Download NUSCTX 10 ONLINE PRACTICE EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | VERIFIED ANSWERS and more Exams Physical Activity and Sport Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
NUSCTX 10 ONLINE PRACTICE EXAM | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS |
VERIFIED ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION
2025 | ALREADY GRADED A+
The number of calories that people burn every day may differ because of a. Differences in lean body mass (e.g., muscle tissue). b. Differences in genetics. c. Differences in voluntary exercise patterns. d. Whether the person has recently gained or lost weight. e. All the above. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------e. all of above Programmed physiologic adaptations to protein- calorie insufficiency may underlie some health- related problems in humans, including a. Impaired growth in malnourished children and adolescents. b. Lower bone mass in women than men. c. Low sex hormone levels and loss of menstrual periods in women with low body weight. d. Higher rate of lean tissue loss after 2 weeks of weight loss diets in obese people, compared to the rate during the first few days of dieting. e. a and c ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------e. a and c Phase 1 of prolonged fasting (the first several days)
includes a. Adipose tissue synthesis of fatty acids and their storage as fat. b. Glycogen depletion in liver. c. Very little loss of lean tissue such as muscle protein. d. Brain keto-adaptation. e. c and d. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. glycogen depletion in liver Inflammation or infection in combination with calorie deprivation is likely to lead to a. Loss of more muscle protein than in "simple" starvation. b. High levels of white cells in blood. c. Several alterations, including low serum iron and zinc levels, fever and anemia. d. All the above e. a and b ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. all of the above Which of the following statements is TRUE? a. Body weight and body fat are the same. b. A person may have normal body weight but have a high amount of body fat. c. A person with low muscle mass, aerobic fitness but low body weight has low risk for CVD and all-cause mortality. d. A person can have low amount of body fat and still be obese. e. None of the above. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. a person may have normal body weight but have a high amount of body fat Metabolic "fitness" in a person
b. Tendency to loss or irregularity of menstrual periods c. High incidence of stress fractures, despite weight bearing activity d. High levels of visceral fat e. a, b and c ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------e. a, b, c What may explain hypertrophic obesity being associated with worse health outcomes than hyperplastic obesity? a. Small fat cells are more likely to take up more insulin and reduce its interaction with other tissues. b. Big fat cells are more likely to "spill" fatty acids into blood through lipolysis, with adverse metabolic effects. c. Having more small fat cells will cause adipose cells to migrate into the bloodstream to liver and muscle. d. Big fat cells secrete less leptin, so energy expenditure is lower. e. None of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. big fat cells are more likely to "spill" fatty acids into blood through lipolysis, with adverse metabolic effects Which of the following statements regarding obesity is TRUE? a. Obesity is primarily a disease of wealthy people. b. Obesity is primarily a disease of adults c. Obesity almost exclusively occurs in developed countries d. Obesity is often associated with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
e. Obesity is caused by type II diabetes. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------d. obesity is often associated with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease Paul weighs 150 pounds and consumes 2500 kcal/day. After trying a new flavor of ice cream, Paul consumes 3000 kcal/day for the next year. What is most likely to happen to Paul's body weight if his lifestyle remains the same? a. Increase by ~10-15 lbs. then stabilize b. Decrease and then stabilize c. Increase and keep increasing, because he is in positive energy balance. d. Not change initially as the body stores calories, then increases body weight steadily. e. Remain the same because his body will adapt by increasing metabolic rate. ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --a. increase by 10-15 lbs then stabilize
- Instead of eating ice cream Paul decides decrease calories to 2000 kcal/day from the original 2000 kcal/day (see previous question). What is most likely to happen with Paul's body weight during that year if his lifestyle otherwise remains the same? a. Lose about 30 - 40 lbs. then slow down b. Increase first due to lower metabolic rate and then stabilize c. Lose about 10 - 15 lbs. then stabilize d. Not change initially as body uses stored calories but then decrease steadily e. Remain the same because his body adapts by reducing metabolic rate ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
- c. lose about 10-15 pounds then stabilize
