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Olds Assessment of Newborn final exam questions and answers rated a plus, Exams of Nursing

Olds Assessment of Newborn final exam questions and answers rated a plus

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Olds Assessment of Newborn final exam
questions and answers rated a plus
Qs
A nursing instructor is demonstrating an assessment on a newborn using the
Ballard gestational assessment tool. The nurse explains that which of the
following tests should be performed after the first hour of birth, when the
newborn has had time to recover from the stress of birth?
1. Arm recoil
2. Square window sign
3. Scarf sign
4. Popliteal angle ANS: 1
Explanation: 1. Arm recoil is slower in healthy but fatigued newborns after birth;
therefore, arm recoil is best elicited after the first hour of birth, when the baby
has had time to recover from the stress of birth.
Qs
Before the nurse begins to dry off the newborn after birth, which assessment
finding should the nurse document to ensure an accurate gestational rating on
the Ballard gestational assessment tool?
1. Amount and area of vernix coverage
2. Creases on the sole
3. Size of the areola
4. Body surface temperature ANS: 1
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Olds Assessment of Newborn final exam

questions and answers rated a plus

Qs A nursing instructor is demonstrating an assessment on a newborn using the Ballard gestational assessment tool. The nurse explains that which of the following tests should be performed after the first hour of birth, when the newborn has had time to recover from the stress of birth?

  1. Arm recoil
  2. Square window sign
  3. Scarf sign
  4. Popliteal angle ANS✔ : 1 Explanation: 1. Arm recoil is slower in healthy but fatigued newborns after birth; therefore, arm recoil is best elicited after the first hour of birth, when the baby has had time to recover from the stress of birth. Qs Before the nurse begins to dry off the newborn after birth, which assessment finding should the nurse document to ensure an accurate gestational rating on the Ballard gestational assessment tool?
  5. Amount and area of vernix coverage
  6. Creases on the sole
  7. Size of the areola
  8. Body surface temperature ANS✔ : 1

Explanation: 1. Drying the baby after birth will disturb the vernix and potentially alter the gestational age criterion. The nurse should document the amount and areas of vernix coverage before drying the newborn. Qs A new mother is concerned about a mass on the newborn's head. The nurse assesses this to be a cephalohematoma based on which characteristics? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

  1. The mass appeared on the second day after birth.
  2. The mass appears larger when the newborn cries.
  3. The head appears asymmetrical.
  4. The mass appears on only one side of the head.
  5. The mass overrides the suture line. ANS✔ : 1, 4 Explanation: 1. A cephalohematoma is a collection of blood resulting from ruptured blood vessels between the surface of a cranial bone and the periosteal membrane. These areas emerge as defined hematomas between the first and second days.
  6. Cephalohematomas can be unilateral or bilateral, but do not cross the suture lines. Qs The nurse is using the New Ballard Score to assess the gestational age of a newborn delivered 4 hours ago. The infant's gestational age is 33 weeks based on early ultrasound and last menstrual period. The nurse expects the infant to exhibit which of the following?
  1. Chest circumference 30 cm, head circumference 29 cm
  2. Chest circumference 38 cm, head circumference 31.5 cm
  3. Chest circumference 32.5 cm, head circumference 36 cm ANS✔ : 1 Explanation: 1. The average circumference of the head at birth is 32 to 37 cm. Average chest circumference ranges from 30 to 35 cm at birth. The circumference of the head is approximately 2 cm greater than the circumference of the chest at birth. Answer 1 is the only choice in which both the chest and head circumferences fall within the norm in terms of actual size and comparable size. Qs A new parent reports to the nurse that the baby looks cross-eyed several times a day. The nurse teaches the parents that this finding should resolve in how long?
  4. 2 months
  5. 2 weeks
  6. 1 year
  7. 4 months ANS✔ : 4 Explanation: 4. Transient strabismus is caused by poor neuromuscular control of the eye muscles and gradually regresses in 3 to 4 months. Qs The nurse assesses the newborn's ears to be parallel to the outer and inner canthus of the eye. The nurse documents this finding to be which of the following?
  8. A normal position
  9. A possible chromosomal abnormality
  10. Facial paralysis
  11. Prematurity ANS✔ : 1

Explanation: 1. The top of the ear (pinna) is parallel to the outer and inner canthus of the eye in the normal newborn. Qs The nurse assesses four newborns. Which of the following assessment findings would place a newborn at risk for developing physiologic jaundice?

