Population Health Q & A w/ Rationales, Exams of Nursing

Download Population Health Q & A w/ Rationales and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NURS 460

Population Health

Q & A w/ Rationales

A:

1. A nurse is conducting a community health assessment in a rural area of a low-income country. She notices that many children under the age of five are suffering from malnutrition, diarrhea, and respiratory infections. What is the most likely cause of these health problems? a) Lack of access to clean water and sanitation b) Lack of immunization and preventive care c) Lack of education and awareness d) All of the above * Rationale: All of these factors contribute to the high burden of disease among children in low-resource settings. Lack of access to clean water and sanitation increases the risk of waterborne and fecal-oral diseases, such as diarrhea and cholera. Lack of immunization and preventive care exposes children to vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles and polio. Lack of education and awareness limits the adoption of healthy behaviors, such as breastfeeding, handwashing, and seeking timely care.
2. A nurse is working with a refugee population that has recently arrived in a high-income country. She observes that many refugees are experiencing mental health issues, such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). What are some of the factors that influence the mental health of refugees? a) Pre-migration experiences, such as violence, persecution, and displacement

PPH. Tranexamic acid prevents clot breakdown, which can worsen bleeding. NASG stabilizes hemodynamics and buys time for definitive treatment.

4. A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the social determinants of health (SDOH), which are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. She asks them to identify some examples of SDOH from a list of factors. Which factors are examples of SDOH? a) Income and social status * b) Genetic makeup c) Health behaviors d) Health services * Rationale: Income and social status are examples of SDOH because they affect the access and quality of resources and opportunities that influence health outcomes. Health services are also examples of SDOH because they reflect the availability and accessibility of health care systems and policies. Genetic makeup and health behaviors are not examples of SDOH because they are more related to individual characteristics than social conditions.
5. A nurse is evaluating the impact of a community-based intervention that aims to improve the nutrition status of pregnant women in a low-income country. She uses a set of indicators to measure the changes in the outcomes of interest. Which indicators are appropriate for measuring nutrition status? a) Body mass index (BMI), which is a measure of weight

relative to height b) Hemoglobin level, which is a measure of iron status and anemia c) Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), which is a measure of muscle mass and wasting d) All of the above * Rationale: All of these indicators are valid and reliable measures of nutrition status in pregnant women. BMI reflects the overall energy balance and nutritional adequacy. Hemoglobin level indicates the risk of iron deficiency and anemia, which can affect maternal and fetal health. MUAC assesses the degree of undernutrition and wasting, which can increase the risk of infection and mortality. B: Question 1: Which of the following best defines population health? a) The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group b) The study of the spread of diseases within a specific population c) The treatment of individuals within a community d) The implementation of healthcare policies at a national level Answer: a) The health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes within the group

Answer: b) Addressing health issues that transcend national boundaries Rationale: Global population health focuses on addressing health issues that transcend national boundaries, such as infectious diseases, environmental health, and the impact of globalization on health. Question 4: Which of the following interventions is an example of primary prevention in population health? a) Administering flu vaccines to elderly individuals b) Providing rehabilitation services to stroke survivors c) Implementing smoking cessation programs d) Promoting healthy eating habits in schools Answer: d) Promoting healthy eating habits in schools Rationale: Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of disease or injury. Promoting healthy eating habits in schools is an example of a primary prevention intervention aimed at reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Question 5: What is the main goal of community-based participatory research (CBPR) in population health? a) Conducting clinical trials for new medications b) Engaging community members in the research process c) Developing healthcare policies at the national level

d) Analyzing population health data Answer: b) Engaging community members in the research process Rationale: CBPR aims to involve community members in all aspects of the research process, from identifying research questions to disseminating findings, with the goal of improving community health and reducing health disparities. Question 6: Which of the following is a key principle of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion? a) Providing universal healthcare coverage b) Empowering individuals and communities c) Implementing mandatory vaccination programs d) Enforcing strict regulations on tobacco sales Answer: b) Empowering individuals and communities Rationale: The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion emphasizes the importance of empowering individuals and communities to take control of their health by addressing the determinants of health. Question 7: What is the role of epidemiology in population health? a) Providing direct patient care in clinical settings b) Studying the distribution and determinants of health and

a) It focuses on individual-level interventions b) It emphasizes the influence of social and environmental factors on health c) It promotes the use of pharmaceutical interventions d) It prioritizes genetic research in healthcare Answer: b) It emphasizes the influence of social and environmental factors on health Rationale: The social-ecological model recognizes the complex interplay between individual, interpersonal, community, and societal factors that influence health and well-being. Question 10: Which of the following best describes the concept of health equity? a) Ensuring equal distribution of healthcare resources b) Providing specialized healthcare services to high-risk individuals c) Eliminating health disparities and improving health for all groups d) Focusing on individual responsibility for health outcomes Answer: c) Eliminating health disparities and improving health for all groups Rationale: Health equity involves ensuring that all individuals have the opportunity to attain their highest level

