Occupational Therapy Interventions and Group Dynamics, Exams of Occupational therapy

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NBCOT Certified Occupational

Therapy Assistant COTA

PASSOT Exam Review

Questions and Answers 100%

Pass | Graded A+

David Mungai [Date] [Course title]

NBCOT Certified Occupational

Therapy Assistant COTA PASSOT

Exam Review Questions and

Answers 100% Pass | Graded A+

In infant development, which comes first: bilaterality or unilaterality? - Answer>> precedes unilaterality in infant development When does hand dominance begin to develop? - Answer>> Hand dominance begins to develop at 3 to 6 years, and is not fully defined until 6 years Can someone with receptive aphasia participate in sensory testing? - Answer>> Individuals with this disorder cannot comprehend spoken or written words or symbols. Individuals cannot understand verbal directions or respond to sensory stimuli. What is agnosia? - Answer>> Agnosia is a category of defecits where the patient lacks recognition of familiar object as perceived by the senses. This could involve all the senses and manifests with problems in body scheme, such as somatognosia and anosognosia. What is somatognosia? - Answer>> Lack of awareness of one's body parts. What is anosognosia? - Answer>> Anosognosia: Transient, severe form of neglect. Patient does not recognize the presence or severity of his paralysis. What is prosopagnosia? - Answer>> Face blindness. Inability to identify an individual by their face.

What is a neuroma? - Answer>> A ______ is an unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from a laceration (either surgical or accidental) or amputation in which the nerve regrows in unorganized bundles. Results in sharp, radiating pain. By what age does an infant sit erect and unsupported for several minutes? - Answer>> By 8 to 9 months, an infant can sit erect and unsupported. What is reflex sympathetic dystrophy? - Answer>> __________ is caused by trauma, post-surgical inflammation, infection, or laceration to an extremity. Characterized by pain, edema, shiny skin, blotchy skin, and excessive sweating or dryness. What is another name for reflex sympathetic dystrophy? - Answer>> Complex regional pain syndrome. What is a symmetric tonic neck reflex? - Answer>> When an infant's neck is extended, the elbows extend and the hips flex. When the head is lowered, the elbows flex and the hips extend. What is a bunny hop pattern? - Answer>> A bunny hop pattern is a result of symmetric tonic neck reflex utilization in order to elicit movement at the hips and elbows for mobility. What is a neuroma? - Answer>> A complication of nerve structure or amputation. A traumatic ______ is an unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from accidental or surgical cutting of the nerve. Results in sharp, radiating pain. What sensory region does the radial nerve innervate on the hand? - Answer>> Radial Nerve

What sensory region does the ulnar nerve innervate in the hand?

• Answer>> Ulnar Nerve What sensory region in the hand is innervated by the median nerve? - Answer>> Median Nerve What stage is initiated by looking at and reaching for food? - Answer>> The oral preparatory phase. What behavior would a child with poor modulation of tactile input display? - Answer>> Children with autism often are unpredictable, both craving and avoiding sensory stimuli at various times. After swallowing a pureed substance, you notice the individual has a wet, gurgling voice. What might this indicate? - Answer>> Possible aspiration. A videoflouroscopy is often times needed to determine is this is the case. In an acute care psychiatric setting, which group treatment is the most appropriate for individuals with disorganized psychosis? - Answer>> Directive group treatment: a highly structured approach used in acute care for minimally functional individuals. What type of group structure would be most appropriate for individuals with substance abuse? - Answer>> A task group is appropriate for substance abuse disorders. What group format is most appropriate for eating and adjustment disorders? - Answer>> Psychoeducation groups What is a Laissez-Faire leadership style? - Answer>> Laissez- Faire is a "hands off" approach. Goals are not stated, the purpose

According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as veracity? - Answer>> Providing accurate information when representing the profession (don't lie) According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as duty? - Answer>> Maintain credentials and continually learn craft According to the OT code of ethics, what is defined as fidelity? - Answer>> Treat colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, and integrity. What are the normal ROM limits of cervical flexion, extension, and lateral flexion? - Answer>> 0-45 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of cervical rotation? - Answer>> 0-60 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of thoracic and lumbar spine flexion? - Answer>> 0-80 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of thoracic and lumbar spine extension? - Answer>> 0-30 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of lateral flexion of the spine? - Answer>> 0-40 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of rotation of the spine? - Answer>> 0-45 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder flexion? - Answer>> 0-170 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder extension? - Answer>> 0-60 degrees

