Occupational Therapy Assistants (OTA) and the OT/OTA Supervisory Relationship, Exams of Occupational therapy

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NBCOT National Board for Certification of

Occupational Therapy Fundamentals of OT

Exam 2 Quiz Study Guide with Correct

Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+

David Mungai [Date] [Course title]

NBCOT National Board for Certification

of Occupational Therapy Fundamentals

of OT Exam 2 Quiz Study Guide with

Correct Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+

Infancy - Answer>> Were you a "good" baby? Range of "typical" development -everyone develops at different times Developmental Tasks of Infancy - Answer>> Growth and development Gross and fine motor Sleep/wake Sensory regulation Social Cognitive Settings during Infancy - Answer>> NICU Hospitals Early Intervention centers Home Diagnoses during Infancy - Answer>> Cerebral palsy Down syndrome Genetic disorders Failure to thrive-not gaining weight, not eating or finishing feeds Developmental delay Congenital anomalies Intervention during Infancy - Answer>> Close the gap developmental Family-centered Childhood - Answer>> Refining skills

Sexual identity Independence form parents Developmental tasks of Adolescence - Answer>> Puberty Social Participation Career paths Identity Diagnoses and Settings duing Adolescence - Answer>> Psychological disorders Physical disabilities -Sexuality -Body image -Future goals and aspirations Intervention during Adolescence - Answer>> Firm limits Expression Follow through Trust issues Peer groups Work-related activities Healthy leisure Adulthood - Answer>> Assume responsibility for own development Time of achievement Family, social, interest, civic opportunities Developmental Tasks of Adulthood - Answer>> Finding significant relationship Securing employment Determining career path Establishing a home Raising family

Diagnoses during Adullthood - Answer>> Physical illnesses Psychological challenges Unhealthy habits Traumatic brain injury Intervention during Adulthood - Answer>> Re-engage in occupations Later Adulthood - Answer>> Reflection and evaluation of life Developmental Tasks of Later Adulthood - Answer>> Retirement Decrease in workload Physical abilities declines Loss Cognitive changes Family and commnunity involvemnt Diagnoses during Later Adulthood - Answer>> Alzheimer's Parkinson's Strokes Cardiac Rheumatoid arthritis Intervention during Later Adulthood - Answer>> Fall prevention Safety Driving Aging in place Sensory changes Staying engaged Conclusion - Answer>> Developmental tasks change over time and influence the occupations in which a person engages.

-Effective feedback is the supervisor's primary tool in influencing the employee's job performance -Effective feedback needs to be: -Descriptive rather than evaluative; and -Specific rather than general Guidelines for Giving Feedback - Answer>> -Provide timely feedback--give feedback as close to when the behavior was observed as is possible. -Provide balanced feedback--point out what is working as well as what needs ot be changed. -Provide feedback on behaviors that can be changed. -Use "I" statements. -Avoid the use of generalizations such as "always," "never," and "all." -Ask the supervisee if he or she understood what you said; ask the supervisee to restate it in his or her own words. -Ask for feedback about your feedback--how did you do? Occupational Therapy Assistants (OTA) - Answer>> OTAs who deliver occupational therapy services must be supervised by an OT -They are trained and educated in basic occupational therapy approaches and techniques -Their role is one of assisting the OT with the delivery of services The OT/OTA supervisory Relationship - Answer>> -The supervisory relationship between the OT and OTA is viewed as a partnership -The OT is educated as the professional knowledge and skill level and receives an entry-level graduate degree -The OT is responsible for overall service provision and can carry out all facets of service provision -The OTA is educated at the technical level and receives an associate of arts degree

-The OTA's primary role is in the implementation phase of services provision The OT/OTA supervisory Relationship - Answer>> Service Competency -The process in which the OT determines that the OTA performs tasks in the same way that the OT would and achieves the same outcomes Frequency and Type of OTA Supervision -The frequency of supervision for the OTA will vary with practice setting and should be decided on the basis of: -(a) skills of the supervisor, (b) skills of the supervisee, (c) nature of the work, (d) expectations and requirements of the work setting and (e) external regulatory or legislative agencies The OT/OTA supervisory Relationship - Answer>> Effective OTA Supervisory Relationship

1. Orient OTA to worksite
2. Share job and professional expectations
3. Identify OTA's skill level
4. Identify OTA's learning needs and methods of learning
5. Establish service competency
6. Collaborate with OTA to establish ongoing supervisory plan: select methods and frequency
7. Document ongoing supervision ... - Answer>> "We must commit to engaging in team practice patterns that promote excellence in care and ensure viability of this essential partnership." Review...OT Role - Answer>> -Expertise on occupational therapy theory and evaluation -Based on interpretive knowledge -Education requirements: -entry-level Master;s of Clinical Doctorate program