of health, with a focus on addressing disparities and barriers to good health. Question 11: What is the primary focus of the World Health Organization (WHO) in promoting global population health? a) Providing emergency medical relief in conflict zones b) Setting international standards for pharmaceuticals c) Addressing public health emergencies and infectious diseases d) Conducting clinical trials for new medical treatments Answer: c) Addressing public health emergencies and infectious diseases Rationale: The WHO plays a key role in addressing public health emergencies, coordinating responses to infectious diseases, and promoting global health security. Question 12: Which of the following interventions is an example of tertiary prevention in population health? a) Implementing workplace safety programs b) Providing rehabilitation services to individuals with disabilities c) Promoting physical activity in schools d) Conducting cancer screenings for early detection Answer: b) Providing rehabilitation services to individuals

Answer: d) Socioeconomic status Rationale: Health disparities are often driven by socioeconomic factors, including income, education, employment, and access to resources and opportunities. Question 15: What is the role of public health nursing in addressing population health? a) Providing direct medical care to individuals in clinical settings b) Conducting genetic research to identify disease risk factors c) Engaging in community health promotion and disease prevention d) Managing pharmaceutical interventions in healthcare facilities Answer: c) Engaging in community health promotion and disease prevention Rationale: Public health nursing focuses on promoting and protecting the health of populations through community- based interventions, health promotion, and disease prevention efforts. C:

1. Which of the following best defines the concept of

population health? A. The study of individual health behaviors B. The management of healthcare services for the entire population C. The approach that focuses on improving health outcomes for a specific group D. The assessment and improvement of health outcomes for a defined population Answer: D Rationale: Population health refers to the assessment, management, and improvement of health outcomes for a specific population. It focuses on understanding and addressing various factors that influence health, including social, economic, and environmental determinants.

2. What is the primary goal of population health interventions? A. To reduce healthcare costs B. To increase life expectancy C. To improve the health status of a population D. To control infectious diseases Answer: C Rationale: The primary goal of population health interventions is to improve the health status of a specific population. This includes addressing disparities, promoting health equity, and enhancing overall well-being.

while local population health emphasizes disease prevention. Answer: C Rationale: Global population health encompasses health issues that affect populations worldwide, considering the interconnections between different communities and regions. Local population health, on the other hand, focuses on specific populations within a defined geographic area or community.

5. Which of the following is considered a social determinant of health in population health? A. Genetic predisposition B. Access to healthcare C. Personal behaviors D. Age Answer: B Rationale: Social determinants of health refer to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. Access to healthcare is an important social determinant that greatly influences health outcomes and equity within a population.
6. How can population health initiatives effectively address health disparities? A. By providing individualized healthcare plans for each

person in a population B. By implementing policies that restrict access to high- cost services C. By focusing on preventive healthcare measures and early interventions D. By promoting lifestyle changes only for individuals at high risk of diseases Answer: C Rationale: Population health initiatives that focus on preventive healthcare measures and early interventions can effectively address health disparities. By promoting health education, early detection, and timely interventions, these initiatives can help prevent the development of diseases and reduce disparities based on various factors.

7. Which of the following is an example of a global health issue? A. High obesity rates among adolescents in a specific local community B. Outbreak of a contagious disease in a developing country C. Increasing rates of opioid abuse in a particular state D. Limited access to mental health services within a specific region Answer: B Rationale: A global health issue refers to a condition or situation that affects populations across different countries

Answer: B Rationale: Conducting epidemiological studies and surveys is a common strategy to assess the health needs of a specific population. These studies collect data on various health indicators, identify health disparities, and help healthcare professionals develop targeted interventions.

10. What is the purpose of health promotion in population health? A. To increase healthcare service utilization B. To reduce healthcare costs C. To prevent diseases and improve overall well-being D. To provide access to advanced medical technologies Answer: C Rationale: Health promotion aims to prevent diseases and improve overall well-being within a population. It focuses on encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviors, raising awareness about preventive measures, and empowering individuals to take control of their health.
11. Which statement accurately describes the impact of population health on healthcare systems? A. Population health reduces the need for healthcare systems by eliminating all health-related issues in a population. B. Population health focuses solely on individual health

outcomes and does not affect healthcare systems. C. Population health leads to more efficient healthcare systems by addressing health issues at their root causes. D. Population health initiatives increase healthcare costs by providing specialized services to targeted populations. Answer: C Rationale: Population health initiatives aim to address health issues at their root causes, leading to more efficient healthcare systems. By promoting preventive measures and early interventions, population health can help reduce the burden on healthcare systems, preventing costly hospital admissions and treatments.

12. Which factor significantly impacts the success of population health interventions? A. The availability of advanced medical technologies B. Government funding for healthcare programs C. Active community engagement and participation D. The geographical size of the population Answer: C Rationale: Active community engagement and participation are essential for the success of population health interventions. By involving community members in the planning and implementation of interventions, the initiatives can be designed to meet the specific needs and preferences of the population, increasing the likelihood of success.