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A comprehensive list of questions and answers related to neurological assessment, covering various aspects such as sensory examination, reflexes, motor function, and neurological disorders. It serves as a valuable resource for students studying neurological concepts and preparing for exams.
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Nurs 7310 - Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions A&O x3 Correct Answers alert and oriented to person, place, and time Above Umbilicus/ Below Umbilicus - Superficial Cutaneous Reflex Correct Answers Localized contraction causing umbilicus to move toward stimulus Alert Correct Answers Completely awake; attentive to normal levels of stimulation, able to interact meaningfully Anterolateral Spinothalamic Correct Answers Initiates self- protective reactions and responds to stimuli that are potentially harmful in nature Attention Correct Answers selective awareness of the environment or responsiveness to a stimulus or task without being distracted by other stimuli Basal Ganglia Lesion causes deficits in what 2 areas Correct Answers tone and movement Calculation ability Correct Answers Foundational mathematical abilities Cerebellar Lesion causes deficits in what 3 things Correct Answers coordination, tone, and strength Clasp-Knife Response Correct Answers initial high resistance may be followed by a sudden inhibition of the limb
CN I Function Correct Answers Smell CN II Correct Answers Examine visual acuity (Snellen Eye Chart) and Contralateral pupil constriction CN III, IV, and VI Correct Answers PERRLA; Lateral eye movement; Eye Convergence CN IX Correct Answers Taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue; gag reflex CN V Correct Answers Sensory tests of face; open and close jaw against resistance; jaw jerk reflex CN VII Correct Answers anterior 2/3rds taste, saliva and tear production CN VIII Correct Answers Weber Test; Rinne Test: Rubs fingers together CN X Correct Answers Examine swallowing CN XI Correct Answers Examine strength of SCM and trapezius CN XII Correct Answers Lateral excursion of tongue Cognition Correct Answers the process of knowing and includes both awareness and judgement
Decreased DTR reflex indicates what type of lesion? Correct Answers LMN Deep Sensation (Proprioceptors) Correct Answers Receive stimuli from muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and fascia - vibration, movement awareness Describe Double Simultaneous Stimulation Correct Answers Simultaneously touch two areas on each side of the body. Similar sensations should be felt bilaterally. Describe how to examine attention Correct Answers Ask pt to repeat items on a progressively more challenging list - spell words backwards Describe stereognosis Correct Answers Ability to identify objects through touch Describe tactile localization Correct Answers Ability to correctly identify location of light touch Disuse Atrophy Correct Answers Evident after periods of inactivity; generally widespread and affects anti-gravity muscles DTR C5 Correct Answers Biceps Brachii DTR C6 Correct Answers Brachioradialis DTR C7 Correct Answers Triceps DTR L4 Correct Answers Patellar
DTR S1 Correct Answers Achilles Dystonia Correct Answers a prolonged involuntary movement disorder characterized by twisting repetitive movements and increased muscular tone Extinction Phenomenon Correct Answers Occurs when assessing a distal and proximal area - distal area is unable to be felt Face Validity Correct Answers extent to which respondents can tell what the items are measuring Fatigue Correct Answers overwhelming and sustained sense of exhaustion and decreased capacity for physical and mental work Feedback control Correct Answers uses sensory information received DURING movement to monitor and adjust output Feedforward Correct Answers a PROACTIVE strategy that uses sensory information obtained from experience Focal Dystonia Correct Answers affects one part of the body Fund-of Knowledge Correct Answers Sum of an individuals learning and experience in life Hypotonia - Flaccidity Correct Answers abnormally low tone or absent muscular tone
Muscle Endurance Correct Answers sustain forces to generate forces repeatedly over time Muscle Performance Correct Answers the capacity of muscles to generate force Muscle Power Correct Answers the work produced per unit of time - strength and speed Muscle Strength Correct Answers the force exerted by muscles to overcome a resistance Name all functions of the DCML pathway Correct Answers Touch & pressure sensations, vibrations, movement, position sense, and awareness of joints at rest Name all functions of the spinothalamic pathway Correct Answers Pain, temp, crude touch, tickle, itch, and sexual sensations Name the 4 clinical indication for a sensory examination Correct Answers Risk factors, pathology, impairments, activity limitations & participation restrictions Neurogenic Atrophy Correct Answers Accompanies LMN injuries; Rapid onset; Distribution is segmental or focal Obtunded Correct Answers Difficult to arouse, constant stimulation to maintain consciousness, confused when awake, unproductive interactions
Paresis Correct Answers weakness Plantar Reflex - Superficial Cutaneous Reflex Correct Answers Babinski (S1,S2) Plegia Correct Answers complete loss of muscle strength Proverb Interpretation Correct Answers Interpret use of words outside of their usual context or meaning Rigidity - Hypertonia Correct Answers a state characterized by stiffness and resistance to movement that is independent of velocity of movement Rigidity is associated with lesions where in the brain? Correct Answers Basal Ganglia Segmental Dystonia Correct Answers affects two or more adjacent areas Sensory Integration Correct Answers the ability of the brain to organize, interpret, and use sensory information Short-Term Memory Correct Answers Providing the pt a series of words or numbers to remember and repeat back in 5 minutes Spasticity - Hypertonicity Correct Answers a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone with increased resistance to stretch
T/F: Spasticity does not vary Correct Answers False - it can vary in presentation from morning to afternoon, day to day, or hour to hour The ______ of sensory impairment is critical for establishing a PT diagnosis and prognosis Correct Answers pattern Tremor, bradykinesia, and loss of postural stability are all characteristics of what disease? Correct Answers Parkinson's What are the 2 primary roles of sensation in movement? Correct Answers 1. Guide selection for motor responses
What exam is used to test pain perception? Correct Answers Sharp/Dull What exam is used to test pressure perception? Correct Answers Crude touch (pressure into skin with finger) What exam is used to test temp awareness? Correct Answers Hot/Cold What exam is used to test touch awareness? Correct Answers Light Touch (cotton ball or finger) What scale is known as the gold standard to assess muscle spasticity? Correct Answers Modified Ashworth Scale What scale is used to measure spasticity to help address the speed of the limb? Correct Answers Tardieu Scale What type of awareness is attention? Correct Answers Selective Where would a lesion occur to cause decerebrate rigidity? Correct Answers Corticospinal lesion in the brainstem Where would a lesion occur to cause decorticate rigidity? Correct Answers Corticospinal tract at the level of the diencephalon Which spinal pathway consists of fast-conducting fibers of large diameter with greater myelination? Correct Answers DCML