Download Nutrition 101 Final Exam Review and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
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Phases of change - correct answers Precontemplation Contemplation Preperation Action Maintenance. Termination How many milligrams of sodium are in 1 teaspoon of salt - correct answers 2300 mg List 3 aspects one should note when reviewing scientific research for reliability - correct answers Does it sell you something? Does it come from a reliable source? Is it someone's opinion? What is the danger zone temperature range - correct answers 40- degrees F What are the most common symptoms of food-borne illness - correct answers GI Upset & nausea Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) - correct answers Daily nutrient intake amounts that are estimated to meet the needs of 50% of healthy people in and age/gender specific group
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Recommend Dietary Allowances (RDA) - correct answers Daily nutritional intakes sufficient to meet the needs of almost(97%) all healthy people in a specific life stage Adequate Intakes (AI) - correct answers Daily nutritional intakes used for when the EAR is not available Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) - correct answers The maximum daily intake amounts of nutrients that are not likely to cause adverse health effects. (Not a recommended dosage) Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)s - correct answers Average daily calories needed to maintain body weight in healthy individuals Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges(AMDR)s - correct answers Intakes of carbs, protein, fat. Provide a range of intake as a percent of energy Phytochemical - correct answers A substance found in plant foods that is not an essential nutrient but may have health promoting properties (beta-carotene, flavonoids) 1g of carbs - correct answers 4kcal
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What is the function of enzymes - correct answers To destroy bonds Type 1 diabetes - correct answers Is considered an autoimmune disease, pancreas failure( can't produce insulin) Type 2 diabetes - correct answers Comes from obesity, insulin resistance Gestational diabetes - correct answers Pregnant women who get diabetes can make the baby come out to be 12-14 pounds 3 classes of Lipids - correct answers Triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols, fatty acids Main function of Lipids - correct answers Storage of energy, transport of fat soluble vitamins, insulation in body & thermal regulation, essential fatty acids, protection of internal organs Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)s - correct answers A set of reference values for the intake of energy,nutrients & food components that are used for planning diets 5 factors of the dietary guidelines - correct answers Follow a healthy eating pattern, focus on nutrient density variety, limit calories from
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added sugars/reduce sodium, shift to healthier food/beverage choices, support healthy eating patterns for all Daily % value - correct answers The amount of a nutrient in a food as a percentage of the recommendation for a 2000 cal diet Low & high daily % values - correct answers 5% or less is low, 20% or more is high 6 classes of nutrients - correct answers Carbs, Lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water 1 kilocalorie =_____ calories - correct answers 1,000 calories Fat soluble vitamins - correct answers Vitamins that dissolve in fat and can be stored in the body (A,D,E,K) The following must be printed on a food label - correct answers Ingredient list(in descending order by weight), name& address of the manufacturer, net contents of the package, nutritional info, footnote
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Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes Excessive thirst Excessive urination Excessive hunger All of the above - correct answers All of the above Once absorbed, all monosaccharides are converted to____ by the liver - correct answers Glucose Glycogen - correct answers A carb made up of many glucose molecules linked together in a highly branched structure. It is the storage form of carb in animals Daily values are listed on a nutrition label for trans fat, sugars, & protein True False - correct answers False Lipase is an enzyme that breaks down____ during digestion - correct answers Lipids (fats)
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Absorption occurs primarily in the___ - correct answers Small intestine Bile is produced in the____and stored in the____ - correct answers Liver, Gallbladder Major functions of carbs - correct answers Providing energy, regulation of blood glucose, sparing the use of proteins for energy, breakdown of fatty acids, preventing ketosis What percent of refined added sugar makes up the calories in the typical American diet - correct answers 13% Glucose - correct answers A monosaccharide that is the primary form of carb used to provide energy in the body. It is the sugar referred to as blood sugar Disaccharide - correct answers A carb made up of 2 sugar units Fructose - correct answers A monosaccharide that is the primary form of carb found in fruit
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Simple carbs - correct answers A class of carbs known as sugars that include monosaccharides and disaccharides What's the recommended daily cholesterol intake - correct answers 10% (100-300 mg) Transit time - correct answers The time between the ingestion of food and the elimination of the solid waste from that food (24-72 hours) Peristalsis - correct answers Rippling muscle contractions that move food through the GI tract Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) - correct answers A group of chemical additives that are generally recognized as safe based on their long-standing presence in the food supply without obvious harmful effects Functions of insulin - correct answers Is a hormone produced in the pancreas. Regulates passage of glucose from blood to cells to be used for energy. Also stimulates protein & fat synthesis Risk factors of diabetes - correct answers Family history of diabetes, pancreatic cancer, insulin resistance, obesity
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Diverticulosis - correct answers Condition in which outpouchings form in the wall of the colon. Diverticular disease risk factors - correct answers Aging, obesity, diets high in animal fat and low in fiber Risk factors of cardiovascular disease - correct answers Diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, low physical activity, smoking Saturated fatty acid structure - correct answers A fatty acid in which each carbon in the chain is bound to 2 hydrogen atoms. Saturated fat foods - correct answers Saturated fat is primarily found in animal foods such as meat & dairy. They tend to be solid at room temperature. Monounsaturated fatty acid structure - correct answers Contains 1 pair of carbons that are not saturated with hydrogen atoms. Carbon-carbon double bond Monounsaturated fatty acid foods - correct answers Olive & canola oils
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Platelet aggregation - correct answers The clumping together of platelets in the blood. Can lead to the formation of a clot Scientific method steps - correct answers 1. Observation
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Theory Types of research studies in nutrition - correct answers Observational Case-control Epidemiology Double-blind study - correct answers Neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment(IV) Calories in A POUND of fat - correct answers 3,
of pounds to lose per week for safe weight loss - correct answers 1-
per week Calories needed for pregnancy - correct answers 300 extra calories
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Calories needed for lactation - correct answers 500 extra calories Recommended pregnancy weight gain - correct answers 25-35 lbs (2- lbs in first trimester, 0.8 lbs per week in 2 & 3rd trimester) How much agua per day - correct answers 8- 8oz cups or 2 liters Protein complementation - correct answers Combining 2 sources of protein to ensure you receive all 9 essential amino acids Anorexia Nervosa - correct answers Eating disorder in which people obsess about weight and what they eat. Typical behaviors are excessive exercise and abnormally low body weight Bulimia nervosa - correct answers Eating disorder where they tend to binge eat and then purge Embolism - correct answers Obstruction of an artery, typically by a blood clot or air bubble. Clot breaks off and travels further in body Thrombus - correct answers Stationary blood clot that forms along the wall of a blood vessel causing vascular obstruction
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- may help fight against certain cancers & other diseases
- "anti-aging" •keeps a healthy immune system Functions of protein - correct answers •Repair & maintenance of body tissue, organs, muscles, hair, skin & eyes. •The creation of certain hormones (Insulin& secretin)
- enzymes •Transportation & storage of molecules
- Form antibodies
- Energy( if the body doesn't get it from carbs& fat) Functions of water - correct answers • we are 55-78% water •transports nutrients & oxygen to cells •moisturizers the air in lungs •aids in metabolism •regulates body temp •detoxifies Functions of calcium - correct answers •Maintaining strong bones & teeth, supporting skeletal structure
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•plays key roles in cell signaling, blood clotting, muscle contraction, & nerve function •used to active certain enzymes, transport ions across cellular membrane, send& receive neurotransmitters •helps maintain regular heart beat Functions of iron - correct answers • needed by the body in order to produce the oxygen-carrying proteins hemoglobin & myoglobin found in the blood cells & muscles Functions of folic acid - correct answers •crucial for proper brain functioning •co enzyme •crucial for mental & emotional health •aids in the production of DNA and RNA •helps prevent birth defects in pregnancy Functions of B-Vitamins - correct answers • CO ENZYME •help convert food into fuel Functions of Vitamin A - correct answers • retinol and vision •helps form & maintain healthy skin, teeth, skeletal& soft tissue
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Protein differs from Carbs & Lipids in that.. - correct answers Protein contains the element nitrogen Amino acids that can't be made by the body are termed - correct answers Essential A____ bond links one amino acid to the next - correct answers Peptide If the shape of the protein is altered due to genetic mutation the _____ of the protein may be affected - correct answers Functionality The result from chronic deficiency of protein & energy - correct answers Marasmus Which disease is caused by niacin deficiency - correct answers Scurvy Vitamins do Not... - correct answers Provide energy A Vitamin D deficiency in children characterized by bone deformities is called - correct answers Rickets Nutritional needs for pregnancy - correct answers Prenatal Vits. With iron & folic acid
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•more protein & calcium
