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T/F: Hydrochloric acid in the stomach breaks apart proteins - ✔✔True Proteins are made up of: - ✔✔amino acids T/F: Sodium is one of the trace minerals - ✔✔False T/F: Minerals provide the body with energy - ✔✔False T/F: Our brain has an absolute need for glucose - ✔✔True What are the components of the BMR? - ✔✔respiration heart beat temperature body mass composition thyroid function T/F: Complex carbohydrates contain nitrogen - ✔✔False T/F: Vitamin A is a macronutrient - ✔✔False T/F: There are no essential fats - ✔✔False T/F: Alcohol can be absorbed directly through the stomach lining - ✔✔True Over time, chronic disease has ___, while infectious disease has ____ - ✔✔increased, decreased
The digestion of fats starts in the - ✔✔stomach T/F: The body does not care about how much calcium is in the blood - ✔✔False Protein and carbohydrates provide kilocalories of energy per gram, while alcohol provides ___ kcals/gram - ✔✔4, 7 biles digests - ✔✔fat gastric lipase digests - ✔✔fat pepsin digests - ✔✔protein hydrochloric acid digests - ✔✔protein amylase digests - ✔✔carbohydrates critical nutrients for bones include - ✔✔magnesium phosphorus calcium vitamin D fluoride T/F: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) will cause the release of calcium from bones - ✔✔True T/F: Calcium is required for blood clot formation - ✔✔True
Which of the following statements is true regarding the progress toward Healthy People 2010 objectives? - ✔✔There was a minimal increase in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains ___is an approach to collecting data on a population's health and nutritional status in which data collection occurs regularly and repeatedly - ✔✔Surveillance What statements regarding social and economic trends is true? - ✔✔workplace, lifestyle, and social values vary by generation 40% of the U.S. population have a chronic disease or condition The entry of women into the workplace has shifted the format and delivery of nutrition programming T/F: Community needs assessment is the process of evaluating the health and nutrition status of the community, determining what the community's health and nutritional needs are, and identifying places where those needs are not being met - ✔✔True T/F: A statement of a nutritional problem indicates who is affected and how many people experience the problem - ✔✔True T/F: Once your "community" is defined, you will never need to re-define it for future needs assessment - ✔✔False T/F: The infant mortality rate is an important measure of a nation's health, but is not used worldwide as an indicator of health status - ✔✔false T/F: A visit to the local grocery store where the target population shops can help you learn more about the population's food consumption and shopping practices - ✔✔True Major approaches to community nutritional needs assessment include: - ✔✔evaluating existing resources available evaluation of the nutritional status of the community examining the needs of the community
A____is a broad statement that indicates what the assessment is expected to accomplish, whereas a ___is a statement of outcomes and activities needed to fulfill the purpose of the assessment. - ✔✔goal, objective Which of the following would be considered a relatively low priority when ranking problems or needs identified through a community assessment? - ✔✔rare problems Which of the following would provide quantitative information about the community - ✔✔Data from the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Which type of data is provided by census reports - ✔✔quantitative T/F: Nonverbal communication skills are critical when conducting a nutrition assessment in a culturally diverse setting - ✔✔True Which of the following issues should be considered when selecting a dietary intake determination method - ✔✔age, literacy level, and language skill cost of analysis, training of interviewers, and intake forms sample size needed and type of intake data needed Validity refers to: - ✔✔the ability of a diet assessment instrument to measure what it is intended to measure aka accuracy how many members of this population use home delivered meals? - ✔✔community conditions how many members of the population use the services provided by dietitians? - ✔✔community conditions
T/F: The foods that are subsidized by the U.S. Farm bill are in direct proportion as to the food types that we should eat (as visualized by the MyPlate food guidance graphic) - ✔✔False T/F: Fruits and vegetables combined proportionately make up half of the plate of food recommended for daily intake in the ChooseMyPlate graphic. - ✔✔True T/F: Interventions intended to build awareness can be successful in increasing the knowledge of risk factors, but seldom change behavior - ✔✔True T/F: Program evaluation assist community nutritionists in determining whether they are progressing towards initial goals, and whether these goals are still appropriate - ✔✔True T/F: Evaluation is necessary only at the end of the program - ✔✔False What could trigger the development of a nutrition education program? - ✔✔a community leader expressing a need a new government policy a mandate from an organization's national office The second step in the program planning process is to - ✔✔define programs goals and objectives What type of objective is the following: To reduce the prevalence of skip breakfast syndrome by 10% within one year in the 10,000 Hometown residents" - ✔✔Outcome Measurable activities surrounding the budget, staffing patterns, and management systems are referred to as ___objectives - ✔✔structure What is an example of a level III intervention? - ✔✔placing a higher tax on high-fat foods
