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OAE 013 Early Childhood Special
Education / Strategies Review of Key
Quizzes & Correct Answers.
_____________Quiz____________?
- An early childhood special education teacher is reviewing research on child abuse and neglect. The most effective protective factor against child maltreatment has been proven to be: A. a supportive family environment and social networks. B. two married parents or caregivers living together in the home. C. large amounts of one-on-one time spent between the child and his or her family. D. a higher education level of the child's caregivers. -
Answer ✓✓
A. a supportive family environment and social networks.
- Protective factors are conditions or attributes in individuals, families, communities, or the larger society that, when present, migrate or eliminate risk in families. Research has shown that protective factors are linked to a lower incidence of child abuse and neglect. Many protective factors have been studied, but the one that has been proven most reliable and effective is a supportive family environment and social networks. _____________Quiz____________?
- According to research, a baby's brain continues to develop after birth, primarily because of: A. sensory experiences. B. environmental factors. C. family history.
D. physical well-being. -
Answer ✓✓
A. sensory experiences.
- An infants brain development is heavily dependent on sensory experiences beginning immediately after birth. Touching, holding, comforting, rocking, singing, and talking to a baby all provide stimulation for brain development. _____________Quiz____________?
- A kindergarten teacher observes that during many of the free-play activities, two children with disabilities are often excluded and left to play by themselves. The kindergarten teacher conferences with the special education teacher to discuss ways to help all students interact more inclusively. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for achieving this goal? A. assigning different partners each day with the direction that they participate together in all activities B. videotaping a typical day and then showing it to the class to illustrate their exclusionary practices C. organizing a whole-group activity or game during the beginning of each free-play time D. providing opportunities for small-group activities with a set goal such as finishing a puzzle
Answer ✓✓
C. organizing a whole-group activity or game during the beginning of each free-play time
- Organizing a whole-group activity or game during the beginning of each free-play time will allow all of the children to participate, get to know one another better, and be more comfortable with one another. By modeling and encouraging positive social skills, behaviors, and language, the teacher should be gradually be able to release control of fee-play activities to children, once expectations have been established. _____________Quiz____________?
- A preschooler with dyspraxia would likely have the most difficulty with which of the following activities? A. sitting in a circle listening to a book being read
- Premature infants are at risk for delays across developmental domains. Which of the following interventions is supported by research to have a positive impact on the physical development of premature infants? A. increased oxygen levels in the incubator B. skin-to-skin contact with a caregiver C. classical music played in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) D. being read to by a caregiver -
Answer ✓✓
B. skin-to-skin contact with a caregiver.
- Studies have shown that one hour each day of skin-to-skin contact with a primary caregiver leads to many benefits. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends skin-to-skin contact for premature infants to reduce infant stress and increase nursing and weight gain for low birth weight infants. A more recent comprehensive study by Harvard School of Public Health concluded that skin-to-skin contact especially the first days of life dramatically decreased the rate of mortality premature infants. _____________Quiz____________?
- Two five-year-old children in a prekindergarten class are reluctant to attempt new tasks, repeatedly telling the teacher they "can't do it" and asking the teacher to "do it for me." Which of the following responses by the teacher would likely be most effective for helping children develop attitudes of greater self confidence and motivation to learn? A. assigning the children extremely simple task and commending them for completion of the tasks B. telling the children that no matter how well they have preformed a task, they should feel proud of the work they have done C. having the children work together on tasks and encouraging them to help one another to be successful D. praising the children's ability when they succeed at a task and fostering effort and persistence at tasks they find challenging -
Answer ✓✓
D. praising the children's ability when they succeed at a task and fostering effort and persistence at tasks they find challenging
- Children Who demonstrate learned helplessness expect not to be able to control outcomes. They typically attribute their failures to lack of ability and their successes to external factors (e.g., to luck). Researchers have recommended helping such children alter both their ability attributions (e.g., by telling them, "This is a lot like when you did. You can do this.") and their effort attributions (e.g., by telling them, "Keep trying, don't give up."). Research further suggest that encouraging children to focus on learning instead of on showing how well they can preform can be an effective teaching strategy. _____________Quiz____________?
