Heart Valve Anatomy and Function Q&A: Medical Exam Prep, Exams of Medicine

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OMSA School of Medicine Practice Exams 2025-2026 Guide

aS | r---" Name the 4 valves in the heart - ANS: (Tricuspid valve Where is the Tricuspid valve located? - 5) -Between the right atrium and right ventricle Where is the Mitral valve located? - ANSWERS RMGemEne lef iete lin ane Ene nero Neneiele Where is the Aortic valve located? - ANS / Between the aorta and the heart’s left ventricle Where is the pulmonic valve localed? - ANS / | Between tho" right ventricle and the What is the function of valves in the heart?- ANS To prevent the backflow of blood When you listen to a normal heart beat through a stethoscope what sound does it make, and what causes this sound? (7 SE What is angina pocloris?- ANS WER-AMOIGHEEnO One Hesl Delon Garaeelonent Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | What is angina pectoris caused by? - 0) Ischemia or lack of oxygen to the heart muscle How does nitroglycerin affect the body? - ANS "It dilates the coronary arteries and When does angina pectoris tum into a myocardial infarction? - ANS )/ When the heart is Death of the heart muscle - necrosis Risk factors of cardiovascular disease (12) - )0 Family history of heart disease Signs and symptoms of Myocardial infarction MD Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | What are the symptoms of left sided CHF? - ANS "Shortness of breath and wakes up in the What is the normal treatment for CHF?- ANS "Diuretics; so the patient pees out the excess How is the cardiovascular system monitored? - 0) -By using tone pulse, blood pressure What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for? - ANS /--for controlling the bodily Causing increased heart rate and blood pressure and bronchodilates the airways; “Fight or flight” - ANSWER: SSSI ORE E Ona Iea Rosults in simulation of salivary glands, and slows thc heart rate; “couch polatocs statc" - (00 -Parasympathetic nervous system Another name for stroke - ANS "Cerebral vascular accident A type of Cerebral vascular accident where a blood clot occurs in the brain causing the blood vessel to become occluded depriving the brain tissue of oxygen - ANSWER QBOIe SHOR A type Cerebral vascular accident where a bold vessel ruptures and bleeds depriving the brain tissue of oxygen - [IEASSUSES Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | Symptoms of a cerebral vascular accident include: - ANS "Weakness of extremities usually How is the cardiovascular system monitored? - 5 -By the patients pulse rate, the What 3 areas are the most common to take a pulse? - ANS "Radial, Branchial and carotid What is the ideal size for a blood pressure cuff to ensure an accurate BP reading? - ANSWER. What does systolic pressure represent? - ANS "The force of the ventricular contraction The sound of the blood rushing through the veins after the BP cuff releases? - ANSWER. What is tho autonomic nervous system? - ANS "Responsible for control of the bodily What are the components of the autonomic nervous system?- ANS Sympathetic and stom induce? - ANS WEN Right 6 Might" What reaction docs lhe sympathetic nervous s Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | Q QO | : What is diabetes” - ANSWER iSQ080 Of iSite leo iinSUlaSecrenOn What is tho unclion of insulin? - ANSWER-(XQBRARO Wane SUeenenenDULaInn OO loreeelonn The hormone that brings insulin out of storage - Glucagon How are pauents cffoctod by GA procedures? - pts cannot cat or drink for several How will you treat a patient that is diabetic for a GA case?- ANSWER SES Ose ones What symptoms present with hypoglycemia? - ANS WER--Sene What is a normal blood sugar level? - ANS WER B@ieennonl00 Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | What are the symptoms of insulin shock? - ANS WES What is ireatment for insulin shock? - ANS \ Administration of intravenous ghicose solution What are corlicostcroids used for? - ANS /--Suppressing inflammation Give an example of anabolic steroids - Testosterone Steroids naturally produced by the body - Cortisol Where is cortisol produced? - ANS Adrenal gland Describe the adrenal gland and location in the body - ANS " -Fasciotomy; incision through the fascia to The notation 5% means: - ANS / 3 grams of solution in 100 ce 1:100,000 moans: - ANSWE-OOOUIee SO Leolnnion Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | "CC" stands for - ANS WEAQMBIOCenEMeLenS Me/cc - ANSWER (iiiMEaIne DenenbiG enna ters Unit of dry weight - Grams What docs cach modication labcled with - ANSWER §gMSIOMIDOMIetiee HOnanenne Milliliter - ANS WE GSSEROISSEGH Ope How does a cc compare to a milliliter? - AL ec= 1 ml Weatisa'ce” Liquid dissolved and measured MONA - ANSWER-WIGEBRIB What is MONA used for? - ANS WE SiB@ROOn nS IS DeCU OH evine alny Oealiallinianchion Before and After MONA 1s put into action - ANS wer Dea Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | When initial treatment for laryngospasm is not effective - ANS 1 \-Administer 10-20 mg of Anectine (succinylcholine) classificaton - 5) -Musele relaxant (paralyzingly agent) Signs of hypoglycemia - ANS WER Treatment for hypogylcemia - ANS / Administer glucose either orally or IV Vasovagal syncope - 0 -Bainting Symptoms of vasovagal synscape - ANS WER--RRRRSSesS Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | Treatment for vasovagal synscope - ANS /-\.-trendelenberg position (head lower hats heart, ASA class I- ANSWER- BRS nee En ASA class II- ANSWER MiISSSHI0 Mibeese HOmeeoIMiEaEg ASA class II ANS W/E MIGHESERSSEemIG disease lillis soli oUnnOnINCSpaCinnananH ASA class IV - ANSWER [ERSBS0IEA ENS SS siailO iseas Coss Ent neeb Tey Mallampati class I- NSW} (QRS¢PS9#stel2eOa OREN ROH Belay Mallampati class Il- ANS WER-QQRBIEEe Mis elias OORT DENIS Mallampati class II - ANSWER (ISIS ORO RETNEE DeselOn nen is Mallampati class IV - ANSWER- SQ peIaReMOEREOIBLe Narcotics are derived from - ANS WER BOBS Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | Causes of ketamine - 5) Inerease cerebral flow and cranial pressure Reaction time for ketmine - ANSWER BAS Gaia andl aeeleeses Ot enilllal mates Ketamine effects on the body - ANS || -Minimal respiratory deprossion Cyanosis - ANSWER-SMGOIOEDLNG How do you monitor ventilation and oxygenation visually? - ANS WER @aeSs What docs the pulse oximetcr measure? - ANS (Level of oxygenated hemoglobin compared Normal 02 saturation - ANS WERSSES 02- ANSWERS Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel aS | What does the capnograph measure? - ANS Amount of CO2 in expired air Normal values of COZ - ANS © 5-6% or 33-45 mm he (millimeters of mercury) Millimeter of mercury - 5) -Manometric unit of pressure NPO instructions by ASA - ANSWER §QBORGMGOMenOMeDElons What does "NPQ" mean’ - ANS WE Ni0SSRs lille nena sane What does ASA stand for? - ANS WE GASRIGBBISOGle BuO BneStieSe Why are NPO's put in place? - ANSWER SIGWSHOnBeSEne lepine Anelmcnimizes Ene What are the airway adjuncts? (accessories) - ANS Nasal airway Le ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee ee ee eel