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NYS EMT-B STATE EXAM WRITTEN EXAM
| QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) |
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An EMS Provider responds to a call and finds an 8- yr old female with no pulse or respirations. The patient has a history of terminal brain cancer. The family states the last time she as seen alive was 5 mins prior to EMS being called. They also state patient has a DNR oder. In NYS, EMS personnel may accept which of the following DNR instruments as valid? Verbal request from family A. Written non-hospital B. DNR or MOLST form C. Written healthcare proxy D. Written living will Correct Answer: Written out-of-hospital DNR OR MOLST FORM Implied Consent exists when a patient is suffering from a life-threatening injury or illness and is: a. Under police custody b. A threat to himself and others c. Under age of 18
d. Unconscious Correct Answer: D. unconscious The opposite of distal is a. Superior b. Medial c. Lateral d. Proximal Correct Answer: D. Proximal The chamber of the heart that is most muscular and that pumps the most blood into the aorta is the a. Right atrium b. Left ventricle c. Right ventricle d. Left atrium Correct Answer: B. LEFT VENTRICLE In correct sequence (VERTEBRAE SECTIONS) and number in each section Correct Answer: cervical (7), thoracic (5), lumbar (12), sacral (5), and coccygeal (4)
You are treating an alert 35-year old trauma patient. You palpate a strong radial pulse of
- Your partner has taken the patient's blood pressure and advised you that it is 68/32. You should: a. Suspect the accuracy of the pressure reading and reevaluate it b. Accept the reading as accurate c. Ask you partner to retake BP reading again in 15 min d. Treat patient for hypertension immediately Correct Answer: A. suspect the accuracy of the pressure reading and reevaluate it yourself A correct statement about diastolic blood pressure is that it is the pressure a. Exists when heart left ventricle is refilling b. Due to the contraction of the ventricles of the heart c. Caused by contraction of the atria of heart d. Caused by relaxation of the walls of the major arteries Correct Answer: d. Caused by relaxation of the walls of the major arteries All of the following are symptoms EXCEPT? a. Headache b. Weak pulse c. Chest pain d. Nausea Correct Answer: B. weak pulse
sign vs symptom Correct Answer: a sign is a physical manifestation (objective)- something you can measure symptom is what the patient tells you about the disease (subjective) For a patient with a suspected lumbar spinal injury, the BEST device for moving the patient as a single unit over uneven terrain is the: A. wheeled stretcher B. long spine board C. flexible stretcher D. short spine board Correct Answer: B. long spine board Which of the following is the best indicator of the quality of ventilations A. chest expansion B. pupil size C. blood pressure D. skin color Correct Answer: A. CHEST EXPANSION What is the best measure of respiration?
because you can maintain a better seal While performing ventilations on an infant or child in respiratory arrest, you should ventilate every A. 5-6 seconds B. 3-5 seconds C. 1-2 seconds Correct Answer: B. 3 - 5 seconds The oropharyngeal airway will help keep the tongue away from the a. Posterior pharyngeal wall b. Nasal passage c. Epiglottis d. Posterior larynx Correct Answer: a. Posterior pharyngeal wall You are called to the home of a patient who is on physician prescribed low- concentration oxygen and who is NOT in acute respiratory distress. Which type of oxygen delivery device should you use during transport? A. NRB B. Flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device (FROPVD) C. BVM w/ supplemental oxygen D. Nasal cannula
Correct Answer: D. Nasal cannula Used specifically for someone not in respiratory distress and prescribed O2 from doctor An EMS provider is treating a patient who has a head injury resulting from a blow by a baseball bat. What other problem are likely to be present? A. Hypothermia B. Hypertensive shock due to blood loss C. Spinal injuries D. Lung collapse Correct Answer: C. Spinal injuries biggest risk for someone with a massive injury is? Correct Answer: Airway problem In a HEALTHY person, respiration is controlled by level A. carbon dioxide B. blood sugar C. oxygen D. carbon monoxide Correct Answer: A. carbon dioxide
- normal stimulus to breathe: HIGH CO In patients with COPD respiration is controlled by?
D. check for breathing Correct Answer: C. Determine unresponsiveness (GEN IMP, LOC, CC) During the Prim. Assessment, you are assessing a conscious trauma patient complaining loudly of pain in the leg, you should: A. begin to obtain the history B. assess the leg immediately C. discontinue the Primary Assessment and start the Detailed Physical Examination D. continue with your Primary Assessment Correct Answer: D. Continue with Primary Assessment Which of the following measures is NOT part of the Primary Assessment of an accident victim? A. assessing the pulse quality B. manual stabilization of the cervical spine C. suctioning of the airway D. taking patient history Correct Answer: D. Taking patient history Any physical exam of a patient should begin with A inspection B manipulation
C stabilization D palpation Correct Answer: A inspection the "A" in the mnemonic AVPU stands for for Correct Answer: ALERT A 65-yr old male was involve in a two motor vehicle crash. Upon examination, he complains of chest pain when breathing and tenderness of the sternum. Your INITIAL care should include: A stabilizing the sternum B positioning the patient on his side C administering high-concentration oxygen D administering the patient's prescribed nitroglycerin Correct Answer: C Administering high-conc oxygen When spinal injuries are suspected, the EMS provider should FIRST A hyperextend the neck to secure the airway B determine the extent of the paralysis C apply an extrication collar D apply manual stabilization and secure the airway Correct Answer: D apply manual stabilization and secure the airway
If life threatening conditions are identified during the focused history and physical exam, the EMT should immediately: a. repeat the Primary Assessment b. take vital signs c. begin transportation efforts d. provide life-saving interventions Correct Answer: D. provide life-saving interventions Which one of the following instructions applies to the performance of mask-to-stoma ventilation on a person who has had a COMPLETE laryngectomy? a. the nose and mouth must be manually sealed off b. perform Head tilt neck lift maneuver to open the airway c. the nose must be sealed off d. neither the nose nor mouth must be sealed off Correct Answer: d. neither the nose nor mouth must be sealed off Treating for a complete stoma vs incomplete stoma Correct Answer: COMPLETE: stoma down to lungs, DONT SEAL NOSE OR MOUTH INCOMPLETE: seal mouth and nose
When a patient is stable, EMS provider should repeat the ongoing assessment every Correct Answer: 15 minutes In performing an ongoing assessment on a 10-yr old pedestrian struck by a MV, the EMS provider's first step is to, a) recheck vital signs b) repeat the primary assessment c) check the interventions d) repeat a rapid assessment Correct Answer: b) repeat the primary assessment The pre-hospital care report PCR is considered to be a) part of patient's hospital chart b) matter of public record c) inadmissible in a court of law d) research document only Correct Answer: A) part of patient's hospital chart Before assisting patient's in taking their own nitroglycerin, and EMS provider must check the: a. Expiration date b. Physicians name c. Color of tablet
While carrying concrete blocks at a construction site, a 58 yr old man suddenly develops chest pain and shortness of breath- appears frightened, vomits, and has cool clammy skins. thse are probably signs of a- hiatal hernia b- heat exhaustion c- fatigue d- heart attack Correct Answer: D. heart attack A building contractor, under tremendous pressure to meet a job deadline, experiences diffuse pain in his chest. The pain lasts for several minutes, then disappears w/ rest. The EMS provider should suspect a- angina pectoris b- muscular cramps c- pulmonary edema d- congestive heart failure Correct Answer: A. angina pectoris What acute disorder of the Cardiovascular system is caused by sudden blockage of coronary arteries a. Angina pectoris b. Myocardial infarction c. Stroke
Correct Answer: B. Myocardial infarction Angina vs Heart attack Correct Answer: angina: spastic constriction of the arteries Heart attack: sudden blockage of arteries You are treating a patient who is complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing. You should have the patient lie: a) flat and take slow deep breaths b) in whatever position feels most comfortable c) on his/her back w/ head elevated and take fast shallow breaths d) in a coma position Correct Answer: b) in whatever position feels most comfortable
- A 62-yr old male is complaining of breathing difficulty and left arm pain radiating to the right jaw. Vital signs BP 90/60, P= 120, R=24. The patient should be administed: Correct Answer: A. high-conc oxygen and should be placed in a position of comfort for ease of breathing Immediately after delivering an initial shock to the patient, the EMS provider should a- give 2 ventilations b- perform compressions
- increases the metabolic rate in conditions such as fever or shivering SIGNS
- rapid onset
- drunken stupor
- pale, sweaty skin,
- tachycardia
- rapid breathing
- seizures RESULTS
- starvation of brain cells
- altered mental status
- unconsciousness
- permanent brain damage Hypoglycemia vs Hyperglycemia Correct Answer: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar, high insulin)- RAPID ONSET Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar, low insulin) Which one of the following is the medical term for a low blood sugar concentration? Correct Answer: hypoglycemia
Which of the following is a sign assoc. with a patient w/ a history of diabetes who has an altered mental status? a. Flushed face b. Slow pulse c. Drunken appearance d. Warm dry skin Correct Answer: C. drunken appearance A 21 yr old male is found sitting in an automobile in a parking lot. He has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes. Your attempt to question him yields little info, as his responses are inappropriate for the questions. Your treatment for this patient include: a. Suctioning patients airway b. Full immobilization of patients head neck and spine c. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth d. Open airway with OPA Correct Answer: C. Administration of a glucose solution by mouth
- AMS//likely hypoglycemia Sugar passess from the blood to the cells w/ the aid of a chemical susbtances known as Correct Answer: insulin Which of the following are the signs of a severe allergic reaction