  1. Cephalohematoma
  2. Mongolian spots
  3. Telangiectatic nevi
  4. Molding ANS✔ : 1 Explanation: 1. A cephalohematoma is a collection of blood resulting from ruptured blood vessels between the surface of a cranial bone and the periosteal membrane. They may be associated with physiologic jaundice, because there are extra red blood cells being destroyed within the cephalohematoma. Qs ) The nurse is preparing new parents for discharge with their newborn. The father asks the nurse why the baby's head is so pointed and puffy-looking. What is the best response by the nurse?
  5. "His head is molded from fitting through the birth canal. It will become more round."
  6. "We refer to that as 'cone head,' which is a temporary condition that goes away."
  7. "It might mean that your baby sustained brain damage during birth, and could have delays."
  8. "I think he looks just like you. Your head is much the same shape as your baby's." ANS✔ : 1

The nurse is completing the gestational age assessment on a newborn while in the mother's postpartum room. During the assessment, the mother asks what aspects of the baby are being checked. What is the nurse's best response?

  1. "I'm checking to make sure the baby has all of its parts."
  2. "This assessment looks at both physical aspects and the nervous system."
  3. "This assessment checks the baby's brain and nerve function."
  4. "Don't worry. We perform this check on all the babies." ANS✔ : 2 Explanation: 2. Clinical gestational age assessment tools have two components: external physical characteristics and neurologic or neuromuscular development evaluations. Qs The nurse is making an initial assessment of the newborn. The findings include a chest circumference of 32.5 cm and a head circumference of 33.5 cm. Based on these findings, which action should the nurse take first?
  5. Notify the physician.
  6. Elevate the newborn's head.
  7. Document the findings in the chart.
  8. Assess for hypothermia immediately. ANS✔ : 3 Explanation: 3. Documentation is the appropriate first step. The average circumference of the head at birth is 32 to 37 cm, and average chest circumference ranges from 30 to 35 cm. Qs The nurse is teaching a class on infant care to new parents. Which statement by a parent indicates that additional teaching is needed?
  9. "The white spots on my baby's nose are called milia, and are harmless."
  1. "The whitish cheeselike substance in the creases is vernix, and will be absorbed."
  2. "The red spots with a white center on my baby are abnormal acne."
  3. "Jaundice is a yellowish discoloration of skin that if noticed on the 1st day of life should be reported to the physician." ANS✔ : 3 Explanation: 3. Red spots with white or yellow centers are erythema toxicum. The peak incidence is at 24 to 48 hours of life. The condition rarely presents at birth or after 5 days of life. The cause is unknown, and no treatment is necessary. Qs The nurse is assessing the gestational age of a 1-hour-old newborn. Which physical characteristics does the nurse assess? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.
  4. Sole creases
  5. Amount of breast tissue
  6. Amount of lanugo
  7. Reflexes
  8. Testicular descent ANS✔ : 1, 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Clinical gestational age assessment tools have two components: external physical characteristics and neurologic or neuromuscular development evaluations. Physical characteristics generally include sole creases, amount of breast tissue, amount of lanugo, cartilaginous development of the ear, testicular descent, and scrotal rugae or labial development.
  9. Clinical gestational age assessment tools have two components: external physical characteristics and neurologic or neuromuscular development evaluations. Physical characteristics generally include sole creases, amount of
  1. "It is normal for the posterior fontanelle to close by 8 to 12 weeks after birth."
  2. "Bring your infant to the clinic immediately."
  3. "This is due to overriding of the cranial bones during labor."
  4. "Your baby must be dehydrated." ANS✔ : 1 Explanation: 1. This is a normal finding at 16 weeks. The posterior fontanelle closes within 8 to 12 weeks. Qs Which of the following is a localized, easily identifiable soft area of the infant's scalp, generally resulting from a long and difficult labor or vacuum extraction?
  5. Caput succedaneum
  6. Cephalohematoma
  7. Molding
  8. Depressed fontanelles ANS✔ : 1 Explanation: 1. Caput succedaneum is a localized, easily identifiable soft area of the scalp, generally resulting from a long and difficult labor or vacuum extraction. Qs The nurse suspects clubfoot in the newborn and assesses for the condition by doing which of the following?
  9. Adducting the foot and listening for a click.
  10. Moving the foot to midline and determining resistance.
  11. Extending the foot and observing for pain.
  12. Stimulating the sole of the foot. ANS✔ : 2 Explanation: 2. Clubfoot is suspected when the foot does not turn to a midline position or align readily.

Qs A new mother is concerned because the anterior fontanelle swells when the newborn cries. Explaining normal findings concerning the fontanelles, the nurse states which of the following? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

  1. The fontanelles can swell with crying.
  2. The fontanelles might be depressed.
  3. The fontanelles can pulsate with the heartbeat.
  4. The fontanelles might bulge.
  5. The fontanelles can swell when stool is passed. ANS✔ : 1, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Newborn fontanelles can swell when the newborn cries.
  6. Newborn fontanelles can pulsate with the heartbeat.
  7. Newborn fontanelles can swell when the newborn passes a stool. Qs The nurse is working with a student nurse during assessment of a 2-hour-old newborn. Which action indicates that the student nurse understands neonatal assessment?
  8. The student nurse listens to bowel sounds then assesses the head for skull consistency and size and tension of fontanelles.
  9. The student nurse checks for Ortolani's sign, then palpates the femoral pulse, then assesses respiratory rate.
  10. The student nurse determines skin color, then describes the shape of the chest and looks at structures and flexion of the feet.

Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

  1. Lanugo abundant over shoulders and back
  2. Plantar creases over entire sole
  3. Pinna of ear springs back slowly when folded.
  4. Vernix well distributed over entire body
  5. Testes are pendulous, and the scrotum has deep rugae ANS✔ : 2, 5 Explanation: 2. Sole (plantar) creases are reliable indicators of gestational age in the first 12 hours of life.
  6. By term, the testes are generally in the lower scrotum, which is pendulous and covered with rugae. Qs A breastfeeding mother calls the pediatric clinic concerned about her 4-day-old baby's failure to gain weight. She states that the infant has lost several ounces since birth. The most appropriate response by the nurse would be which of the following? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.
  7. "Newborns tend to lose about 5% to 10% of their birth weight because of failure to give adequate supplements when breastfeeding."
  8. "Newborns grow approximately 1 inch a month in the first 6 months. You will need to increase feedings to compensate for the growth spurt."
  9. "Newborns have an initial weight loss in the first 3 to 4 days. Your baby's weight loss is normal."
  1. "Newborns lose a lot of heat, so make sure you keep the baby's formula warm when you supplement the breast milk."
  2. "Keep the baby from getting chilled or too warm because that can ANS✔ : 3, 5 Explanation: 3. Newborns have a physiological weight loss of 5% to 10% in the first 3 or 4 days.
  3. Weight loss in the newborn can be caused by temperature elevation or consistent chilling. Qs The nurse attempts to elicit the Moro reflex on a newborn, and assesses movement of the right arm only. Based on this finding, the nurse immediately assesses for which of the following?
  4. Ortolani maneuver
  5. Palmar grasping reflex
  6. Clavicle
  7. Tonic neck reflex ANS✔ : 3 Explanation: 3. When the Moro reflex is elicited, the newborn straightens arms and hands outward while the knees flex. Slowly the arms return to the chest, as in an embrace. If this response is not elicited, the nurse assesses the clavicle for a possible fracture. Qs The nurse is preparing to assess a newborn's neurological status. Which finding would require an immediate intervention?
  8. At rest, the infant has partially flexed arms and the legs drawn up to the abdomen.
  9. When the corner of the mouth is touched, the infant turns the head that direction.

Qs When doing a neurologic assessment of a newborn, what would the nurse recognize? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.