- Two teachers are planning a learning environment for toddlers between one and two years of age. According to the theories of Erik Erickson, for children of this age it would be especially important to create an environment that reinforces the children's: A. ability to pay attention during group activities such as show-and-tell. B. recognition that familiar objects and people still exist when unseen. C. mastery of basic self-care skills such as toileting and feeding. D. desire to establish close relationships, including having a best friend. -
Answer ✓✓
C. mastery of basic self-care skills such as toileting and feeding.
- According to Ericksons psychosocial theories, toddlers face that developmental task of gaining a greater sense of personal control. For children of this age, learning to successfully accomplish tasks such as using the toilet independently and choosing what to eat helps them develop a sense of security and self-confidence, as opposed to feelings of insecurity and self-doubt _____________Quiz____________?
- Sarah is a three-year-old child who lives with her mother and one younger brother. Sarah's mother is unemployed and without extended family nearby. The family recently moved to a homeless shelter after losing their apartment. There is no predictable schedule for their days or nights. As a result of this situation, Sarah would most likely: A. experience adverse affects on her concentration and memory. B. have a greater chance of developing certain disorders such as asthma. C. experience in increase in her resilience and determination to succeed. D. have a greater understanding of the range of human emotions. -
C. understanding pragmatic language
- Asperger syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder under the category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It is generally characterized as difficulty with social interactions, restricted ranges of interest, repetitive behaviors, and difficulty with nonverbal communication. While many individuals with Asperger syndrome demonstrate average to a above average vocabulary skills, significant difficulties with processing and using figurative and pragmatic language and conversational speech are often characteristic. _____________Quiz____________?
- A general education teacher and an early childhood special education teacher both co- teach in a kindergarten classroom, and they are planning for an upcoming visit from a children's book author. The author will first briefly discuss her life as a writer and will then read aloud one of her books to the class. She will also provide children with an opportunity to ask questions related to her life and her work. Each child will create a thank you card for the author that includes a short message and an illustration that represents what each child learned from the visit. The teacher considers the needs of a child with a fine motor impairment in planning this task. Which of the following activities related to the authors visit will most likely need to be modified to support the needs of this particular child? A. asking questions associated with the authors work and life B. remaining seated during the authors read aloud -
Answer ✓✓
D. drawing an illustration for the card
- a fine-motor impairment affects a child's ability to use small body movements, such as in the hand or wrist. Thus, drawing an illustration would be difficult or a child with fine-motor impairment. _____________Quiz____________?
- An early childhood special education teacher is working on expanding the communication skills of Esther, a six-month-old child who has not begun to coo or babble and rarely attempts to make any verbal sounds. Her pediatrician has found no physical reason for Esther's lack of verbal communication. Which of the following strategies would be most effective for this teacher to try with Esther? A. moving a colorful, noisy toy within Esther's visual range and giving it to her after she makes eye contact
B. immersing Esther in sound by playing lively music or recorded stories in the background whenever she is awake C. arranging to have Esther participate in a weekly baby group so she has the opportunity to interact with other infants D. conversing with Esther about what is happening while changing her diapers, dressing, and feeding her -
Answer ✓✓
D. conversing with Esther about what is happening while changing her diapers, dressing, and feeding her
- Babies will imitate sounds that they hear. Their favorite is the human voice, especially that of the mother or significant caregiver. Conversing with Esther throughout the day would be the best way to encourage her to imitate the sounds _____________Quiz____________?
- Which of the following would be the most effective assessment tool to use when determining a preschooler's letter recognition skills? A. checklist B. observation C. anecdotal record D. rubric -
Answer ✓✓
A. checklist
- When assessing a preschooler's letter recognition skills, the easiest and most effective assessment tool would be the checklist because it involves answering a yes or no question. Does the child recognize the lower case letter a? Yes or no. An observation or anecdotal record would not be appropriate because interaction with the child is necessary to find out what they know. A rubric is best used when there is more detail to the answer to the question or problem. _____________Quiz____________?
