OCPP NAO Volume 2 End of Volume Tests 2025, Exams of Ophthalmology

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OCPP NAO Volume 2 End of Volume Tests

The 2 theories of light that we primarily discuss are the & .- ANSWER- Corpuscular & Electromagnetic Wave Which light theory explains shadows? - ANSWER Corpuscular Theory Which theory explains rainbows? - ANSWER-Electromagnetic Wave Theory What is the size of a nanometer? - ANSWER_1 billionth of a meter What is the speed of light in air? - ANSWER-186,000 miles per second A single band of light from a single point on light source is called a __ _.- ANSWER- Ray The visible spectrum is only a small portion of the cleclromagnelic spectrum and consisis of wavelengths from to .- ANSWER-380 nm to 750 nm Which category of invisible light is the major cause of skin and ocular damage? - ANSWERUV- A Which color has the longest wavelength? - ANSWER-Red How is the wavelength of light measured? - ANSWER Crest to crest OR Trough to Trough Who introduced the electro-magnetic wave theory? - ANSWER Maxwell Why do we see a banana as yellow? - ANSWER Because the CONES in our eyes receive the light waves. The eyes see the REFLECTION of color. What does HEV stand for? - ANSWER High Energy Visible Why is the sky blue? - ANSWER Because the blue wavelength scatters the most Absorption - ANSWER-When a ray of light enters a lens, some of the light will not completely travel through the lenses Deviation - ANSWER Angle a ray of light is changed from its original path. Diffuse Reflection - ANSWER-A reflection from a rough surface- the reflection does not produce a clear image. Incidence - ANSWER The angle which a ray of light makes with the surface of a refracting modinum. Reflection- ANSWER-The return of light when going from one medium into another. Refraction - ANSWER--The bending of light when going from one medium into another. D=15-11 Ifa ray of light leaves the water traveling into air with an angle of incidence of 20 degrees and it is deviated by -7 degrees, what was the angle of refraction? - ANSWER-I=r+d 20=r+(-7) 20=r-7 20+7=r Tfaray of light travels from one matcrial to another an angle of incidence of 32 and an angle of refraction of 26, what is the angle of deviation? Is the ray traveling into or exiting the lens? - ANSWERI=r+d 32=26+d 6=d The ray is entering the lens. A ray of light crosses an interface and is deviated from its path by 5 degrees. If the angle of refraction is 20 degrees, what is the angle of incidence? - ANSWER-I=rt+d T=2045 1=25 The ray is again entering (he lens material. The bending or redirection of a light wave when it passes a barrier without changing the medium in which it is traveling is called - ANSWEF-Diffraction When a light ray travels from one transparent medium to another, it changes direction. This bending of light, which results from the differences in density of different transparent materials :- ANSWER-Relraction is calle When a ray of light travels from one material to another, if its direction of travel is perpendicular or normal to the interface or Junction between the materials, it will .- ANSWER- Change speed but not dircetion. When a ray of light travels from a less dense (faster) malorial Lo a donser (slower) material al an angle to the normal, it will .- ANSWER-Bend toward the normal. When a ray of light travels from a denser material to a less dense material at an angle to the normal, it will .- ANSWER-Bend away from the normal. When a ray of light travels from a denser medium to a less dense medium, r is greater than i and d is negative. - ANSWER-False When a ray of light travels fro a less dense medium to a denser medium, r is less than i and d is positive. - ANSWER-Truc A ray of light is doviatcd by -10 degrees from its path when il passes from one material into another material. If it was originally traveling at an angle of 29 degrees to the normal, it is .- ANSWER. Compound lenses (sphero-cylinder lenses) combine a spherical surface lens with a - ANSWER-Topies or cylindrical surface The principles meridians on a compound lens are _.- ANSWER-SO degrees apart Plus cylinder lenses .- ANSWER-have the cylinder generated on the front surface Minus cylinder lenses .- ANSWER Have the cylinder generated on the back surface Where would the full cylinder power be located on -1-1.50x045 - ANSWER-135 degrees Where would the full cylinder power be located on -1 -1.50 X 090 - ANSWER-180 degrees Where would the thickest edge be located on -1 -1.50 X 135 - ANSWER-045 degrees Where would the thickest edge be located on -1.00 -1.40 X 180 - ANSWER-0S0 degrees Where would the thinnest edge be located on -2.00 -2.50 X 180 - ANSWER-180 degrees Where would be the thinnest edge be located on -2.00 -2.50 X 134 - ANSWER-135 degrees The optical center of a lens is that a singular point which light may pass through without being .- ANSWER Devialed The wavelengths from longest to shortest are .- ANSWER-ROY G BIV Of the visible spectrum, the wavelength is the longest wavelength, travels fastest and bends .- ANSWER-Red/less Find the focal length of the given lenses. - ANSWER-D=+2.00D F=.5M D=+10.00D F=100mm D=-0.50D F=200em D=-2.50D F=400mm Find the dioptric powor of lenses having the following focal lengths. - ANSWER-F=+4.0M D=+0.25 F=+20mm D=+30.00 F=-333mm D=3.00 F=-230m D=-4.00 What is the dioptric power of a lens with a focal length of each of the following? - ANSWER 25mm=40.00D 2.5mm=400.00D 25em=4.00D What is the focal length of a +5.00D lens in __. .- ANSWER Meters? .2 Millimeters? 200 What is the focal length ofa +0.50D lens in 2. ANSWER Centimeters? 200 For a thick lens, if the effective, vertex or lensometer power is +6.00D and the true power of the front surface is +12.00 and the true power of the back surface is -6.00 and the thickness is 19mm and the index of refraction of the lens is 1.60, what is the true power of the lens? - ANSWER- De= +12.004+-6.00+(0.10/1.60x12.00sq) De=+6.00(0.00623%144) De=+6.00+0.9 De=+6.9 Properties of Crown Glass - ANSWER Index of refraction 1.523 Density 2.54 Abbe value 59 CR-39 - ANSWER Index of refraction 1.498 Density 1.32 Abbe value 58 Polycarbonatc - ANSWEF-Index of refraction 1.586 Density 1.22 Abbe value 29-32 TRIVEX - ANSWEF-Index of refraction 1.43 Density 1.11 Abbe value 43-46 NXT - ANSWER Index of refraction 1.53 Density 1.11 Abbe value 43-46 Hard resin - ANSWER-Index of refraction 1.67 Density 1.35 Abbe value 32 Which is a better product: lens with a low Abbe value or a high Abbe value - ANSWER-High What is tho name of the instrument used ta check to seo if a glass lens has been heat trealed? - ANSWERColmascope or Polariscope Crown glass lenses have a UV protection inherent in the material and do not need additional UV coatings. - ANSWERFALSE Label the UV protection on each material: - ANSWER-Crown Glass: 4 CR-39 with transitions: 2 Polycarbonate: 1 Clear CR-39: 3 Listing a lens material as part of the eyeglass prescription is Inappropriate. - ANSWER-FALSE What do you look for when you are trying to determine which lens material would be the thinnest? - ANSWEF-highest index of refraction Both scratch resistant and AR coatings are harder than the plastic lens material they are adhered to.- ANSWER-TRUE The harder the material the more resistant it will be. - ANSWER-FALSE Which of the following glass lenses is exempt from the drop ball test? - ANSWER-All of the below: Slab-off lenses Cataract Lenses Custom laminate lenses Tf4 lenses were made with the exact same curves and thickness, which lens would be the heaviest? - ANSWEF-Crown glass A lens for safety glasses must be 3.0mm thick if it is CR-39 or glass, but if it is polycarbonate the thickness must be at cast 2.0mm. - ANSWER-FALSE Which type of temple curves around the car following the crotch of the car where car and head meet, extending to the level of the earlobe? - ANSWER Riding bow Which frame material can be made thin and lightweight, with frame colors that are primarily opaque? Some problems may be encountered with breakage in cold weather. - ANSWEF-Carbon fiber Which of the frame bridge of the nose smoothly, spreading the weight of the frame over the nose and using nose pads attached to the back of the frame bridge? - ANSWER Modified saddle ient’s bridge supports 50% of the weight of the frame. - ANSWER-FALSE What are the parts of the frame that are the outer areas of the front of the front to the right and left where the temples are attached? - ANSWER-End pie GS What is the name of the bridge that was originally made popular in the late 1800s and is being brought back in several new retro styles? - ANSWER-metal saddle bridge What is the “butt end" of a frame? - ANSWER-The end of the temple that touches against (butts into} the frame front. Which type of frame has twa holes on cach side of the cach lens eye wire and a metal rcinforcing arm that follows the upper front surface of the lens? - ANSWER-Semi rimless The name Zyl or Zylonite is a trade name for which plastic material? - ANSWER-cellulose acetate Which material is often used for temples because of its strength and flexibility? - ANSWER- Stainless stocl When were lenses first set in frames? - ANSWEFlate 13th century Who were the first spectacle frame makers? - ANSWER-Goldsmiths Name the three basic parts of spectacle frames: - ANSWER-Fronts, temples, and hinges Which ANSI Standard regulates safety eyewear? - ANSWER-Z87.1-2003 Half eyes are designed for what purpose? - ANSWERNear only Which type of mounting has the top part of the lens fitted into the frame while the lens is grooved around the edge and a cord fitted into this groove to hold the lens in place? - ANSWER- Nylon suspension rimless What is meant by a 2/1 hinge? - ANSWER Has two barrels on front and one barrel on temple A2/1 hinge is called a .- ANSWER-3-barrel hinge The points of attachment of drilled rimless frames are called the areas. - ANSWER-Strap Describe the method by which tension mountings secure the lenses in place. - ANSWER Lenses are held in place with clips attached to a top bar. These bars fit into slots on the nasal and temporal edges of the lenses. What style of frames are nol frames at all bul rather mountings? - ANSWER-zyl rims Ina regular rimless mounting, what is the relationship of the points of atlachment to cach other? - ANSWER-all points of attachment are on the same horizontal plane What is the difference between regular and full use rimless mountings? - ANSWER-Temporal points of attachment are in a higher horizontal plane with fulmar mountings. What is the difference bet rimless lens is grooved all the way around. The frame also has a groove is filled with a Figure 8 -en rimless and nylon rimless frames? - ANSWER-The normal nylon liner to hold the grooved lens. US customs regulations require that opthalmic frames, if gold, be marked with .- ANSWER-The country of origin, ils karal content ils karal content or the method by which the precious metal was applied What style temple would be recommended for a 19 yr old boy? - ANSWER-riding bow What is a good general use style of temple that distributes weight over a large area? - ANSWER Library Whal measurement is designated by datum line?- ANSWER-Length of the lens at the 180 line Name lwo refercnee points from which segment height measured - ANSWER-Datum line or the lowest point in B box Ifa temple was marked 4 3.4-6, what is it's overal length? - ANSWER inches The definition of fine gold is: - ANSWER-100% pure gold What was the earliest form of presbyopic lens correction? - ANSWER-Single vision lens correction Who is attributed with the concept of correcting presbyopia with bifocals? - ANSWER Benjamin Franklin What was the design of the first bifocal lenses? - ANSWER-Two differently powered lens halves secured in the same eye wire Which of the following was NOT a problem associated with August Morck's cemented bifocal len: - ANSWER-The difference indices between the lens and the wafer lens caused color aberration for the wearer Which bifocal lens design was the first to use a fusing process? - ANSWER-The Kryptok Which bifocal lens exhibited color aberration for the wearer through the segment? - ANSWER The Kryplok When was the first trifocals lens developed? - ANSWER-1936 What is the furthest and closest a person will be able to see if he is looking through a Plano . +2.50 and a multi focal has a 4.00D of accommodative amplitude? - ANSWER-40cm to distance 13.4cm For a specified distance RX power, what happens to the ranges of clear vision through a segmented multi focal as add powers get high? - ANSWEF-The zones for a shrink Which of the following is significant indication of the Ranges of Clear Vision Through Multifocals Chart? - ANSWEFR-Fixed power zone segmented lenses may not be the best way to correct presbyapia Why did progressive addition lenses take so long to enter the marketplace from the time they were first theorized? - ANSWER-The technology needed to produce them was not available. The blended region between the distance and near zones of a progressive addition lens is known as the zone. - ANSWER-Intermediate When a lens has its surface astigmatism concentrated into smaller areas of the lens, it is classified as design. - ANSWER-Hard Which progressive lens design classification do most manufacturers use? - ANSWER-A combination of hard and sof. Who designed the first progressive addition lens? - ANSWER-Bernard Maitenaz How did the original Varilux lens use aspheric power? - ANSWER-I. used all its progressive in 12mm How did the Varilux II lens use aspheric power? - ANSWER-The lens was completely progressive from top to bottom Which progressive addition lens was the first to employ true right and left blanks? - ANSWER. Varilux