Supervision - Answer>> "supervision, however, is viewed as a collaborative process between the OT and the OTA, which fosters grwoth and development and assures the provision of quality occupational therapy." -AOTACOP Supervision guidelines - Answer>> -Documents available to guide supervision: -AOTA -Guidelines for Roles, and responsibilities During the Delivery of Occupational Therapy Services -Occupational Therapy Roles -Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics -Guidelines to the Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics -Core Values and Attitudes of Occupational Therapy Practice Types of OTA Supervision - Answer>> -Close: Daily, direct contact at site of work -Routine: Direct contact every 2 weeks at site of work -General: Monthly direct contact with supervision as needed -Minimal: Only when needed, may be less than monthly Levels of OTA Role Performance - Answer>> -Level: Entry, Intermediate, Advanced -Purpose: To develop skills, To increase mastery of skill base, Specialized skill base-understands complex issues -Type of Supervision: Close, Routine or general, Minimal OTA Supervision Guidelines - Answer>> OT's responsibilities while supervision n OTA:

1. Evaluate client before OTA provides treatment
2. Develop treatment plan then delegate duties to OTA
3. Monitor client progress
4. Approve any changes in the treatment plan
5. Assign OTA duties they are qualified to complete

6. Review all documentation completed by OTA
7. Interpret test and assessment results completed by OTA
8. Determine when treatment should be terminated On-site supervision of the OTA - Answer>> -OTA has less than one year of satisfactory work experience --> minimum of 8 hours per month on-site supervision by OT -OTA has more than one year of satisfactory work experience --> Minimum of 4 hours per month on-site supervision by OT What makes an effective supervisory Relationship? - Answer>> OT -Has broad knowledge base -Provides constructive feedback -Takes time to explain -Inspires confidence -Generates alternatives and reacts appropriately OTA -Applies knowledge -Integrates input -Takes time to try suggestions -Open to change -Implements new options and acts professionally Common Qualities -Dependable -Sensitive -Attentive -Collaborative -Reflective Who is responsible for supervision? - Answer>> -The OTA seeks supervision -The OT provides supervision

4. Give feedback: Giving constructive feedback in a professional manor can also strengthen the relationship. these are important to provide quality care to the client. Respect - Answer>> 1. Respect beings with being honest and understanding. Be truthful and know your role and your co- workers role to strengthen this relationship.
5. Trust that the professional you are working with is practicing at their highest ability.
6. Know that your co-worker is skilled and able to complete their job with competence.
7. Be clear with expectations, your co-worker cannot read your mind. Professionalism - Answer>> 1. Have patience: Be patient with co-workers and clients, try to put yourself in their shoes.
8. Understand roles: Know what your role and your co-workers role entitle to be sure and complete all your own responsibilities.
9. Act with professionalism: Be polite, considerate, abide to ethical guidelines, and dress the part. If you take pride in your work it will show and strengthen the partnership.
10. Show appreciation: A simple thank-you can say a thousand words. Let your co-worker know you are grateful for the time and energy they give. Establishing boundaries - Answer>> -Make expectations clear -Delineate job tasks -Continue to understand the role of the OT and the OTA -Take practice setting into account -Hold yourself and others accountable Strengthen the Partnership - Answer>> -Collaboration -Ethics Collaboration - Answer>> -Share Ideas

-Plan specific times to meet -Focus on the client Ethics - Answer>> -AOTA's Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics -"Principles that guide ethical action" -AOTA's Core Values and Attitudes of Occupational Therapy Practice -Equality, freedom, justice, dignity, truth and prudence It is important as an OT professional to utilize the documents made available to us through AOTA including the Code of Ethics and the Core values & Attitudes Morals - Answer>> -Related to character and behavior -Right or wrong -Cultural -Values -Religious beliefs Ethics - Answer>> -Study and philosophy of human conduct -Systematic reflection on and analysis or morals -Guide practice Law - Answer>> -Rule of conduct -Formal recognized -Established by federal or state legislature Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics - Answer>> -AOTA, 1977 -Guidelines to practitioners -Seven principles Occupational therapy Code of Ethics - Answer>> -Beneficence -Nonmaleficence