- At the beginning of the school year, a third-grade student scored below the benchmark on the universal screening assessment for reading fluency. Her teacher began collecting
- At the end of the school year, a preschool special education teacher assesses each of her students moving up to kindergarten. She asks questions and asks them to do a series of academic tasks. The kindergarten teacher will use the results of the assessment to gain an understanding of the children's strengths and weaknesses and pass this information on to next year's teacher and the children's parents. This type of testing is limiting in its scope because: A. skills tests by a familiar teacher often get unreliable results B. the techniques used for oral-response tests are not always well developed. C. it is time consuming for the teacher and hard for a five year old to complete D. skills are tested in isolation and may not be indicators of final performance -
Answer ✓✓
D. skills are tested in isolation and may not be indicators of final performance
- According to current research, children actively construct knowledge and skills that when tested in isolation are not always reliable. For a young child, one assessment of any kind provides only a partial picture of his or her performance. A more developmentally appropriate means of identifying strengths and weaknesses would be a portfolio of the child's work throughout the year to show a learning progression with areas of mastery and need. _____________Quiz____________?
- Elena is a preschooler with a form of spina bifida known as myelomeningocele. Which of the following medical conditions is most closely associated with this condition? A. leukemia B. hydrocephalus C. type 1 diabetes D. hyperactivity -
Answer ✓✓
B. hydrocephalus
- Spina bifida is a birth defect that involves the incomplete development development of the spinal cord or its coverings. Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida. It occurs when the meningsthe connective tissue layer that cover the brain and spinal cord- push through the hole in the back, and the spinal cord also pushes through. A child born
with this type of spina bifida is likely to have hydrocephalus, an accumulation of fluid in and around the brain. _____________Quiz____________?
- Ashton is a five-year-old who has weakened bones associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). He has spent most of his time in the hospital or at home with his parents and older sisters. He recently began attending a general education kindergarten class in a wheelchair with the assistance of a paraprofessional. Ashton's physical condition will most likely affect his academic performance as a result of: A. restricted social interaction B. limited life experiences C. inexperience with classroom routines D. undeveloped attention span -
Answer ✓✓
B. limited life experiences
- Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), or brittle bone disease, is a congenital disorder that results in fragile bones that break easily. This condition often limits a child's physical exploration as well as experiences in different locations and environments. Research indicates that early childhood experiences, including varied physical activities and gross-motor development, have a great impact on a child cognitive and literacy development. _____________Quiz____________?
- Five-year-old Silvio, a student with spina bifida, will be attending a general education preschool class in the upcoming year. Silvio uses a power wheelchair, which he propels independently. Which of the following issues would be especially important for Silvio's preschool teacher to be aware of in order to promote Silvio's health and physical wellbeing in the classroom? A. checking Silvio's wheelchair thoroughly for proper function on Monday of each week B. ensuring that Silvio's pressure-relief regimen is followed every day without fail C. isolating Silvio whenever one or more of his classmates shows any signs of illness D. confirming each day that Silvio has been administered his required daily medications -
Answer ✓✓
B. determine which goals can be best addressed through the child's typical routines and activities C. identify which is the most convenient location for service providers to meet with the child, and arrange for the family to visit D. establish the family's willingness and ability to participate in home visits -
Answer ✓✓
B. determine which goals can be best addressed through the child's typical routines and activities
- An IFSP Approach includes the whole family, not just the child, in developing and implementing a plan to address early intervention services in the child's natural environment. Most visits will take place within the home, although a child care setting, preschool, or early education program that also and rolls children without disabilities can be considered the child's natural environment. And IFSP is developed based on a comprehensive assessment of the child needs as well as the needs and concerns of the family. _____________Quiz____________?
