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NVCC BIO 101 Exam 3 / 2025 Verified Biology Exam Questions and Answers | Comprehensive A+, Exams of Nursing

NVCC BIO 101 Exam 3 / 2025 Verified Biology Exam Questions and Answers | Comprehensive A+ Study Resource Currently Testing | Northern Virginia Community College

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NVCC BIO 101 Exam 3 / 2025 Verified Biology Exam Questions and
Answers | Comprehensive A+ Study Resource Currently Testing |
Northern Virginia Community College
What are the 3 characteristics of DNA?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” 1. Must be able to code for the sequence of
amino acids in proteins and control protein synthesis
2. Must be able to replicate itself prior to cell division
3. Must be able to change over time to account for evolutionary change (evolution)
Is this statement correct? Two kinds of molecules participate in protein synthesis: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
and ribonucleic acid (RNA).- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True
Is this statement correct? The purines, cytosine, thymine, and uracil, have a single-ring structure.- CORRECT
ANSWER โœ”โœ” False: They are not Purines
Is this statement correct? Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acid has one less hydroxyl group than ribonucleic acid
(RNA)- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True
Is this statement correct? Each strand of DNA is oriented such that the 3' carbons of deoxyribose in one strand
are oriented in the opposite directions from the 3' carbons in the other strand, thus, the two strands of DNA have
opposite orientations and the DNA molecule is said to be antiparallel.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True
Is this statement correct? In a DNA molecule, adenine always bonds to thymine, and cytosine always bonds
with guanine- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True
Is this statement correct? Thymine is not present in a DNA molecule.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” False: It's
present ONLY in DNA
Is this statement correct? There is a triple bond between cytosine and guanine and a double bond between
adenine and thymine. Both bonds are hydrogen bonds and, coupled with hydrophobic forces, help the DNA
molecule remain together.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True
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NVCC BIO 101 Exam 3 / 2025 Verified Biology Exam Questions and

Answers | Comprehensive A+ Study Resource Currently Testing |

Northern Virginia Community College

What are the 3 characteristics of DNA?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” 1. Must be able to code for the sequence of amino acids in proteins and control protein synthesis

  1. Must be able to replicate itself prior to cell division
  2. Must be able to change over time to account for evolutionary change (evolution) Is this statement correct? Two kinds of molecules participate in protein synthesis: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Is this statement correct? The purines, cytosine, thymine, and uracil, have a single-ring structure.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” False: They are not Purines Is this statement correct? Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acid has one less hydroxyl group than ribonucleic acid (RNA)- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Is this statement correct? Each strand of DNA is oriented such that the 3' carbons of deoxyribose in one strand are oriented in the opposite directions from the 3' carbons in the other strand, thus, the two strands of DNA have opposite orientations and the DNA molecule is said to be antiparallel.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Is this statement correct? In a DNA molecule, adenine always bonds to thymine, and cytosine always bonds with guanine- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Is this statement correct? Thymine is not present in a DNA molecule.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” False: It's present ONLY in DNA Is this statement correct? There is a triple bond between cytosine and guanine and a double bond between adenine and thymine. Both bonds are hydrogen bonds and, coupled with hydrophobic forces, help the DNA molecule remain together.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True

Replication of DNA requires the existing double helix to separate into two template strands. This separation is accomplished by:- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Helicase Where (what site) does DNA separation happen?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Replication Fork (Origin) of the Replication Site After the DNA strands have been separated ___ stabilizes the individual strands so that replication can continue.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Topoisomerase ___ assembles an RNA primer at the origin of the replication site.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Primase Is this statement correct? DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides to RNA primer. The DNA nucleotides are collected from the cell's cytoplasm.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True The RNA primer is removed and replaced with an appropriate sequence of DNA nucleotides. Which enzymes help to directly facilitate this process?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Nucleotide Replacement Enzymes Regarding DNA replication: One strand is replicated continuously toward the unwinding site and the other strand is replicated discontinuously in the other direction with the formation of a series of short segments called Okazaki fragments. Which strand contains the Okazaki fragments?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” The Lagging Strand Which enzymes are responsible for strengthening the bonds present in the "the backbone" of the DNA molecule?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Ligase Is this statement correct? When DNA polymerase enters the process of replication, it moves from 5' to 3' (continuously) on the leading strand.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True A ___ can be defined as a sequence of bases in DNA that codes for the synthesis of one polypeptide.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Codon Is this statement correct? The entire DNA molecule is twisted into a right-handed helix with one complete spiral every 10 base pairs.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True