What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder abduction? - Answer>> 0-170 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder adduction? - Answer>> 0 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of horizontal adduction? - Answer>> 0-130 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of horizontal abduction? - Answer>> 0-40 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder internal rotation? - Answer>> 0-70 degrees in shd abduction 0-60 degrees in shd adduction What are the normal ROM limits of shoulder external rotation? - Answer>> 0-90 degrees in shd abduction 0-80 degrees in shd adduction What are the normal ROM limits of elbow flexion? - Answer>> 0-140 degrees What are the normal ROM limits of elbow extension? - Answer>> 0 degrees What are the normal ROM limits for pronation and supination? - Answer>> 0-80/90 degrees What are precautions of neuroleptic medications? - Answer>> Power tools and sharp instruments should be avoided, and sun exposure should be limited.

irregular, jerky movements that may affect the face, arms, legs, or trunk-as well as the gradual loss of thought processing and acquired intellectual abilities (dementia). What is adiadochokinesis? - Answer>> The inability to perform rapid alternating movements such as pronation/supination. What is dysmetria? - Answer>> Dysmetria is the inability to estimate the ROM necessary to meet the target. Evident when the individual tries to touch the nose. What is nystagmus? - Answer>> Involuntary movement of the eyeballs in an up/down, back/forth motion. Interferes with head control. What is dysarthria? - Answer>> Explosive or slurred speech caused by incoordination of muscles involved in speech. Classified as a neuromotor problem. What is ballism? - Answer>> Rare symptom that is produced by continuous, abrupt contractions of the axial and proximal musculature of the extremity. What are intention tremors? - Answer>> Occurs during voluntary movement. Intensified at the termination of the movement and often associated with MS. What are resting tremors? - Answer>> Occurs at rest and subsides when voluntary movement is attempted. Seen in Parkinson's disease. What is the first level of OT intervention? - Answer>> Adjunctive methods. These are preliminary to the use of purposeful activities and may include exercise, facilitation and inhibition techniques,

positioning, sensory stim, PAMs, and splints. -OTs evaluate performance components (innate abilities) What is the second stage of OT intervention? - Answer>> Enabling activities. May not yet be considered purposeful activities, but are steps toward performance of purposeful activities. -Performance components and areas (Dressing using adaptive equipment) What is stage three of OT intervention? - Answer>> Purposeful activities: Evaulate performance areas. Have inherent, autonomous goals and are relevant and meaningful to the patient, such as ADLs, IADLs, etc. Used to evaluate, facilitate, restore or maintain a person's ability to function in life roles. Can the person cook or work in a clinical setting? What is stage four of OT treatment? - Answer>> Occupations. The highest stage of treatment continuum engages the patient in natural occupations in their living environment and the community. Not all patients can achieve this stage. What is the rehabilitation model? - Answer>> The rehabilitation model goal is to help the patient learn to work arond or compensate for physical, cognitive, or perceptual limitations. What is a FIM level of "Total Assistance," or level 1? - Answer>> The person puts forth less than 25% of the effort necessary to do a task. What is a FIM level of "Maximal Assistance," or level 2? - Answer>> The person puts forth less than 50% of the effort necessary to do a task, but at least 25%

What is the standard height of a wheelchair seat? - Answer>> 18". Toilets are typically 15" and should be raised to accommodate transfers. What is the minimum doorway width for a wheelchair? - Answer>> 32" What is the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill? - Answer>> Provides support groups open to clients & families with a focus on education and support for mental illness. Which sensations return FIRST following a nerve injury? - Answer>> Pain and temperature What is occupational performance? - Answer>> Ability to carry out ADLs. Evaluation looks at activity demands, client factors and environment. What food consistency is most difficult to swallow? - Answer>> Foods that have liquid and solid consistencies are hardest to chew and swallow. In mental health, planning for discharge involves evaluating what?

• Answer>> Occupational performance What is AC MRDD? - Answer>> Accredidation Council for Services for Mentally Retarded and Developmentally Disabled What is spinal shock? - Answer>> Transient physiological reaction to depression of the cord below the SCI level. Associated loss of sensorimotor function and flaccid paralysis. Flaccid paralysis symptoms last several days.

What is functional skill training? - Answer>> Focuses on mastery of a specific task. Requires client to repeatedly practice the substeps of a task with the # of cues for each task gradually faded out. What is anterior cord syndrome? - Answer>> Often associated with a lesion causing variable loss of motor and sensation function. Proprioception preserved. When should continuous reinforcement be utilized? - Answer>> When teaching new skills. When should intermittant reinforcement be utilized? - Answer>> When maintaining a behavior. What is central cord syndrome? - Answer>> Central injury to cervical spinal cord resulting in greater weakness in UEs than in LEs. What is conus medullaris syndrome? - Answer>> Assoc. with injury to the sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots. Patients present with areflexic bladder, bowel, and lower limbs. Sacral segments sometimes show preserved reflexes. What is cauda equina syndrome? - Answer>> Due to injury of lumbosacral nerve roots in spinal canal. Leads to areflexic bladder, bowel, and lower limbs. What is Brown-Sequard syndrome? - Answer>> A hemisection lesion of the cord resulting in ipsilateral motor loss and contralateral loss of sensitivity to pain and temp.

