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NURS 7310 Quiz 1 Questions With Complete Solutions EBP •Practice based on the best available evidence, patient preferences, and clinical judgment (Schmidt) •Life long problem-solving approach to clinical practice (Melnyk et al.) **it integrates the best available evidence and the clinical expertise of the interprofessional team together with patient and family preferences to facilitate decision making and optimal outcomes Patient preferences and values Clinical expertise Best evidence What are the 3 things that make a clinical decision •0. Cultivate a spirit of inquiry within an evidence based practice culture and environment •1. Ask clinical question in PICOT format (we'll cover soon!) •2. Search for and collect the most relevant best evidence •3. Critically appraise the evidence •4. Integrate the best evidence with one's clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values in making a practice decision or change •5. Evaluate outcomes of the practice decision or change based
on evidence •6. Disseminate the outcomes of the EBP decision or change List the steps of EBP Cultivating Asks by Searching Critically by Integrating and Evaluating Disseminations BEST EVIDENCE includes empirical evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCT); evidence from other scientific methods such as descriptive and qualitative research; as well as use of information from case reports, scientific principles, and expert opinions Meta analysis, Systematic review of RCT, current practice guidelines Level 1 on evidence hierarchy Research is the generation of evidence or knowledge (starting from scratch) •Systematic inquiry that relies on disciplined methods to answer questions or solve problems •Usually follows a certain, set guideline (problem, hypothesis, method, results) •Leads to NEW knowledge and/or solutions to problems or questions
Basically the blueprint for how the study will be carried out and organized. Pay attention to a study's research design, as it will be important as you assess the evidence RCT Level 2 on evidence hierarchy Controlled trials without randomization (quasi-experimental) Level 3 on evidence hierarchy cohort studies and case-controlled studies Level 4 on evidence hierarchy systematic review of descriptive studies, systematic review of qualitative studies (meta-synthesis) and correlational studies Level 5 on evidence hierarchy single descriptive studies, single qualitative studies, case series studies, case reports, concept analysis Level 6 on evidence hierarchy opinion of authorities, reports of expert committees, manufacture's recommendations, traditionally literature reviews Level 7 on evidence hierarchy Descriptive Studies (Quantitative) •Describe, observe, or document a phenomenon. •Also can be used when it is undesirable or unethical to
manipulate or impose a treatment on a group •Can serve as a foundation for developing hypotheses or testing a theory •Example- In adults with type 2 diabetes, what are the most common physical comorbidities? •NO experimental group or manipulation of variables independent variable The variable that is being changed dependent variable The outcome factor; the variable that may change Correlational Study (Quantitative) •Used to describe a RELATIONSHIP between variables (does NOT establish cause and effect) •For example- correlation between increased rates of sedentary behavior and increased use of social media in college students •CANNOT say that using more social media causes sedentary behavior, can ONLY say that there is a relationship between the two, or, as 1 increases, so does the other •Useful in describing relationships between variables quasi-experimental design (quantitative) •Similar to Experimental, except there is no randomization of the participants into different groups, and there is no control group
psychological problem but also a core variable that is central to explaining what is going on in that social scene Phenomenology (qualitative) •Concerned with the lived experiences of humans •An approach that examines what life experiences are for people and what they mean Ethnography (Qualitative) •Primary research tradition in anthropology •Provides a framework for studying the patterns, lifeways, and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic manner •Researchers typically engaged in extensive field work, often participate in the life of the culture under study •Culture can be broad (Syrian refugee communities) or focused (culture of a specific ICU) •Researchers strive to learn from members of a cultural group, to understand their world view, and to describe their customs and norms meta-analytic study (quantitative) •Incorporates quantitative methods to compare the results from multiple studies •Generates an overall summary statistic that represents the effect of the intervention across multiple studies Metasynthesis (Qualitative)
•A rigorous process of analyzing findings across qualitative studies. The results address a specific research question and are obtained through the synthesis of qualitative studies •Allows researchers to find a "greater" or "deeper" meaning through interpreting the qualitative data scoping reviews •A type of review that aims to map the current literature on a current topic or research area and provide an opportunity to identify key concepts, gaps, etc. Umbrella reviews A review of reviews- integrates findings from multiple reviews Rapid reviews Are done quickly, do not involve statistical integration, and involve a less rigorous search for available evidence (maybe only 1 database)
