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NURS EXAM 1 | BLOOD AND RELATED DISEASES QUIZZES WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS 2023 - 2024 GRADED A
The nurse is caring for some clients with chronic anemia who are on blood
transfusion therapy. The nurse notices that one of the clients requires
immediate treatment. Which client is the nurse addressing in this situation?
Client with itching
Client with
flushing Client
with pruritus
Client with
wheezing
The nurse observes that a client with sickle cell anemia and on a blood
transfusion regimen has cardiac dysrhythmias due to iron overdose
toxicity. Which medication is most beneficial to this client?
Deferasirox
Deferiprone
Deferoxamine
Ferrous
gluconate
Which type of immune preparation, made from donated blood, contains
antibodies that provide passive immunity?
Toxoid
Killed vaccine
Live attenuated
vaccine Specific
immune globin
Arrange the sequence of steps required to stimulate antibody-mediated
immunity in its correct sequence.
1. Exposure of antigen
2. Antigen recognition
3. Sensitization
4. Antibody production
5. Antigen elimination
Urticaria
A drug reaction
Atopic dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis
A nurse is caring for a client with pruritic lesions from an IgE-mediated
hypersensitivity reaction. Which mediator of injury is involved?
Histamine
Cytokine
Neutrophil
Macrophag
e
A client is admitted with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The laboratory
report shows the presence of neutrophils and monocytes as mediators of
injury. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction most likely occurred in the
client?
Type I
Type II
Type
III
Type
IV
A client presents with sneezing; lacrimation; swelling with an airway
obstruction; and pruritus around the eyes, nose, throat, and mouth. The
nurse interprets these findings as a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. Which
disease might have occurred in the client?
Angioedema
Allergic rhinitis
Contact
dermatitis
A client has received ABO-incompatible blood from a donor by mistake.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction will occur in the client?
Type I
Type II
Type
III
Type
IV
The nurse is caring for some clients with chronic anemia who are on blood
transfusion therapy. The nurse notices that one of the clients requires
immediate treatment. Which client is the nurse addressing in this situation?
Client with itching
Client with
flushing Client
with pruritus
Client with
wheezing
While caring for a client receiving blood transfusion care, the nurse notices
that the client is having an acute hemolytic reaction. What is the priority
nursing intervention in this situation?
Report to the primary healthcare
provider Stop the blood transfusion
immediately
Recheck identifying tags and numbers on the
client Maintain a patent intravenous (IV) line with
saline solution
The nurse is preparing a blood transfusion for a client with renal failure.
Why does anemia often complicate renal failure?
Increase in blood pressure
Decrease in erythropoietin
Increase in serum phosphate
levels
Decrease in serum sodium concentration
- Reduce the flow rate of the transfusion
- Administer furosemide (Lasix) per provider prescription 5. Document findings in the client record
A prescribed blood transfusion of packed red blood cells was started five minutes ago. Now the client is complaining of chest pain, flank pain, difficulty breathing, and chills. The blood pressure has dropped from 140/88 to 110/60 mm Hg, temperature is 100.8° F (38.2° C), and the client seems less alert. What should the nurse suspect?
Urticarial reaction
Hemolytic reaction
Circulatory overload
Anaphylactic reaction
A client who is about to have a blood transfusion asks the nurse, "Which type of hepatitis is most frequently transmitted thru food?" The nurse should respond, "The type of hepatitis associated with food is hepatitis:
A
B
C
D
The nurse is teaching a client who is prescribed iron supplements for iron-deficiency anemia. Which food should the nurse encourage the patient to take to enhance absorption of iron?
Cereal
Spinach
Whole milk
Orange Juice
A nurse is assessing a client with a diagnosis of kidney failure for clinical indicators of metabolic acidosis. What should the nurse conclude is the reason metabolic acidosis develops with kidney failure?
Inability of the renal tubules to secrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate
Depressed respiratory rate due to metabolic wastes, causing carbon dioxide retention
Inability of the renal tubules to reabsorb water to dilute the acid contents of blood
Impaired glomerular filtration, causing retention of sodium and metabolic waste
products
A client presents with gastric pain, vomiting, dehydration, weakness, lethargy, and shallow respirations. Laboratory results indicate metabolic alkalosis. The diagnosis of gastric ulcer has been made. What is the primary nursing concern?
Chronic pain
Risk for injury
Electrolyte imbalance
Inadequate gas exchange
Which medication requires the nurse to monitor the client for signs of hyperkalemia?
Furosemide
Spironolactone
Metolazone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Which hormone synthesis does the nurse state is inhibited by hypokalemia?
Aldosterone
Norepinehrine
Somatostatin
Androstenedione
Findings on a client's cardiac monitor indicate a need for an intravenous infusion that contains potassium for a client with hypokalemia. The nurse concludes that what finding on the monitor indicated a need for potassium replacement?
