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Nursing Arts Finals Review
How values influence patient care - Answer-values influence behaviour on the basis of the conviction that a certain action is correct in a certain situation. They reflect cultural and social influences, relationships and personal needs. Understanding your own values, you will become more sensitive to the values of others VONS - Answer-Signified a professional standard of education for Canadian nurses that recognized the need not only for altruism and compassion but also for nursing knowledge. National council of Women under the presidency of Lady Ishbel Aberdeen, wife of the governor general of Canada, approved formation of VON in 1898 ALTRUISM - Answer-or selflessness is the principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others. 3 PURPOSES FOR LICENSING LAWS ARE: - Answer-Set scope of practice and protect title of nurse (both permissive legislation) and protect the public against unqualified incompetent practice (licensure law) vulnerable population - Answer-those likely to develop health problems as a result of excessive risks, who experience barriers when trying to access health care services, or who are dependent on others for care harm reduction programs - Answer-important but controversial approach to health promotion that is based on user input and demand, compassionate pragmatism and commitment to offer alternatives to reduce risk behavior consequences, to accept alternatives to abstinence, and to reduce barriers to treatment by providing user-friendly access (ie. Needle exchange programs)
roles and functions of the community health nurse - Answer-health promotion, disease and injury prevention, health protection, health surveillance, population health assessment, and emergency preparedness and response thru Communication, facilitation, leadership. Advocacy, consultation, team building and collaboration, building capacity, build coalitions and networks, outreach, resource management, planning and coordination, case management, care/counselling, referral and follow-up, screening, surveillance, health threat response, heath education, community development, policy development and implementation, and research and evaluation. Informed consent - Answer-consent to treatment on the basis of accurate and complete information to protect the patient's autonomy. Futile care - Answer-a medical treatment that is considered impossible or unlikely to achieve its therapeutic goal. Only the patient or people who know the patient best can determine whether the treatment is advancing the patients overall well-being. advanced directives - Answer-a living will, or a proxy decision maker. Addresses Futile Care. Hydration withdrawal - Answer-Withdrawals of food and hydration is only appropriate to withhold or discontinue life-sustaining medical interventions if they are not beneficial, and force feeding a patient may do more harm than good. Moral distress - Answer-nurse has to put aside feelings because dr. makes calls moral integrity (wholeness), moral residue (allow themselves to be compromised) Whistle Blower - Answer-obligation to report colleague errors, incompetence, unsafe or negligent practice Bioethics - Answer-general term for principled reasoning across health care professions. It is obligation based, outcome oriented, and based on reason.
spiritual and religious beliefs, socioeconomic class, sexual orientation, age, group history, geographic origin and education RIGHT TASK - Answer-one that can be delegated for a specific patient such as tasks that are repetitive, require little supervision, and relatively non-invasive; RIGHT CIRCUMSTANCES - Answer-appropriate patient setting, available resources and other relevant factors are considered RIGHT PERSON - Answer-the right person (nurse) is delegating the right tasks to the right person (Aide) to be RIGHT DIRECTION or COMMUNICATION - Answer-a clear, concise description of the task, including its objective, limits and expectations, is given. Communication must be ongoing during shift of care RIGHT SUPERVISION - Answer-Appropriate monitoring, evaluation, intervention as needed, and feedback are provided. Aides should feel comfortable asking questions and seeking assistance. HIGH PRIORITY (first order) - Answer-an immediate threat to a patients survival or safety INTERMEDIATE PRIORITY (second order) - Answer-nonemergency, non-life-threatening actual or potential needs that the patient and family members are experiencing LOW PRIORITY (third order) - Answer-actual or potential problems that may or may not be directly related to the acute phase of the patients health challenge. This means they are not as time sensitive; however, they should be viewed as important to health outcomes over the slightly longer term. AUTONOMY - Answer-is the freedom of choice and responsibility for choices.