Group Development (External Link) - Answer>> http://www.flashcardexchange.com/flashcards/list/ 58 What functionality does a person with C1-C3 SCI have? - Answer>> -Individuals required to use a respirator -Individuals might have limited head and neck movement -Able to use "sip and puff" wheelchair -Completely dependendent in ADLs and transfers What functionality does a person with C4 SCI have? - Answer>> -Person has full mobility of the head and neck -Able to breathe independently with low stamina -Complete body paralysis below neck -Possibility of autonomic dysreflexia -"Sip and puff" wheelchair required -Completely dependent in ADLs and transfers What functionality does a person with C5 SCI have? - Answer>> -Good elbow flexion in order to self feed (with a mobile arm support) -Supination available -No finger or wrist movement -Breathes independently with low stamina -Electric wheelchair may be used with hand control What functionality does a person with C6 SCI have? - Answer>> -Complete paralysis of legs and torso. -Able to extend wrist and flex the elbow. -Independent in transfers from toilet to wheelchair. -Able to reach forward. -Benefits from splint to promote wrist tenodesis. -Able to do some ADLs, such as shaving and dressing upper body. -Assistance may be required to dress lower body. -Needs assistance to transfer from bed to wheelchair.

What functionality does a person with C7 SCI have? - Answer>> -Elbow extension available -Wrist flexion available - Finger extension available -Mod I feeding -Dress Mod I to min assist -Bathing & Grooming Mod I -Toileting Mod I -Transfers Independent What is Guillain-Barre syndrome? - Answer>> An autoimmune disease in which the peripheral nerves become inflammed. Results in numbness and paralysis in the legs, upper body, and face. Level of independence depends on extent of paralysis. What is the best way to obtain detailed information about an individual's job requirements? - Answer>> By examing a job analysis. A job analysis is a detailed description of the physical, sensory, and psych demands of a job. What postural stability must an individual demonstrate before being able to use a mobile arm support? - Answer>> Lateral trunk stability What is rotation? - Answer>> A type of in-hand manipulation that is displayed when an individual turns a nut on a bolt. What functionality does a person with C8-T1 SCI have? - Answer>> -Full UE control, including fine coordination and grasp -ADLs, mobility and communication are Mod I What functionality does a person with T6 SCI have? - Answer>> -Increased endurance -Larger respiratory reserve -Pectoral girdle stabilized for heavy lifting -ADLs Independent (No assistive devices) -Uses braces with great difficulty for ambulation

-Turn heads in the direction of loud voices of noise -Can follow simple commands, such as "Squeeze my hand" What is Ranchos Los Amigos Coma Scale Level IV? - Answer>> CONFUSED AND AGITATED -Patient is confused and agitated about where they are and what is hapening in the surrounding -At the slightest provocation, patient may become restless, agressive, or verbally abusive What is Ranchos Los Amigos Cognitive Scale Level V? - Answer>> CONFUSED AND INAPPROPRIATE -Patient is confused and does not make sense in conversations, but may be able to follow simple directions -May get upset when stressed, but agitation is no longer a major problem -Frustration as elements of memory may return What is Ranchos Los Amigos Cognitive Scale Level VI? - Answer>> CONFUSED BUT APPROPRIATE -Speech makes sense -Able to perform self care -Poor initiation and termination in activities -Learning difficult What is Ranchos Los Amigos Cognitive Scale Level VII? - Answer>> AUTOMATIC APPROPRIATE -Patients are usually coherent -ADLs independent -Difficulty remembering recent events and discussions -Difficulty with calculations, problem solving, judgment -Aware of deficits What is Ranchos Los Amigos Cognitive Scale Level VIII? - Answer>> PURPOSEFUL AND APPROPRIATE -Patients are independent and can process new information

-Able to remember distant and recent events, and can figure out complex and simple problems At what Ranchos Los Amigos level do individuals begin to recognize family and friends? - Answer>> Level III At what Ranchos Los Amigos level do individuals begin to follow simple directions like "Squeeze my hand?" or "Look at me"? - Answer>> Level III At what Ranchos Los Amigos level do individuals begin to engage in simple, routine activities such as self feeding and dressing? - Answer>> Level IV At what Ranchos Los Amigos level do individuals begin to begin to remember events before the accident better than their daily routine? - Answer>> Level V. At this level, patients also confabulate in order to fill in gaps in memory An individual needs step-by-step instruction to perform self care. What Ranchos level are they at? - Answer>> Level V At what Ranchos level can a patient follow a schedule, but get confused by changes in the routine? - Answer>> Level VI You have a patient who is unable to step off of a curb or watch for cars. What Ranchos level are they at? - Answer>> Level VI At what Ranchos level can a patient pay attention for up to 30 minutes? - Answer>> Level VI At what Ranchos level are patients aware of the month and year?

• Answer>> Level VI