Which of the following is NOT required to appear on a food package? a. A statement of identity b. The name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor c. A list of ingredients d. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fat in one serving e. The net contents of the package ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --d. the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fat in one serving Which of the following about energy generation is/are correct? a. Humans generate energy by oxidizing carbon atoms of macronutrients into carbon dioxide (CO2). b. During energy production oxygen (O2) is converted into water (H2O). c. All the above. d. None of the above. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. all of the above Trader Joe's Salt and Pepper Ridge Cut Chips have 16g carbohydrates, 2g protein and 20g fat per serving. Annie eats 30 chips (1 serving =15 chips) in one sitting. How many total calories did she consume? a. 152 kcal b. 232 kcal c. 304 kcal d. 464 kcal e. 522 kcal ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. 464 kcal
Which of the following statements concerning ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is true? a. The total amount of ATP made per day in a human body is small/limited. b. The nucleus makes most of the ATP generated in a cell. c. Energy released as ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and Pi (inorganic phosphate) is converted into ATP. d. Energy released as ATP is converted into ADP and Pi. e. Reductive phosphorylation is the term that describes ATP bio-generation. ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --d. energy released as ATP is converted into ADP and Pi Which of the following about the enterocyte (intestinal absorptive cell) is not correct? a. Enterocytes absorb simple sugars. b. Enterocytes release long-chain fatty acids directly into blood. c. Enterocytes release amino acids directly into blood. d. Adult enterocytes cannot absorb proteins, such as antibodies. e. Enterocytes release short-chain fatty acids directly into blood. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. enterocytes release long-chain fatty acids Which of the following is not correct? Digestive hormones are peptides that stimulate a. acid production by the stomach. b. bile acid secretion. c. pancreatic enzyme secretion. d. appetite.
Which of the following results in an increase in glycogen levels in humans? a. Egg b. Fructose c. Bread d. Corn oil ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. bread Chose the single best answer about the interaction between genetics and diet. a. Diet and lifestyle cannot overcome a genetic predisposition to disease. b. Diet and lifestyle can often/sometimes, but not always, overcome genetic predisposition to disease. c. Genetic influences supersede dietary influences. d. Genetics have only a minor influence on health and lifespan compared to diet and lifestyle. e. Diet and exercise have no significant effect on a genetic predisposition to type II diabetes. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. diet and lifestyle can often/sometimes, but not always, overcome genetic predisposition to disease Consumption of pasta results in a. Increased insulin secretion. b. Increased glucagon secretion. c. Suppression of glucose production in the liver. d. A glycemic response. e. Insulin resistance. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. increased insulin secretion
Table sugar (sucrose) a. Is a monosaccharide b. Is a polysaccharide c. is also referred to as glucose d. is also referred to as fructose e. consists of glucose and fructose as a disaccharide ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------e. consists of glucose and fructose Which of the following foods will result is the greatest glycemic response when consumed? a. Hamburger b. Green beans c. White bread d. Peanuts e. Whole wheat pasta ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. white bread Which of the following will result in the greatest post-prandial (after meals) increase in metabolic rate (assuming equal calorie intake of each)? a. Bread b. Butter c. Potato chips d. Apples e. Milk ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------e. milk Which of the following is/are true about blood glucose? a. It is the primary fuel for the central nervous system. b. Decreased levels stimulate insulin
e. Occurs primarily in the brain ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. results in increased secretion of insulin in response to a carbohydrate meal Hepatic (liver) insulin resistance can be characterized by a. Excessive production of glucose. b. Poor response to glucagon to reduce glucose production. c. Hypoglycemia. d. Hyperglycemia. e. Two of the above. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------e. two of the above Which of the following hormones respond to changes in blood glucose concentration? a. Leptin b. Thyroid hormone c. Glucagon d. Testosterone e. Two of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. glucagon In response to long-term calorie restriction, there is an increase in a. Insulin levels in the blood. b. Thyroid hormone levels in blood. c. Insulin-like growth factor levels in blood. d. Reproductive hormone levels and fertility. e. None of the above. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------e. none of the above