AUTHORITY - Answer-the right to act in areas in which a nurse has been given and accepts the responsibility according to legislation, standards, and the code of ethics governing the professional practice of nursing. RESPONSIBILITY - Answer-the duties and activities that an individual is employed to perform. ACCOUNTABILITY - Answer-being answerable for ones actions. 24-hour clock - Answer-2400/0000, 0100, 0200, 0300, 0400, 0500, 0600, 0700, 0800, 0900, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300 DARP - Answer-DATA, ACTION, RESPONSE, PLAN Legal guidelines for charting - Answer--Do not erase -Do not write retaliatory or critical comments about patient or care by other health care providers -Correct all errors promptly -Record all facts -Chart as close as prudently possibly to the time of the event -do not leave blank spaces in notes -Record all entries legibly and in black ink -if an order is questioned, record that clarification was sought -Chart only your own actions -Avoid using generalized, empty phrases -begin each entry with the date, and time, and end with your signature and title -avoid "pre-charting" -for computer documentation, keep your password to yourself
Patient's health status and conditions that contribute to impaired communication - Answer-patients who cannot speak clearly, who are cognitively impaired, who are hearing impaired, who are visually impaired, who are unresponsive, who do not speak English. Expressive aphasia: (motor type of aphasia) - Answer-inability to name common objects or express simple ideas in words or writing, may understand a question but unable to express an answer. Receptive aphasia (sensory type of aphasia) - Answer-inability to understand written or spoken language, may be able to express words but unable to understand the question. Global aphasia - Answer-the inability to understand language or communicate orally Review significant features and therapeutic outcomes of nurse-patient helping relationships - Answer-- the nurse assumes the role of professional helper and comes to know the patient as an individual who has unique health care needs, human responses and patterns of living. -the relationship is therapeutic, promoting a psychological climate that facilitates positive change and growth. -therapeutic communication allows patient to achieve their health care-related goals and attain optimal personal growth -includes explicit time frame and a goal-directed approach, and confidentiality is an expected feature -the nurse establishes, directs, and takes responsibility for the interaction, and the patient's needs take priority over nurses -non-judgemental acceptance of the patient -acceptance conveys a willingness to hear a message or to acknowledge feelings -helping relationship does not just happen; you create it thru care, skill and the development of trust -collaboration between nurses and patients build relationships and is based on principles of mutual gain and respect -it reflects a desire to satisfy the needs of both parties -collaborative communication promotes personal responsibility, enables self-expression, and strengthens the patients problem-solving ability
Pre-interaction phase - Answer-(before meeting patient) Orientation phase - Answer-(meet, and get to know each other) Working phase - Answer-(working together to solve problem) Termination phase - Answer-(ending of the relationship) narrative interaction - Answer--nurse often encourage patients to share personal stories - thru this you begin to understand the context of patient's lives and learn what is meaningful from their perspective Caring - Answer-is a central concept that is essential to the practice of nursing -means concern about a person, events, projects, and things. It is a word for being connected -thru caring relationships, you learn to listen to patients' stories about their illness so you can obtain and understanding of the meaning of illness to them -with this understanding you provide therapeutic, patient - centered care principle of caring as a foundational nursing concept - Answer-that the concept of caring has not been well defined and that the nursing ethics of caring must be shown to make a difference in patient outcomes moral and ethical bases of responsive nurse-patient relationships - Answer--for the nursing profession, it is important to provide evidence that caring is tied to a broader ethical knowledge base -a personal moral sense that is shared by other people needs to be agreed on as a principle and integrated specifically into the discipline of nursing and the nursing ethical knowledge base -responsive relationships are based on respect, trust and mutuality. These relationships can tie together theory, ethical knowledge, and a clinical outcome and strengthen the nursing ethical knowledge base.
Emotional communication - Answer-encompasses the range and type of feelings that are expressed by the family verbal communication - Answer-nurses should focus on the meaning of words in terms of the relationship (is the communication clear and direct? Or vague and indirect?) non-verbal communication - Answer-message conveyed without words (body language, eye contact, tone of voice) Circular communication - Answer-reciprocal communication between family members. Each person influences the behavior of the other. Problem solving - Answer-how a family thinks about actions to take to solve difficult situations Roles - Answer-are established patterns of behavior for family members, often developed thru interactions with others Influence - Answer-methods affecting or controlling another person's behavior Beliefs - Answer-individual and family held fundamental ideas, values, opinions and assumptions Alliances and coalitions - Answer-involves the directionality, balance and intensity of relationships among family members or between families and nurses Primary roles of the family: (family nursing) - Answer-central is the assumption that individuals are best understood within the context of the family -the goal is to help the family and its individual members achieve and maintain optimal health throughout and beyond the illness experience
-focuses on 3 major categories of family life: structural, developmental and functional dimensions Calgary family assessment model - Answer-is a relational, strength-focussed practice model that guides nurses in the completion of comprehensive family assessment. focuses on 3 major categories of family life: structural, developmental and functional dimensions. What characteristics represent a healthy family: - Answer--(crisis- proof or effective family) -family hardiness: internal strengths and durability of the family unit, and is characterized by a sense of control over the outcome of life, perceiving changes as beneficial and growth producing, and active approach to stressful events. Thus a hardy family can transcend inevitable lifestyle changes -family resiliency: ability to cope with expected and unexpected stressors= role change, developmental milestones and crises family hardiness - Answer-internal strengths and durability of the family unit, and is characterized by a sense of control over the outcome of life, perceiving changes as beneficial and growth producing, and active approach to stressful events. Thus a hardy family can transcend inevitable lifestyle change family resiliency - Answer-ability to cope with expected and unexpected stressors= role change, developmental milestones and crises Review the 4 elements of decision making
- RESPONSIBILITY - Answer-the duties and activities that an individual is employed to perform. Managers must be sure the staff members understand their responsibilities; all nurses are responsible for knowing their role in developing competencies. AUTONOMY - Answer-freedom of choice and responsibility for choices. A nurse can make independent decisions about patient care according to their and scope of practice AUTHORITY - Answer-the right to act in areas in which a nurse has been given and accepts responsibility according to legislation, standards, and the code of ethics governing the professional practice of nursing
Nursing Process - Answer-• Diagnosis
- Assessment
- Planning
- Implementation
- Evaluating family hardiness - Answer-internal strengths and durability of the family unit, and is characterized by a sense of control over the outcome of life, perceiving changes as beneficial and growth producing, and active approach to stressful events. Thus a hardy family can transcend inevitable lifestyle change
