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NVCC BIO 101 Exam 3 / 2025 Verified Biology Exam Questions and Answers | Comprehensive A+ Study Resource Currently Testing | Northern Virginia Community College
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What are the 3 characteristics of DNA?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ 1. Must be able to code for the sequence of amino acids in proteins and control protein synthesis
Replication of DNA requires the existing double helix to separate into two template strands. This separation is accomplished by:- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Helicase Where (what site) does DNA separation happen?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Replication Fork (Origin) of the Replication Site After the DNA strands have been separated ___ stabilizes the individual strands so that replication can continue.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Topoisomerase ___ assembles an RNA primer at the origin of the replication site.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Primase Is this statement correct? DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to RNA primer. The DNA nucleotides are collected from the cell's cytoplasm.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True The RNA primer is removed and replaced with an appropriate sequence of DNA nucleotides. Which enzymes help to directly facilitate this process?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Nucleotide Replacement Enzymes Regarding DNA replication: One strand is replicated continuously toward the unwinding site and the other strand is replicated discontinuously in the other direction with the formation of a series of short segments called Okazaki fragments. Which strand contains the Okazaki fragments?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ The Lagging Strand Which enzymes are responsible for strengthening the bonds present in the "the backbone" of the DNA molecule?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Ligase Is this statement correct? When DNA polymerase enters the process of replication, it moves from 5' to 3' (continuously) on the leading strand.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True A ___ can be defined as a sequence of bases in DNA that codes for the synthesis of one polypeptide.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Codon Is this statement correct? The entire DNA molecule is twisted into a right-handed helix with one complete spiral every 10 base pairs.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True
Is this statement correct? The presence of some unusual bases (other than adenine cytosine, guanine, or uracil) disrupts the normal base pairing and forms loops in the molecule in messenger RNA.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True The center loop (the anticodon loop) has a sequence of three unpaired bases called the anticodon. During translation, the pairing of the mRNA codon with its complementary anticodon of tRNA appropriately positions the ___ ___ that tRNA carries so that polypeptide formation can begin.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Amino Acids Is this statement correct? Attachment of the mRNA requires that the initiation codon (AUG) of mRNA be aligned with the P (peptidyl) site of the ribosome.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True Is this statement correct? Ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis, consist of large and small subunits that help organize the pairing between the codon and the anticodon.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True Is this statement correct? A tRNA with a complementary anticodon for methionine binds to the mRNA and a large subunit joins, forming a complete and functional ribosome that is ready to produce polypeptides.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True Which site is known as the acceptor site on the small ribosomal subunit?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ The A Site The mRNA strand moves the distance of one codon so that the amino acids that were in the A site move to the P site, and the amino acid that was in the P site moves to the:- CORRECT ANSWER โโ The E Site: "Exit" Is this statement correct? Translation ends when a termination codon for methionine (AUG) is encountered.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ False: Translation ends when a Stop Codon is encountered. Methionine (AUG) is a Start Codon ___ is the study of how biological information is transmitted from one generation to the next.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Genetics Is this statement correct? DNA wraps in a coil tightly around the histone protein to form a combination is called a nucleosome.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True
Is this statement correct? Inactive portions of chromosomes produce dark banding patterns with certain staining procedures and thus are called euchromatin.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ False, Eurochromatin stains lighter The inheritance of environmentally induced genetic changes in a species called The X-Y system of humans and fruit flies are types of:- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Speciation / Epigenetics Is this statement correct? In mammals, the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True Is this statement correct? Sex-linkage is when the phenotypic expression of an allele is dependent on the gender of the individual and is directly tied to the sex chromosomes.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ False: It is directly tied to the sex chromosomes, but not necessarily dependent on the gender Most animals have two sets, or 2N chromosomes, this is the diploid condition. Some animals have only one set, or N chromosomes (like gametes) and are haploid whereas, other animals have more than the diploid number of chromosomes. This condition is called ___.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Polyploidy Is this statement correct? Condensation of genetic material (into chromosomes) prior to cell division is necessary so that DNA can get appropriately distributed between daughter cells.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True Is this statement correct? Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, and cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True: M-phase Mitosis Is this statement correct? Interphase is the time between the end of cytokinesis and the beginning of the next mitotic division. Most of the cell cycle is spent in interphase.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True Where does DNA replication occur (what phase)?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ S-Phase / Interphase ___ is usually the longest interval of interphase and is a period of cell growth and time for the functional metabolic activities that are characteristic of the particular cell type.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ G
Is this statement correct? There are three cell-cycle checkpoints (G1, G2, and M-phase) where the cell cycle can be halted by DNA damage, starvation, or the absence of growth factors. These checkpoints can help prevent disease.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True The production of gametes (not somatic/body cells) requires a different process of cell division to bring the gametes (germ-line cells) to the haploid number of chromosomes (1N). This process is called ___ .- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Meiosis In meiosis two nuclear divisions results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. This number of chromosomes is referred to as the:- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Diploid (2 pairs) During prophase I, homologous chromosomes line up side-by-side in a process called synapsis. This process forms a ___ of chromatids. It contains two homologous chromosomes; one is maternal in origin and one is paternal in origin. Synapsis also initiates a series of events called crossing over, whereby the non-sister chromatids of the two homologous chromosomes in a tetrad exchange DNA segments. This, coupled with independent assortment in metaphase 1, helps to ensure genetic diversity in the resulting daughter cells.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Tetrad Is this statement correct? In humans, meiosis is a process that produces sperm and eggs.- CORRECT ANSWER โโ True What is a tetrad?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ a pair of homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) What is helicase?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ enzyme that unzips DNA 3x bond = C & T 2x bond = A & T- CORRECT ANSWER โโ 3x bond = C & T 2x bond = A & T What is a replication fork?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ a Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongating
What is topoisomerase?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ corrects "overwinding" ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands What is primase?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ RNA polymerase What is RNA polymerase?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ The enzyme that makes RNA from DNA. nucleotide replacement enzyme- CORRECT ANSWER โโ replaces the nucleotide at the end of the DNA sequence What is the lagging strand?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ The strand where DNA replication moves away from the replication fork What is a Ligase enzyme?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ Enzyme used to join two parts of DNA to form the new recombinant DNA What is a codon?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid What is DNA transcription?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ process of writing a copy of DNA into mRNA What is DNA translation?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ the process of decoding the mRNA into an amino acid chain (protein) What are introns?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ non-coding regions What are extrons?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ coding regions What is an anticodon?- CORRECT ANSWER โโ a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. Polyploidy- CORRECT ANSWER โโ condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes