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Nutrition Module 2 Portage Questions
and Answers 100% Solved
digestion ✔✔transforming food into basic nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body
We absorb nutrients for... ✔✔1) fuel cellular growth
2)fight infections
3)provide energy to our muscles and brain
2 Processes Food is Broken Down ✔✔1) mechanical
- chemical
Peristalsis ✔✔involuntary wavelike contractions that propel food along the digestive tract
Enzymes ✔✔Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
Absorption ✔✔The process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood
Mucosa ✔✔The innermost layer of the human digestive tract; made of absorptive cells and glands
passive diffusion ✔✔substances move easily in and out of cells without energy, high to low concentrations
facilitated diffusion ✔✔No energy required, BUT special protein carrier is needed to help substances cross in and out of the cell, high to low concentrations
active transport ✔✔Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference, low to high
6 parts of the GI tract ✔✔1) Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
large intestine function ✔✔Reabsorbs water and stores and eliminates undigested food, waste management
pyloric sphincter ✔✔Controls passage of food from stomach to small intestine
3 small intestine parts ✔✔duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Ileacecal sphincter ✔✔Between small and large intestine, prevents contents of the large intestine from entering the small intestine
Organs associated with small intestine ✔✔liver, gallbladder, pancreas
liver ✔✔secretes bile to break down fats
Gallbladder ✔✔stores bile
Pancreas ✔✔insulin and glucagon, and pancreatic juice
Heartburn and GERD ✔✔painful sensation one feels behind the breastbone when the lower esophageal sphincter allows the stomach content to reflux into the esophagus
constipation ✔✔the passage of a hard, dry stool
diverticulosis ✔✔increase risk with age, small pouches push out weak spot in the colon where food particles then get trapped and cause inflammation or infection
Glycogen ✔✔Storage form of glucose
Monosaccharides ✔✔glucose, fructose, galactose (simple sugars)
Disaccharide ✔✔A double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides: sucrose, lactose, maltose
Polysaccharides ✔✔complex carbohydrates
hypertension
increased blood triglycerides and low HDL
Protein ✔✔vital for body structure, regulate body functions, fluid balance, hormone and enzyme production, and fuel to cells
amino acids ✔✔20 different ALL needed
nonessential amino acids ✔✔amino acids that the body can make, 11
essential amino acids ✔✔Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body, 9
Denaturation ✔✔process of disrupting and destroying a protein's structure
Pepsin ✔✔Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach
Trypsin ✔✔an enzyme from the pancreas that digests proteins in the small intestine
protein functions ✔✔1) Body structure
Maintaining fluid balance
Contribute to acid base balance
Hormones and enzymes
Contribute to immune function
Provide energy and satiety
Protein in Adults ✔✔0.8g per kg of body weight
Animal protein ✔✔high quality
plant proteins ✔✔incomplete proteins
Kwashiorkor ✔✔severe protein lack; edema, weight loss, growth impairment, fatty liver, tired
Marasmus ✔✔means waste away, severe weight loss, wasting muscle and fat
fatty acids ✔✔1) saturated
Atherosclerosis ✔✔condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries
LDL cholesterol ✔✔bad cholesterol
HDL cholesterol ✔✔good cholesterol
Primary place fats are absorbed... ✔✔small intestine
non-fermentable fiber ✔✔insoluble fiber
Organ important in digestion that occur in small intestine... ✔✔gallbladder
IBS ✔✔Not well understood, bloating and abdominal pain
Bile ✔✔secreted in small intestine for digestion of fats
complementary proteins ✔✔2 or more plant proteins combine
LDL ✔✔delivers cholesterol into cells
Chylomicrons ✔✔delivers lipids to the liver
saturated fats ✔✔fats that are solid at room temperature, no double bonds
VLDL ✔✔triglyceride, carries lipids made and taken up by the liver to cells
protein digestion ✔✔begins in the stomach, enzyme pepsin