- A kindergarten teacher and an early childhood special education teacher will be co- teaching a class of diverse learners including two children with behavioral disabilities. The teachers want to design a learning environment that will promote a feeling of competence and active participation for all children in the class. Which of the following plans would be the most effective for achieving this goal? A. arranging for children with academic and behavioral issues to work at a slower, more comfortable pace B. creating clear and consistent classroom schedules and routines in order to impart a sense of security and reliability C. organizing small cooperative groups of children who span the academic spectrum in order to promote a sense of equality D. establishing a hand signal that each child can use to leave the class when they feel tired or overwhelmed -
Answer ✓✓
B. creating clear and consistent classroom schedules and routines in order to impart a sense of security and reliability
- Based on research of children with behavioral disabilities, establishing routines and schedules for how things are done and teaching these routines to the children can help them stay on target in a classroom. For example, it is important to implement consistent routine's for those times when children have to make a transition from one lesson to another, or four times when they have to get or put away materials. Using schedules and routines can prevent behavior problems and create a proactive and positive learning environment. _____________Quiz____________?
- A kindergarten general education teacher is concerned about Ira, a child with an intellectual disability who is consistently interrupting and disturbing other children during math centers. Ira has been observed walking around the classroom, throwing materials, poking other children, and refusing to complete center activities. The teacher has been implementing the academic modifications and accommodations outlined in Ira's IEP, and has been working closely with his paraprofessional, but Ira's behaviors continue to occur daily. Which of the following steps should the special education teacher take first to address this situation? A. conducting a functional behavioral assessment with the IEP team B. observing Ira working on math assignments in the resource room for several weeks C. reconvening the IEP team to discuss increasing social special education services during math centers D. creating a behavior intervention -
Answer ✓✓
A. conducting a functional behavioral assessment with the IEP team
- A functional behavioral assessment is a systematic process to determine the underlying function or purpose of a particular behavior so that an intervention plan can be developed. In order to determine an appropriate strategy to address Ira's behavior, it is necessary to identify why he is engaging in the behavior. Research on positive behavior intervention and supports indicates a greater likelihood of success with behavioral intervention plans when they are developed after the analysis of a functional behavioral assessment. _____________Quiz____________?
- A special education teacher and a general education teacher co-teach a kindergarten class that includes several children with disabilities. At the beginning of the school year the teachers tell the class that when they want to communicate important information, one of
_____________Quiz____________?
- Arni is a kindergarten student with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who is having difficulty adjusting to transition times during the school day. Which of the following strategies would be the most effective to help Arni handle transitions? A. providing Arni with the day's schedule simply laid out in a picture format that he can check off when each activity ends B. handing Arni a picture that represents the next activity that he will be transitioning to C. Tapping Arni on the arm and pointing out the various preparations his classmates are making to move onto the next activity D. establishing with a that the teacher will ring a bell when it is time to transition to each activity -
Answer ✓✓
A. providing Arni with the day's schedule simply laid out in a picture format that he can check off when each activity ends
- Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to think in patterns and pictures, therefore a schedule with a picture format is going to be easier for the child to follow especially when he can check off each activity. Research indicates a positive correlation between use of visual supports and schedules and an increase in appropriate behavior, task completion, and ease of transitions. Children with ASD require the consistency of a predictable schedule and the visual cues to organize their day. _____________Quiz____________?
- The most appropriate use of a functional behavior assessment (FBA) would be to: A. create a record of a child's behavior to have on file B. determine the intended purpose of a child's behavior C. identify natural consequences to address a child's behavior D. monitor whether a child's behavior is improving -
Answer ✓✓
B. determine the intended purpose of a child's behavior
- An FBA is a systematic process that uses data to identify patterns in a child's behavior and determine the purpose or function of the behavior for the child. By determining the purpose
of the behavior, educational personnel can then devise strategies and interventions to teach the child replacement behaviors and coping strategies. _____________Quiz____________?
- Teachers who have a goal of developing and supporting a sense of achievement and competence among diverse groups of children should begin by considering which of the following questions? A. Do I allow differences in culture, language, and behavior to shape my perceptions about children's motivation and ability to learn? B. How frequently do I interact with individual children to make sure that I am meeting their learning needs? C. Am I consistent in providing an equal amount of time to each child, regardless of ability, language, and behavior? D. Have I clearly communicated my belief that the children are capable of mastering the targeted concepts and skills? -
Answer ✓✓
A. Do I allow differences in culture, language, and behavior to shape my perceptions about children's motivation and ability to learn?
