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Anesthesia
abolition of pain by interrupting nerve impulses to the brain. Loss of sensation (partial or complete) and sometimes loss of consciousness occurs. TERM 2
Autologous Epidural Blood Patch
DEFINITION 2 Method used to repair a tear or hole in the dura mater around the spinal cord as a result of spinal anesthesia; the goals is to prevent or treat postdural puncture headaches. TERM 3
Spinal anesthesia (Block)
DEFINITION 3 single injection, subarachnoid anesthesia useful for control during vaginal or cesarean birth but not for labor. TERM 4
Opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic
DEFINITION 4 Systemic analgesic such as nalbuphine and butorphanol that relieves pain without causing significant maternal or neonatal respiratory depression and less likely to cause nausea and vomiting TERM 5
Local perineal infiltration anesthesia
DEFINITION 5 Provides rapid perineal anesthesia for performing and repairing an episiostomy or lacerations.
Nitrous oxide
Anesthetic gas mixed with oxygen, which is inhaled beginning 30 seconds before the onset of a contraction to reduce but not eliminate pain during the first and second stages of labor. TERM 7
Intrathecal Analgesia
DEFINITION 7 injection of an opioid agonist analgesic into the spinal fluid to relieve pain associated with labor and following cesarean birth TERM 8
Phenothiazine
DEFINITION 8 class of drug used to decrease anxiety , increase sedation, and reduce nausea and vomiting but which may impair the analgesic efficacy of opioids TERM 9
Opioid antagonist
DEFINITION 9 drug that promptly reverses the effects of opioids, including maternal and neonatal CNS depression especially respiratory depression TERM 10
Opioid agonist analgesic
DEFINITION 10 systemic analgesic such as meperidine or fentanyl that relieves pain and creates a feeling of well bring, but can result in respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting
referred
type of pain felt in areas of the body other than area of pain origin. During labor and birth, pain originating in the uterus radiates to the abdominal wall, lumbosacral area of the back, iliac crests, gluteal area, and down the thighs. TERM 17
gate control
DEFINITION 17 theory of pain based on the principle that certain nerve cell groupings withing the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebral cortex have the ability to modulate the pain impulse through a blocking mechanism. According to this theory, pain sensations travel along sensory nerve pathways to the brain, but only a limited number of sensations or messages can travel through these nerve pathways at once. TERM 18
endorphins
DEFINITION 18 endogenous opioids secreted by the pituitary gland that act on the central and peripheral nervous systems to reduce pain TERM 19
slow-paced
DEFINITION 19 paced breathingtechniqueduring which the woman breathes at approximately half her normal rate. it is usually the first technique used in early labor when the woman can no longer talk to walk her way through a contraction TERM 20
modified-paced
DEFINITION 20 paced breathing technique during which the woman breathes at an accelerated rate which should not exceed twice her resting respiratory rate.
deep cleansing
full breath taken at the beginning of a contraction to greet it and end of each contraction to blow it away TERM 22
pattern-paced
DEFINITION 22 paced breathing technique that combines breaths and puffs in a ratio as a means to enhance concentration during the transition phase of the first stage of labor TERM 23
hyperventilation
DEFINITION 23 rapid, deep breathing that can be undesired outcome of the more rapid and more shallow types of paced breathing techniquesit can result in respiratory alkalosis TERM 24
effluerage
DEFINITION 24 light stroking of the abdomen or other body part inrhythmwith breathing during contractions TERM 25
counterpressure
DEFINITION 25 steady pressure applied against the labroing woman's sacrum by the nurse or coach using the fist or feel of the hand or a firm objectit is especially helpful during back labor
hypnosis
form of deep relaxation, similar to day dreaming or meditation; the person enters a state of focused concentration and the subconscious mind can be more easily accessed. TERM 32
biofeedback
DEFINITION 32 nonpharmacologic pain control technique based on the premise that a person can recognize his or her body's physical signals and use mental processes to change or control certain internal physiologic events TERM 33
aromatherapy
DEFINITION 33 use of essential oils from plants, flowers, herbs, and trees, to promote health and well-being, enhance relaxation, and treat illness TERM 34
intradermal water
DEFINITION 34 injection of small amounts of sterile water using a fine needle into four locations on the lower back to relieve low back pain TERM 35
neonatal narcosis
DEFINITION 35 state of CNS depression in the newborn produced by an opioid
