Download NUSC 1165 Latest Final Practice Exam 2 Verified Questions and Correct answers 2025-2026 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Correct answers 2025-
Ch. 1 Nutrition - correct answer Leading causes of death attributed to nutrition - correct answer1. Heart Disease
- Cancer
- Stroke
- Diabetes Factors influencing food choices - correct answer- availability
- health concerns
- culture
- psychological and emotional state
- social acceptability
- personal preference Availability - correct answer- Food environment
- Location
- Socioeconomic Status
- Health Status Health Concerns - correct answerproblems that make attaining food difficult, such as GI issues, teeth issues, allergies Culture - correct answerExample of cultural foods
- paella, tapas, churros Example of cultural holiday celebrations
- Seventh Day Adventists: Vegetarians
- Specific holidays: Thanksgiving, Hanukkah, mardi gras Example of religious dietary laws
- can't consume pork and/or beef Psychological and Emotional State - correct answerComfort foods
- pizza, ice cream, fried chicken Food as a reward
- after homework, good grades Removal of food as a punishment
- taking away a child's dessert privilege Usage of food during celebrations
- birthday cake, champagne
Correct answers 2025-
Social acceptability - correct answer- Coffee or lunch w/ friends
- Professional meetings
- Family dinners
- Social Media Personal Preference - correct answerFavorite foods
- taste
- appearance
- smell
- texture
- variety
- experience Personal Convictions
- health concerns
- environmentalists
- vegan and vegetarian diets Energy-Yielding Nutrients - correct answercarbs, fats (lipids), proteins Macronutrients - correct answerrequired in LARGE amounts carbohydrates, lipids, protein, water Micronutrients - correct answerrequired in SMALL amounts water soluble:
- Vitamin B
- Vitamin C fat soluble:
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin K
- Calcium
- Iron Inorganic Nutrients - correct answerdo not contain carbon in their chemical structure minerals, water Organic Nutrients - correct answercontain carbon in their chemical structure
Correct answers 2025-
Steps of Scientific Method - correct answer1. Observation
- Hypothesis
- educated guess or prediction
- Experimental Steps
- methods or steps done to test the hypothesis
- Theory
- explanation based on scientific study and reasoning Single Blind Study - correct answerExperiment in which the study participants are unaware of which participants are in a control or experiment Double Blind Study - correct answerExperiment in which neither the study participants or researchers know which participants are in the control or experimental group What are sources of reliable nutrition or health information? - correct answer- Federal Nutrition Recommendations (Dietary Guidelines for Americans)
- Universities
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Registered Dietitian or Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Ch. 2 Nutrition Guidelines - correct answer Which of the following nutrient recommendations is established due to insufficient scientific data? a. Recommended Dietary Allowances b. Estimated Average Requirements c. Adequate Intake d. Tolerable Upper Levels - correct answerAdequate Intake Recommended Dietary Allowances - correct answer- intakes that meet needs of 97- 98% of healthy individuals in each group
- determined using EAR value and takes into account individual variability
- intakes lower than this can indicate deficiency Estimated Average Requirements - correct answer- Amount of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the needs of 50% of people in the same gender and life-stage group
- Useful for evaluating the adequacy of, and planning for the nutrient intake of population groups.
Correct answers 2025-
- Established using the criteria of adequacy Adequate Intake - correct answer- Estimates of a nutrient when there is not enough evidence to establish both an EAR and RDA
- Based on observed and experimentally determined approximations of the average nutrient intake by a healthy population Tolerable Upper Levels - correct answer- Maximum daily intakes that are unlikely to pose a risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a specific life-stage and gender group
- Example: The UL for preformed vitamin A is 3000 micrograms/day
- Used as a guide for limiting intake when planning diets and evaluating the possibility of overconsumption
- Established by taking into account an indicator of excess or specific adverse effect
- Used to prevent nutrient toxicity Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) - correct answer- Provides intake ranges for energy-yielding nutrients
- Expressed as a % of total energy intake
- Allows for flexibility in food selection choices based on preferences
- Associated with reduced risk of chronic disease. Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs) - correct answer- Average energy intakes predicted to maintain body weight by calculating the amount of kilocalories in an individual
- Takes into account gender, age, weight, height, and level of physical activity
- Participation in physical activity increases energy requirements. Five variables that influence energy recommendations - correct answergender, age, weight, height, and physical activity level Nutrition/Lifestyle recommendations published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services - correct answer- Meet nutritional needs primarily from foods and beverages
- choose a variety of food from each food group
- control portion size
- 150 to 300 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous activity to achieve health benefits The Three Healthy Eating Patterns Promoted in the Dietary Guidelines - correct answerDASH, Vegetarian, Mediterranean DASH Eating Plan - correct answerDietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
Correct answers 2025-
d. None of the above - correct answerStructure/Function Claims Nutrient Content Claims - correct answerNutrient content descriptors are established by the FDA "low" "high" "free" "reduced" "lean" "high potency" "antioxidant" Health Claims - correct answerDescribes the relationship between a food, food component, and/or dietary supplement ingredient with a disease or health condition risk- FDA-Regulated ex. "Diets rich in whole grain foods and other plant foods and low in saturated fat and cholesterol may help reduce the risk of heart disease." Structure/Function Claims - correct answer- Not regulated, it is based on the manufacturer's review and interpretation of the scientific literature
- It must contain a disclaimer
- Describes the role of the nutrient or ingredient in maintaining normal structure and function in humans In a nutritional assessment, which of the following is an example of an anthropometric measurement? a. 24-hour recall b. Measuring protein in the blood or urine c. Skinfold Measurement d. Food Disappearance Survey e. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) f. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) - correct answerSkinfold Measurement 24-hour recall - correct answerA recall of foods, beverages, and supplements consumed during the previous day Measuring protein in the blood or urine - correct answerLaboratory measurement Skinfold Measurement - correct answerAssessment that assumes the fat present in the subcutaneous regions of the body is proportional to the overall body fatness
Correct answers 2025-
Food Disappearance Survey - correct answerSurveys that estimates food or beverage usage by a population by monitoring the amount of food that leaves the marketplace National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) - correct answer- Researchers collect information about the health and nutritional status from participants across the United States
- Data includes food, energy, and nutrient intake assessments compared to population intakes with the DRIs or Dietary Guidelines. Healthy Eating Index (HEI) - correct answer- Developed to evaluate diet adequacy and adherence to the Dietary Guidelines recommendations
- Summarizes overall diet quality by scoring 12 components of the diet to calculate a total HEI score. Ch. 3 Digestion and Absorption - correct answer Organization of Life - correct answerAtoms → Molecule → Cells → Tissues → Organ → Organ System Organs of the Digestive System - correct answermouth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, anus Accessory organs - correct answerpancreas, liver, gallbladder, and salivary glands Digestive Enzymes - correct answerEnd in -ase, with the exception of pepsin Amylase, Lactase, Maltase, Sucrase, Lipase, Pepsin, Trypsin, and Chymotrypsin Examples of Protein Digesting Enzyme(s) - correct answer Examples of Carbohydrate Digesting Enzyme(s) - correct answer Examples of Lipid Digesting Enzyme(s) - correct answer Simple Diffusion - correct answer Osmosis - correct answer Facilitated Diffusion - correct answer Active Transport - correct answer Probiotics - correct answer
Correct answers 2025-
Respiratory System - correct answer Urinary System - correct answer Elimination of Metabolic Wastes - Name the waste products eliminated from:
- Integumentary System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System - correct answer Ch. 5 Lipids - correct answer Lipids - correct answerOrganic molecules that are not soluble in water (soluble in fat only) Triglyceride Structure - correct answer Phospholipids Structure - correct answer Cholesterol Structure - correct answer Functions of phospholipids and cholesterol - correct answer What is the difference between:
- Saturated fat vs. unsaturated fat?
- Monounsaturated vs. Polyunsaturated fat?
- Cis vs. trans fat? - correct answer ___________________ is the process that forms trans fats. a. Beta-Oxidation b. Deamination c. Hydrogenation d. Glycolysis - correct answerhydrogenation Beta-oxidation - correct answerbreaks down fatty acid → acetyl CoA Deamination - correct answerRemoval of Nitrogen Group; amino acid → acetyl CoA Glycolysis - correct answerBreakdown of carbs into pyruvate Please be familiar with the steps of lipid digestion, especially the importance of the lipases, bile, and micelle formation: - correct answer Chylomicrons - correct answer
Correct answers 2025-
VLDL - correct answer HDL - correct answer LDL - correct answer Ch. 4 Carbohydrates - correct answer Refined Carbohydrates - correct answer Unrefined Carbohydrates - correct answer Structure of a Grain - What nutrients are contained in the following structures? - correct answerEndosperm Bran Germ Monosaccharide - correct answer Disaccharides - correct answer Polysaccharides - correct answerGlycogen (humans, animals), starch - which includes amylose and amylopectin (plants), and fiber. Carbohydrate Digestion Steps - correct answermouth stomach pancreas small intestine large intestine Role of Fiber in Digestion - correct answerSlows nutrient absorption (followed by gradual rise of glucose in the blood) Glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic? description of metabolic process - correct answer
Correct answers 2025-