- Preconceived ideas about the motivation and ability of children to learn that are based on children's languages, cultures, and behaviors present a significant barrier to providing equitable instruction. For example, these preconceived ideas may lead a teacher to have lower expectations for some groups of children. To develop and support a positive classroom climate that promotes learning, achievement, and competence, a teacher must view children as individuals who have unique assets and needs and provide instruction that is responsive to those assets and needs. Therefore, the most important first step for a teacher of diverse groups of children is to reflect on potential biases or misconceptions about children. _____________Quiz____________?
- Which of the following would be a factor to consider when creating an appropriate guidance and socialization environment for preschool children? A. developing a caring community of learners B. providing an adult-guided experience for all children
_____________Quiz____________?
- A special education teacher has been teaching a second-grade student strategies for reducing the child's negative language towards others. Which of the following would be the most appropriate feedback for the teacher to give the child on a day when the child has used the strategies successfully? A. "I am very happy with your improvement in communicating appropriately with others." B. "Even though today you didn't yell or use words that don't belong in school, it's still one of your daily goals." C. "Your parents will be so proud that you've been good today and that you remembered to be nice to your friends. D. "I noticed that you remembered to take a deep breath and speak calmly to your friend when you didn't want to play anymore." -
Answer ✓✓
D. "I noticed that you remembered to take a deep breath and speak calmly to your friend when you didn't want to play anymore."
- A child who is working toward a using less negative language toward others should be given feedback that is positive and that recognizes the new replacement behaviors the child is demonstrating (e.g., taking a deep breath, speaking calmly). Feedback should not be specific to the child's actions to effectively reinforce them and should not be attached to conditions or emiotions (e.g., "I am very happy..." or "Your parents will be proud..."). _____________Quiz____________?
- Which of the following scenarios describes a child who is developing a sense of autonomy? A. The parents of three-year-old Helen wait before responding to Helen's cries after she spills her milk on her clothes. B. Five-year-old Jackson follows his friend Jennifer around the classroom, choosing all the activities that Jennifer chooses. C. A preschool teacher listens as four-year-old James explains that he is upset because the block center is closed today. D. Four-year-old Marcee carries her blanket to school every day and rests it in her lap during center activities. -
Answer ✓✓
C. A preschool teacher listens as four-year-old James explains that he is upset because the block center is closed today.
- Adults must be intentional about providing opportunities for young children to express themselves and make decisions in order to develop a sense of autonomy. One aspect of autonomy is the child's ability to cope with stress, disappointment, and changes in expectations. Even at a young age, a child can be taught strategies for managing disappointment by making appropriate responses either physically or verbally. The next step would be for the child to accept this unfortunate change in expectation and make an alternative choice or decision that will meet the child's needs. _____________Quiz____________?
- Clancy is four years old and has a developmental disability. The preschool teacher notices that anytime she asks Clancy a question such as, "Would you like to play in the water area?", Clancy always responds with "No." Clancy also becomes easily overwhelmed with the many varieties in the classroom. He typically sits alone, unsure of what to do next. Which of the following strategies should the teacher use to encourage Clancy to engage in classroom activities? A. giving Clancy directions such as, "I think it's time for you to play in the block center." B. allowing Clancy to stay at one special area throughout independent center time C. offering Clancy a choice such as, "Which center would you like to do now? The plaint or the block center?" D. providing Clancy time to begin to pursue his own interests at his own pace -
Answer ✓✓
C. offering Clancy a choice such as, "Which center would you like to do now? The plaint or the block center?"
- Offering a young child a choice is one of the first steps in developing a sense of autonomy. Children who do not develop a sense of autonomy are more likely to be dependent on others and overly influenced by peers. Autonomy also builds cognitive functioning skills such as cause-effect, problem-solving skills, and critical thinking. _____________Quiz____________?
- A kindergarten student with Down syndrome has begun sweeping objects off his desk and any other surface he passes and then laughing. When his early childhood special education teacher asks why he is doing this, the child replies, "It is funny." The teacher has