  1. Muscle tone is assessed by moving various parts of the newborn's body while the newborn's head remains in a neutral position.
  2. The newborn is somewhat hypertonic.
  3. Muscle tone should be symmetrical.
  4. Shortly after birth, the infant is flaccid at rest.
  5. Diminished muscle tone requires further evaluation. ANS✔ : 1, 2, 3, 5 Explanation: 1. Moving various parts of the newborn's body while the newborn's head remains in a neutral position is the correct way to assess muscle tone.
  6. The newborn will resist the examiner's attempts to extend the elbow and knee joints.
  7. Muscle tone should be symmetrical.
  8. If decreased muscle tone is noted, further evaluation is necessary. Qs The nurse is completing a newborn care class. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective if a new parent states which of the following?
  9. "My baby might open her arms wide and pull her legs up to her tummy if she is passing gas."
  10. "When I hold my baby upright with one of his feet on the floor, his feet will automatically remain still.
  1. "When I put my finger in the palm of my daughter's hand, she will curl her fingers and hold on."
  2. "I can get my baby to turn his head toward the right if I lift his right arm over his head." ANS✔ : 3 Explanation: 3. This is the Palmar grasp reflex and is elicited by stimulating the newborn's palm with a finger or object. Qs The nurse is working with a mother who has just delivered her third child at 33 weeks' gestation. The mother says to the nurse, "This baby doesn't turn his head and suck like the older two children did. Why?" What is the best response by the nurse?
  3. "Every baby is different. This is just one variation of normal that we see on a regular basis."
  4. "This baby might not have a rooting or sucking reflex because she is premature."
  5. "When she is wide awake and alert, she will probably root and suck even if she is early."
  6. "She might be too tired from the birthing process and need a couple of days to recover." ANS✔ : 2 Explanation: 2. Preterm babies may have suppressed or absent root and suck reflexes. Qs A new parent reports to the nurse that the baby looks cross-eyed several times a day. The nurse teaches the parents that this finding should resolve in how long?
  7. 2 months
  8. 2 weeks

Select all that apply.

  1. Hyperglycemia
  2. Hypoglycemia
  3. Hypocalcemia
  4. Substance withdrawal
  5. Neurologic damage ANS✔ : 2, 3, 4, 5 Explanation: 2. Tremors or jitteriness (tremorlike movements) in the full-term newborn must be evaluated to differentiate the tremors from convulsions. Tremors may be related to hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, or substance withdrawal.
  6. Tremors or jitteriness (tremorlike movements) in the full-term newborn must be evaluated to differentiate the tremors from convulsions. Tremors may be related to hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, or substance withdrawal.
  7. Tremors or jitteriness (tremorlike movements) in the full-term newborn must be evaluated to differentiate the tremors from convulsions. Tremors may be related to hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, or substance withdrawal.
  8. Neurologic damage should be considered if the newborn is experiencing tremors. Qs The nurse is cross-training maternal-child health unit nurses to provide home- based care for parents after discharge. Which statements indicate that additional teaching is required? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.
  9. "The behavioral assessment should be done as soon after birth as possible."
  10. "The behavioral assessment can be performed without input from parents."
  1. "The behavioral assessment might be incomplete in a 1-hour home visit."
  2. "The behavioral assessment includes orientation and motor activity."
  3. "The behavioral assessment can detect neurological impairments." ANS✔ : 1, 2 Explanation: 1. Because the first few days after birth are a period of behavioral disorganization, the complete assessment should be done on the third day after birth.
  4. Parental input is required. It provides a way for the healthcare provider, in conjunction with the parents (primary caregivers), to identify and understand the individual newborn's states, temperament, capabilities, and individual behavior patterns. Qs The parents of a newborn comment to the nurse that their infant seems to enjoy being held, and that holding the baby helps him calm down after crying. They ask the nurse why this happens. After explaining newborn behavior, the nurse assesses the parents' learning. Which statement indicates that teaching was effective?
  5. "Some babies are easier to deal with than others."
  6. "We are lucky to have a baby with a calm disposition."
  7. "Our baby spends more time in the active alert phase."
  8. "Cuddliness is a social behavior that some babies have." ANS✔ : 4 Explanation: 4. According to Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, cuddliness can be an indicator of personality. Qs The parents are asking the nurse about their newborn's behavior. The nurse begins to teach the parents about their newborn and involve them in their baby's care. What are these interventions directed at promoting to the parents?