Is this statement correct? The presence of some unusual bases (other than adenine cytosine, guanine, or uracil) disrupts the normal base pairing and forms loops in the molecule in messenger RNA.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True The center loop (the anticodon loop) has a sequence of three unpaired bases called the anticodon. During translation, the pairing of the mRNA codon with its complementary anticodon of tRNA appropriately positions the ___ ___ that tRNA carries so that polypeptide formation can begin.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Amino Acids Is this statement correct? Attachment of the mRNA requires that the initiation codon (AUG) of mRNA be aligned with the P (peptidyl) site of the ribosome.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Is this statement correct? Ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis, consist of large and small subunits that help organize the pairing between the codon and the anticodon.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Is this statement correct? A tRNA with a complementary anticodon for methionine binds to the mRNA and a large subunit joins, forming a complete and functional ribosome that is ready to produce polypeptides.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Which site is known as the acceptor site on the small ribosomal subunit?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” The A Site The mRNA strand moves the distance of one codon so that the amino acids that were in the A site move to the P site, and the amino acid that was in the P site moves to the:- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” The E Site: "Exit" Is this statement correct? Translation ends when a termination codon for methionine (AUG) is encountered.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” False: Translation ends when a Stop Codon is encountered. Methionine (AUG) is a Start Codon ___ is the study of how biological information is transmitted from one generation to the next.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Genetics Is this statement correct? DNA wraps in a coil tightly around the histone protein to form a combination is called a nucleosome.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True

Is this statement correct? Inactive portions of chromosomes produce dark banding patterns with certain staining procedures and thus are called euchromatin.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” False, Eurochromatin stains lighter The inheritance of environmentally induced genetic changes in a species called The X-Y system of humans and fruit flies are types of:- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Speciation / Epigenetics Is this statement correct? In mammals, the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Is this statement correct? Sex-linkage is when the phenotypic expression of an allele is dependent on the gender of the individual and is directly tied to the sex chromosomes.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” False: It is directly tied to the sex chromosomes, but not necessarily dependent on the gender Most animals have two sets, or 2N chromosomes, this is the diploid condition. Some animals have only one set, or N chromosomes (like gametes) and are haploid whereas, other animals have more than the diploid number of chromosomes. This condition is called ___.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Polyploidy Is this statement correct? Condensation of genetic material (into chromosomes) prior to cell division is necessary so that DNA can get appropriately distributed between daughter cells.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Is this statement correct? Mitosis is the division of the nucleus, and cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True: M-phase Mitosis Is this statement correct? Interphase is the time between the end of cytokinesis and the beginning of the next mitotic division. Most of the cell cycle is spent in interphase.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True Where does DNA replication occur (what phase)?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” S-Phase / Interphase ___ is usually the longest interval of interphase and is a period of cell growth and time for the functional metabolic activities that are characteristic of the particular cell type.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” G

Is this statement correct? There are three cell-cycle checkpoints (G1, G2, and M-phase) where the cell cycle can be halted by DNA damage, starvation, or the absence of growth factors. These checkpoints can help prevent disease.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True The production of gametes (not somatic/body cells) requires a different process of cell division to bring the gametes (germ-line cells) to the haploid number of chromosomes (1N). This process is called ___ .- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Meiosis In meiosis two nuclear divisions results in four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. This number of chromosomes is referred to as the:- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Diploid (2 pairs) During prophase I, homologous chromosomes line up side-by-side in a process called synapsis. This process forms a ___ of chromatids. It contains two homologous chromosomes; one is maternal in origin and one is paternal in origin. Synapsis also initiates a series of events called crossing over, whereby the non-sister chromatids of the two homologous chromosomes in a tetrad exchange DNA segments. This, coupled with independent assortment in metaphase 1, helps to ensure genetic diversity in the resulting daughter cells.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Tetrad Is this statement correct? In humans, meiosis is a process that produces sperm and eggs.- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” True What is a tetrad?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” a pair of homologous chromosomes (4 chromatids) What is helicase?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” enzyme that unzips DNA 3x bond = C & T 2x bond = A & T- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” 3x bond = C & T 2x bond = A & T What is a replication fork?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” a Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongating

What is topoisomerase?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” corrects "overwinding" ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands What is primase?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” RNA polymerase What is RNA polymerase?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” The enzyme that makes RNA from DNA. nucleotide replacement enzyme- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” replaces the nucleotide at the end of the DNA sequence What is the lagging strand?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” The strand where DNA replication moves away from the replication fork What is a Ligase enzyme?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” Enzyme used to join two parts of DNA to form the new recombinant DNA What is a codon?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid What is DNA transcription?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” process of writing a copy of DNA into mRNA What is DNA translation?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” the process of decoding the mRNA into an amino acid chain (protein) What are introns?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” non-coding regions What are extrons?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” coding regions What is an anticodon?- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA. Polyploidy- CORRECT ANSWER โœ”โœ” condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes