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OHIO GXMO EXAM FULL STUDY GUIDE | ALL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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What device receives the energy of the x-ray beam and forms the image of the body part? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Image Receptor What type of cassette containing film receives x-ray beam? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Film based What is a latent image? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A hidden image What type of cassette containing a phosphor plate receives the x-ray beam? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Computed Radiography In CR, the phosphor plate will be scanned by a? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Laser What does the collimator do? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Limits the size of the radiation field
What does kVp control? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The penetrating ability of the x-rays What does mAs control? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The quantity of x-rays produced What is attenuation? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Absorption of the x-ray beam within the patients body What material absorbs a high percentage of radiation? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lead What is the anode? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Positive charged, contains the target and is heated to produce thermionic emission of electrons What is the cathode? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Negative charged, contains the small/large filaments within a focusing cup 99% of the energy of the electrons striking the target is converted into? ----- ----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Heat What rotates during exposure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Anode
Technique chart that selects optimum KvP setting for penetrating a particular body part with lowest dose. ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----fixed You increase the probability of static electricity artifacts on image when. ---- -----CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Rough handling or friction Low humidity --> common in cold, dry climates Traveling between the cathode and anode in x-ray you find. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------electron To little mAs will produce noisy (grainy) image ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------mottle Extension cones, , cylinders, aperture diagrams, collimator are used in radiographic imaging to. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------reduce the number of off focus x-rays that interact with the patient and expose the film. Radiation effects that impact patient offspring. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------may increase the risk of cancer in the offspring, especially at radiation doses > 0.1 Gy, which are well above typical doses received in diagnostic radiology Cell most radiosensitive? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Lymphocyte
Cassette based on imaging system utilizing an image plate with photostimulable phosphor? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Computed radiography kVp setting producing the lowest patient dose? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------3.2 mGy (skin) Intensifying screen that has the ability to emit a visible light only while the phosphor is being radiated properly? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----convert the X-ray image into a light image Maximizing the radiation protection of ALARA for patient? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------prevent both unnecessary exposure and overexposure Collimate from a large field to small field on some body part, maintain some exposure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------restricts the x-ray beam to the area of interest using lead shutters within the x-ray tube. Which particle is needed to produce xray? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------electron Rule that governs relative radiosensitive of body tissue based on metabolic activity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The law of Bergonie and Tribondeau
What are the 3 Cardinal Principals of radiation protection? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Maximize distance, maximize shielding, minimize time What is Erythema? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Reddening of the skin What is Anemia? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Decrease of oxygen in blood, low blood count What is Leukopenia? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Low WBC count What is epilation? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Loss of hair What is collimation? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Limits the size/area of the x-ray beam What is a proton? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Positively charged, in nucleus of atom What is a neutron? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------No electrical charge, in nucleus of atom
What is a electron? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Negatively charged, in orbital shell around nucleus of an atom What is an ion? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A charged particle What is ionization? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Process of an electron leaving its orbit around a neutral atom What does isotropic mean? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Equal in all directions What happens when x-rays are absorbed by body tissue? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Causes ionization of atoms and molecules What is radioplaque? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------DOES NOT go through What is radiolucent? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Sees through
What is the primary factor to control image contrast? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------kVp Increasing the SID will result in? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- A lower patient dose What is the overall "blackness" of the image? ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------Density What has the greatest radiographic density? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Detail What represents the lowest mAs setting? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------- ----------Density The low mAs setting used with high speed intensifying screens can result in ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------quantum mottle What is the radiosensitive material that receives the remnant beam and forms an image of the body part? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Image Receptor What is the invisible image contained in film prior to processing? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Latent image
Fluroscopy is? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The moving x-ray and pt swallows barium sulfate The purpose of intensifying screens is to reduce or decrease the amount of? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Exposure required to produce an image When using intensifying scrreens, what percent of the image is actually formed by light? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------99%. Higher speed screens are made of? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----Thicker phosphor layer and an increase of crystal size Pairing a green light emitting screen phosphor with a film sensative to green light is? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Spectral Matching What is an artifact? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Unwanted marks or images appearing on an x-ray Using a higher screen speed and decreased mAs will result in --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Increased quantum mottle
What technique chart is used for the standardized image contrast? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Fixed kVp chart What technique chart is used for tissue thickness calipers to measure the part? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Fixed kVp chart, Variable kVp chart What does grid cutoff mean? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- primary radiation removed by a grid if used incorrectly What is the traditional unit of absorbed dose? ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------RAD SI unit of the absorbed dose ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Gray Tradition unit of exposure in air ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Roentgen Traditional unit of radiation equivalent ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------rem SI unit of radiation equivalent ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Seivert
Traditional unit used to denote pts dose ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------RAD Traditional unit used to denote operator dose ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------rem Dose in RAD multiplied by a quality factor gives the dose in.. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------rem Gray equals 100 ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------RAD 1 Seivert equals 100 ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------rem SI unit of exposure in air ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Coulombs/kg Average annual dose from background radiation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------0. Cumulative dose limit for 50 year old radiation worker ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------50 rem Annual dose limit for the general public ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------0.1 rem
Bucky grid ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Moves, you can push out and pull in and has a ratio of 12:1 - 16:1. Stationary Grid ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Permanent, this is inside of the table and has a ratio of 8:1 - 12:1. What needs a bucky? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Trunk and 80 kVp. Lung and 120 kVp. Compton ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Collides with OUTER orbital electron and scatters. 40-125 kVp Coherent ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Below 10 kVp Initial or Primary Radiation ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Bremmstrahlung or Characteristic Interacting aka Secondary Radiation ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----Photoelectric, compton, coherent Below 70 kVp, there are no ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- characterisitcs
What radiation is in the x-ray tube? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --Bremmstrahlung and characteristics Bremmstrahlung ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------has no electrons and hits hard Most harmful ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------photoelectric What is the photoelectric effect? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Incoming energy is an x-ray photon interacting with an atom in the body rather than an electron interacting with the tungsten anode. What is the compton effect? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- occurs at energy levels of 40-125 kVp. The incoming x-ray interacts with an OUTER orbital electron of an atom and removed it from the atom the goes in a different direction. Ion ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------when a neutral atom gains or loses an electron Bremmstrahlung radiation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------One of two types of x-rays. Brems is created when an electron enters the tungsten anode of the x-ray tube and misses the tungsten electrons and gets near the nucleus. The electron suddenly slows down and deviates. The loss of energy creates an x-ray photon.
Detent ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Special mechanism that stops the X-ray tube in a specific location. Grid ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Device that absorbs most of the scatter radiation coming off pt, preventing it from reaching IR. Increases pt exposure. When to use a grid? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 10 - 12 cm or more in thickness or when kVp greater than 60 Control console panel ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Where the limited operator sets exposure factors and Initiates the exposure Transformer cabinet ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Used to produce high voltage required for X-ray production Principle source of scatter? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The patient What should the GXMO do before making an exposure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Perform a safety check. Make sure the X-ray door is closed. No one in X-ray room. Your completely behind Barrier. No other IRs in the exposure area. The source of X-rays? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------In a very small area inside the X-ray tube.
Tube is surrounded by ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Lead lined tube housing Tube housing ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Absorbs some scatter X-rays going in a useful direction exit via the ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Tube port X-Rays from tube port form ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- triangular shaped X-ray beam Radiation that leaves the tube: ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Primary radiation Image receptor in film consists of ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Film and film holder IR in computed radiography CR ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Cassette and phosphor plate IR in digital radiography DR ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Imaging plate or phosphor plates that go directly to computer console