Acid Group - correct answer Side Chain - correct answer Amino Group - correct answer Hydrogen atom - correct answer Essential Amino Acids: PVT MT HILL - correct answerPhenylalanine Valine Tryptophan Methionine Threonine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Conditionally Essential Amino Acids - correct answeramino acids that are normally considered nonessential but become essential under certain circumstances when the body's need for them exceeds the ability to produce them Peptide Bonds - correct answerhold amino acids together Chemical Reactions Involving Protein: - correct answertransamination, deamination, denaturation Transamination - correct answer Deamination - correct answer Denaturation - correct answer Enzyme needed for protein digestion - correct answer Protein Digestion steps - correct answermouth, stomach, small intestine Which of the following proteins contributes to structure? a. insulin b. lipase c. hemoglobin d. collagen - correct answer
Correct answers 2025-
Difference between kwashiorkor and marasmus (symptoms) - correct answer Nitrogen Balance, Negative Nitrogen Balance, and Positive Nitrogen Balance - correct answer Vegetarian Diets: lacto-ovo, lacto, pescetarian, pollo (What foods do they consume?) - correct answer Protein Recommendation for Healthy Individuals: Incomplete vs. Complete Dietary Proteins - correct answer Phenylketonuria - correct answer Celiac Disease - correct answer Monosodium Glutamate Sensitivity - correct answer Limiting Amino Acids - correct answer Ammonia and Urea Production - correct answer Functions of Proteins: Protection Protein Examples: -Muscle Protein Examples: -Hormone Proteins: -Fluid Balance Regulation: -Acid Base Balance: - correct answer Structure Protein Examples - correct answer Enzyme Protein Examples - correct answer Transport Protein Example - correct answer Protection Protein Examples: - correct answer Muscle Protein Examples - correct answer Hormone Proteins - correct answer Fluid Balance Regulation - correct answer Acid Base Balance - correct answer Protein Synthesis: Transcription vs. Translation (location, type of RNA involved) - correct answer
Correct answers 2025-
Review components of an ideal weight loss program and ABCs related to behavior modification. - correct answer BMI Classifications: Ranges for underweight, normal, overweight, obesity - correct answerUnderweight Normal Overweight Obesity Hormones: Ghrelin, Cholecystokinin, Peptide YY - correct answerGhrelin Cholecystokinin Peptide YY When assessing body composition of an individual, which of the following involves passing a current through the body to determine the resistance, which is proportional to body fat? - correct answerBioelectric impedance Ch. 8 Water Soluble Vitamins - correct answer T/F: During the process of digestion and absorption, fat-soluble vitamins are incorporated into micelles. - correct answertrue Thiamin
- dietary source
- function and active forms
- deficiency and symptoms - correct answerDietary source
- pork Function and active forms Deficiency and symptoms Rioboflavin
- dietary source
Correct answers 2025-
- function and active forms
- deficiency and symptoms - correct answerDietary source
- milk Function and active forms Deficiency and symptoms
- ariboflavinosis Niacin
- dietary source
- function and active forms
- deficiency and symptoms - correct answerDietary source
- chicken Function and active forms Deficiency and symptoms Biotin
- dietary source
- function and active forms
- deficiency and symptoms - correct answerDietary source
- Eggs (avidin in raw egg white inhibits absorption) Function and active forms Deficiency and symptoms
- not common Pantothenic Acid
- dietary source
- function and active forms
- deficiency and symptoms - correct answerDietary source Function and active forms
- component of coenzyme A molecule Deficiency and symptoms
- not common Vitamin B
- dietary source
- function and active forms
Correct answers 2025-
Beriberi, a disease characterized by weakness and neurological symptoms is a result of poor intake from which water-soluble vitamin? - correct answerThiamin Bioavailability - correct answerthe rate at and the extent to which a nutrient is absorbed and used Ch. 9 Fat-Soluble Vitamins - correct answer T/F: Toxicity risk is lower for fat-soluble vitamins due to longer storage compared to water-soluble vitamins - correct answerfalse What are the four fat-soluble vitamins? - correct answerVitamins A, D, E, K During the process of digestion/absorption, fat-soluble vitamins are mixed with other lipids in micelles, transported to cells via chylomicrons. - correct answer Vitamin A
- dietary source
- function
- deficiency - correct answerDietary source
Function
- Visual Cycle
- Gene Expression Deficiency
- Night Blindness
- Keratomalacia Vitamin A Preformed: Retinol, Retinal, and Retinoic Acid (Animal Foods) Provitamin A: Beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin , lycopene (Plant Foods) - correct answer Vitamin D
- dietary source
- function
- deficiency - correct answerDietary source
Correct answers 2025-
Function
- Acts on the bone, kidneys, and intestine to increase blood calcium Deficiency Synthesized from cholesterol when vitamin D is obtained from sunlight. o Winter Months
- Need more vitamin D Vitamin E
- dietary source
- function
- deficiency - correct answerDietary source
Function
Deficiency
Vitamin K
- dietary source
- function
- deficiency - correct answerDietary source Function Deficiency Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is necessary to make blood clotting proteins? a. Vitamin C b. Biotin c. Vitamin K d. Potassium - correct answerVitamin K _____________________ is a deficiency characterized by brittle bones in adults, due to low intake of Vitamin D. a. Night Blindness b. Ariboflavinosis c. Scurvy d. Osteomalacia - correct answerOsteomalacia