Many people attempt to lose weight and a. Most who manage to lose weight initially, succeed at keeping the weight off for a long time. b. Managing to lose weight by reducing calorie intake, and then returning to the previous calorie intake, but not above, the initial weight loss will be maintained indefinitely. c. The more weight lost, the easier it is to lose more, since the body gets used to reduced food intake. d. After losing a few pounds, weight loss tends to accelerate, because adrenaline and leptin increase, which increase metabolic rate. e. Individuals who maintain more than 30 pounds of weight loss for more than 5 years tend to expend ~3, calories of voluntary activity per week (roughly equal to 4 m walking/day). ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --e. Individuals who maintain more than 30 pounds of weight loss for more than 5 years tend to expend ~3, calories of voluntary activity per week (roughly equal to 4 m walking/day). Production of acetyl-CoA from glucose a. Gluconeogenesis b. Glycolysis c. Fatty acid oxidation d. Insulin e. Glucagon ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b Generation of acetyl-CoA a. Gluconeogenesis
Body fat has the same health consequences, wherever it is deposited. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False The body's adaptations to starvation allows a person to survive about 30 - 40 days without food, rather than being at risk for death after 2-3 weeks. ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- --------------False Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ to the gastrointestinal tract? a. Duodenum b. Salivary glands c. Liver d. Pancreas e. Gallbladder ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a. duodenum What is the leading cause of death in the United States? a. Cancer b. Type II Diabetes c. Cardiovascular disease d. Accidents e. Kwashiorkor ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. cardiovascular disease _________ enable(s) long distance communication between tissues; _________ enable(s) cell to cell communication in close proximity. a. Hormones; enzymes b. Insulin; glucagon c. Hormones; paracrine agents
d. Paracrine agents; neurotransmitters e. Secretin; gastrin ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. hormones; paracrine agents Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in the body? a. Energy storage b. Insulation and padding c. Promote satiety d. Maintain pH balance e. Fat-soluble vitamin transport ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. maintain pH balance Amir is a doctor currently volunteering with the program, Doctors Without Borders. He is currently visiting a tribe and has seen a lot of edema in young children throughout this tribe. In these same children, he has seen significant growth impairment as well. He believes the cause of these symptoms is mostly due to protein deficiency in the presence of adequate energy intake. What malnutrition condition do these children most likely have? a. Marasmus b. Beriberi c. Rickets d. Pellagra e. Kwashiorkor ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------e. kwashiorkor What is the sequence of the "central dogma"? a. DNA → RNA → protein b. RNA → DNA → protein c. DNA → protein → RNA d. Protein → RNA → DNA e. Protein → DNA → RNA ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------a.DNA → RNA → protein
What is lipogenesis? a. When your body makes glucose from non-glucose substrates. b. When your body undergoes liposuction. c. When your body makes fat from non-fat substances. d. When your body uses fatty acids to make carbohydrates. e. When your body is unable to regulate blood glucose levels. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. when your body makes fat from non- fat substances Which of the following statements about protein structure is FALSE? a. Peptide bonds link amino acids together b. Peptide bonds are formed between the acid group of one amino acid and the nitrogen group of the next amino acid c. The shape of a protein is not related to its function d. If the shape of a protein is altered, its function may be disrupted e. Normal hemoglobin has a spherical shape ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------c. the shape of a protein is not related to its function Nutrient absorption relies on four major absorptive processes. Which of the following is NOT one of these four? a. Passive diffusion b. Active diffusion c. Facilitated diffusion d. Active transport e. Endocytosis ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. active diffusion Which of the following is NOT an example of a monosaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Fructose
d. Galactose e. All of the above are examples of monosaccharides ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------b. sucrose What is protein efficiency ratio (PER)? a. How much blood glucose increase per crude protein intake b. How much blood glucose increase per crude protein excretion c. How much live weight gain per crude protein intake d. How much live weight gain per crude protein excretion e. None of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------c. how much live weight gain per crude protein intake __________ are biological catalysts that work by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. a. Hormones b. Carbohydrates c. DNA molecules d. Enzymes e. Neurotransmitters ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. enzymes Alyssa wants to study a tripeptide in her lab experiment. What molecule does she want to study? a. A protein shaped like a triangle b. A chain of three carbohydrates c. A peptide with three OH groups on it d. A chain of three amino acids e. None of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------d. a chain of three amino acids Which of the following is NOT a key recommendation of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)?
