely affected females more likely to transmit to offspring, 50% transmission to offspring, often lethal to males Examples: Vitamin D Rickets, Rett syndrome What does Xlinked recessive mean? Female carriers have 50% chance of transmitting to offspring. Affected male can pass to daughters but not to sons. Daughters can be carriers, only affected if both mother and father are carriers. What gene is connected to breast cancer? BRCA 1 or 2