Elevation of the ST segment
Lowering of the T wave
Shortening of the QRS complex
Increased deflection of the Q wave
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of dehydration and hypokalemia. Which statement/intervention is most accurate when administering potassium chloride intravenously to this client with hypokalemia?
Rapid infusion of potassium prevents burning at the IV site.
Oliguria is an indication for withholding intravenous (IV) potassium
Clients with severe deficits should be given IV push potassium.
Average IV dosage of potassium should not exceed 60 mEq in one hour.
A client reports nausea, vomiting, and seeing a yellow light around objects. A diagnosis of hypokalemia is made. Upon a review of the client's prescribed medication list, the nurse determines that what is the likely cause of the clinical findings?
Furosemide (Lasix)
Propranolol (Inderal)
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Which assessment finding in a client signifies a mild form of hypocalcemia?
Seizures
Hand spasms
Numbness around the mouth
Severe muscle cramps
A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse regarding the interventions for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which statement by the student nurse indicates the nurse needs to follow up?
“I will ask the client to avoid exposure to new infectious agents."
"I will ask the client about intake of vitamins and micronutrients."
"I will ask the client to avoid involvement in community
activities."
"I will ask the client if he or she is up to date with recommended vaccines."
A nurse is educating a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about self-management. Which suggestion by the nurse benefits the client?
"Limit your daily fluid intake
"Rinse your mouth with normal saline after every meal."
"Eat more roughage."
"Maintain a 4-to-5-hour gap in between meals."
The registered nurse instructs the nursing student about caring for a hospitalized client with a human immunodeficiency (HIV) infection. Which action made by the nursing student indicates effective learning?
Keeping fresh flowers in the client’s room
Encouraging the client to eat fresh fruits and vegetables
Keeping a dedicated disposable glove box in the client’s room
Changing gauze-containing wound dressings every other day
Which is the most common opportunistic infection in a client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Oropharyngeal candidiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
Toxoplasmosis encephalitis
A circulating nurse in the operating room learns of being HIV positive. What should this nurse do regarding participation in exposure-prone procedures?
Adhere to standard precautions at all times
Avoid handling equipment used in direct client care
Discuss procedures that can be performed with a review panel
Disinfect all equipment used for non-invasive procedures
A client comes to the clinic for a physical and asks to be tested for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which test should the nurse explain will be used for the initial screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
CD4 T cell count
Western blot test
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Polymerase chain reaction test
The nurse is caring for a client with the following arterial blood gas (ABG) values: PO2 89 mm Hg, PCO2 35 mm Hg, and pH of 7.37. These findings indicate that the client is experiencing which condition?
Respiratory alkalosis
Normal acid-base balance
Poor oxygen perfusion
Compensated metabolic acidosis
When monitoring fluids and electrolytes, the nurse recalls that the major cation-regulating intracellular osmolarity is what?
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Calcitonin
The nurse is preparing to insert an intravenous catheter in a thin, emaciated patient who is scheduled to begin intravenous fluid therapy. Which interventions should the nurse follow to provide high-quality care? Select all that apply.
Insert an 18-guage IV catheter
Change the intravenous line every 7 days
Flush the intravenous line with normal saline
Insert the intravenous catheter in the patient’s femur
A nurse has received a report on a client being admitted with anemia who requires a blood transfusion. The nurse will anticipate which assessment findings? Select all that apply.
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Headache
Diaphoresis
Bounding Peripheral pulses
QUIZ#
What is a nursing priority to prevent complications in clients with respiratory acidosis?
Assessing the nail beds
Listening to breath sounds
Monitoring breathing status
Checking muscle contractions
The nurse is assessing a client's arterial blood gases and determines that the client is in compensated respiratory acidosis. The pH value is 7.34; which other result helped the nurse reach this conclusion?
PO2 value is 80 mm Hg
PCO2 value is 60 mm Hg
HCO3 value is 50 mEq/L (50 mmol/L)
Serum potassium level is 4 mEq/L
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of restrictive airway disease. The nurse expects the client to exhibit which early signs of respiratory acidosis? Select all that apply.
Headache
Irritability
Restlessness
Hypertension
Lightheadedness
A client with a history of emphysema is admitted with a diagnosis of acute respiratory failure with respiratory acidosis. Oxygen is being administered at 3 L/min nasal cannula. Four hours after admission, the client has increased restlessness and confusion followed by a decreased respiratory rate and lethargy. What should the nurse do?
Question the client about the confusion
Change the method of oxygen therapy
Percuss and vibrate the client’s chest wall
Discontinue or decrease the oxygen flow rate
To determine the presence of respiratory alkalosis in a client, what should the nurse evaluate for?
A change in the respiratory
A tingling sensation in the hands
Periodic changes in heart rate
A pulse oximetry reading of less than 98%
A client develops respiratory alkalosis. When the nurse is reviewing the laboratory results, which finding is consistent with respiratory alkalosis?
An elevated pH, elevated PCO
A decreased pH, elevated PCO
An elevated pH, decreased PCO
A decreased pH, decreased PCO