Example: -Tonya is a 15 y/o teen attending an outpatient group for eating disorders -Becomes attached to Mark the OTR -Tonya calls Mark at home to discuss her intervention plan -Mark limits the call and speaks to Tonya the next day at group explaining that it is inappropriate for her to call him and that they must maintain a professional relationship -Mark asks another OTR to work with Tonya but does not completely stop working with her b/c the team does not want her to feel rejected but to reinforce professional boundaries. The team fears that complete rejection may harm Tonya emotionally and result in slower progress or regression -Mark felt the relationship between Tonya and himself may be harmful to her intervention plan, Tonya has become too attached and is unsure of professional boundaries -Mark is truthful with Tonya and brings the situation up with the team so that no emotional harm comes to Tonya Autonomy and Confidentiality - Answer>> -Autonomy--freedom to decide and freedom to act -Confidentiality--expectation that information shared by the client will be kept private and shared only with those directly involved with intervention -Collaborate to determine goals -Inform clients of nature, risks, and outcomes of services -Informed consent -Right to refuse -Maintain confidentiality Example: -Mrs. Jones lives in a nursing home and refuses to leave her room to attend OT

-Andrea, the OTR, learns from Mrs. Jones that she is afraid someone will steal her things -Andrea makes an intervention plan that addresses Mrs. Jones' fears. Mrs. Jones does not want to tell anyone. -Andrea gets a wheelchair carrier with Mrs. Jones' consent and has her use a checklist to pack her carrier with her treasured belongings each day as part of her intervention -The staff is informed of the daily checklist -Mrs. Jones now goes to activities more regularly -Andrea allows Mrs. Jones the freedom to choose to keep her treasures with her - autonomy -Andrea respects her confidence by being careful with only discussing the intervention plan with the staff - confidentiality Social Justice - Answer>> -Provide services in a fir and equitable manner to all -Groups and individuals should receive fair treatment and be afforded the same opportunities -Advocate for clients and provide opportunities for clients to participate equally in occupations Example: -Brie is in private practice -The economy has made it difficult for Brie's clients to continue coming to OT weekly -She is concerned for her clients but also must keep her business afloat -She decides to offer a sliding scale for her rates in hopes that her clients can continue to receive OT -Brie also contacts a local OT school to see if OT students could conduct home visits as a classroom project -Brie is seeking services for her clients in a fair and equitable manner. She makes adjustments to provide fair and equitable services to all clients and provides additional services through the use of students

-Her faculty advisor wants to present the results at a national conference -The faculty advisor asks Lindsey for permission to submit with Lindsey listed as the primary author -If the proposal is accepted Lindsey is encouraged to present with the faculty advisor -Demonstration of fidelity to the student colleague -Accurately reporting by putting both the student's name and the faculty advisor's name on the proposal Solving Ethical Problems - Answer>> -Ethical distress -Situations that challenge how a practitioner maintains his/her integrity or the integrity of the profession -Ethical dilemma -Situation in which two or more ethical principles collide with one another, making it difficult to determine the best action -Locus of authority -Require decisions about who should be the primary decision maker Six Steps to Solve Ethical Problems - Answer>> -Gather facts -Identify type of problem -Clarify duties -Explore alternatives -Complete action -Evaluate outcome Legal - Answer>> -Statutes -Federal -State -Regulations -Certification -Registration -Trademark -Licensure

Disciplinary Processes - Answer>> -Ethics commission -State regulatory boards -NBCOT Conclusion - Answer>> -The Occupational Therapy Code of Ethics provides seven principles to guide practice decisions. Ethical decision-making helps practitioners solve problems. National Board of Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT)

• Answer>> -Not-for-profit credentialing agency that provides certification for the OT profession -Serves the public interest by developing, administering, and continually reviewing a certification process that reflects current standards of competent practice in occupational therapy. -Words with state regulatory authorities, providing information on credentials, professional conduct, and regulatory and certification renewal issues. NBCOT - Answer>> -Certification has become the hallmark credential for professionals in a variety of industries often serving as a benchmark for hiring and promotion -Certification is defined as "formal recognition that an individual has proficiency with, and a comprehension of, a specified body of knowledge" -It can be characterized as the qualification of individuals performing jobs using a predefined set of standards -Certifications have value when certification boards meet periodically to review and update, as required, area-specific bodies of knowledge, examination specifications and questions The primary purpose of awarding the NBCOT credential- OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST REGISTERED (OTR) and CERTIFIED OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST ASSISTANT (COTA)- is to serve the public interest by certifying only those persons who have the necessary know of OT to practice.