A company's policy to promote heart healthy, high-fiber foods by offering them frequently in the company's cafeteria is an example of an intervention intended to - ✔✔create a supportive environment __evaluation is used to determine the extent to which a program or intervention resulted in the desired immediate changes in the client - ✔✔impact why do we eat food and drink beverages? - ✔✔the body requires food or "fuel" to provide energy for cellular metabolism and repair, organ function, growth and body movement what are the six classes of essential nutrients - ✔✔carbohydrates proteins fats water vitamins minerals what is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) - ✔✔energy needed to maintain life sustaining (breathing, circulation, temperature, heart rate) How does BMR differ from resting metabolic rate (RMR) - ✔✔the resting energy expenditure (REE) is a measurement that accounts for BMR + energy to guest meals and perform mild activity what are macronutrients - ✔✔nutrients needed in relatively large amounts, provide kcals what are micronutrients - ✔✔nutrients needed in small amounts (vitamins & minerals), don't contribute energy how many kilocalories do carbohydrates provide - ✔✔1 gram =4 kcals how many kilocalories do proteins provide - ✔✔1 gram = 4 kcals
Non-energy providing how do we categorize vitamins? - ✔✔fat soluble (vitamin A, D, E, K) water soluble (vitamin C, B-complex) how do we categorize minerals? - ✔✔macrominerals (100 mg or more) or micro minerals (less than 100 mg) leading causes of death in the United States - ✔✔heart disease cancer chronic airway disease cerebrovascular disease all accidents why is it important to think about the leading causes of death when making nutrition policy - ✔✔it will help guide the types of programs and policies that will be implemented especially true since the leading causes of death are preventable via diet & exercise why do we need calcium - ✔✔required for bone growth, development and maintenance. It is also important for blood clot formation, muscle contraction, cellular metabolism, etc. calcium banking - ✔✔The body tightly regulates blood calcium levels via the parathyroid gland. If calcium sensing receptors indicate that calcium is needed the parathyroid releases parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH increases blood calcium by pulling calcium stored in the bones for release into the bloodstream. PTH also increases absorption of calcium by activating vitamin D to increase gastric absorption and promote reabsorption by the kidneys. what additional compounds are important for bone health - ✔✔phosphorus, vitamin D, magnesium and fluoride
can you make excess vitamin D from the sun. - ✔✔Vitamin D can be produce in the skin once exposed to UV light (sun). what components make a community - ✔✔A group of (1)people who are located in a (2) particular space (including cyberspace), have (3) shared values, and (4) interact within a social system; primary prevention - ✔✔healthy behaviors and environments across lifespan create supportive environments secondary prevention - ✔✔screening, periodic health examinations, early interventions and control risk factors (lifestyle and medication) tertiary prevention - ✔✔continuing care, maintenance, rehab and self management what are the steps of a community nutrition needs assessment - ✔✔1. Define the Nutritional problem
- Set parameters of assessment
- Collect Data
- Analyze and interpret data
- Share Findings of assessment
- Set priorities
- choose a plan of action where might you find data about a community - ✔✔U.S. Bureaus of the Census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Ag, social welfare agencies, birth, death, marriage and divorce registries annual reports of hospitals, clinics, and health centers data archives
organization of government - ✔✔community organizational power and structure soup kitchens - ✔✔existing community services and programs reports and media - ✔✔community organizational power and structure health care resources - ✔✔community health percentage of population that is hispanic - ✔✔demographic data and trends education - ✔✔sociocultural data and trends morbidity statistics - ✔✔community health size and composition of households - ✔✔demographic data and trends language spoken at home - ✔✔sociocultural data and trends percentage of families living below the poverty line - ✔✔economic data and trends issues that are subject of public policy - ✔✔institutional agenda amounts that government agencies are allowed to spend in implementing their programs - ✔✔budget authority set of problems to which policy makers give their attention - ✔✔policy agenda significant gap between current reality and the desired state of affairs - ✔✔problem
amounts actually paid out by government agencies - ✔✔budget outlays authority to spend money - ✔✔appropriation T/F: meals served under the older americans act nutrition program, formerly known as the elderly nutrition program, must provide at least 1/3 of recommended intakes established by the food and nutrition board - ✔✔true the day-to-day variation in an individual's nutrient intake is called within-person variation - ✔✔true ___means talking to public officials and legislators to persuade them to consider information you provide on an issue you believe is important - ✔✔lobbying ___is the process in which people concerned about an issue work to bring the issue to the attention of government officials - ✔✔agenda setting outcome objectives - ✔✔measurable changes in health or nutritional outcome process objectives - ✔✔measurable activities carried out by team members of program structure objectives - ✔✔measurable activities surrounding budget, staffing, management, resources, coordination
