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National Certification Organization
for Opticians
ABO American Board of Opticianry
ABO Master in Ophthalmic Optics
Certification Exam (ABO-M)
Course Title and Number: (ABO-M) Ophthalmic Optics Certification Exam Title: ABO-M Certification Exam Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026 Instructor: ____ [Insert Instructor’s Name] _______ Student Name: ___ [Insert Student’s Name] _____ Student ID: ____ [Insert Student ID] _____________
Examination
Time: - ____ Hours: ___ Minutes
Instructions:
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- Please answer each question below and click Submit when you have completed the Exam.
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Ophthalmology Certification Exam Review Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ | 2025- ABO-M Master in Ophthalmic Optics Certification Exam ABO American Board of Opticianry Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the Questions Correctly Good Luck: -
1.A 35-year-old man presents with visual problems. He
has had very poor vision in the dark for a long time but is now worried as he is developing 'tunnel vision'. He states his grandfather had a similar problem and was registered blind in his 50's. What is the most likely diagnosis? Leber's congenital amaurosis Vitelliform macular dystrophy Central serous retinopathy Primary open angle glaucoma Retinitis pigmentosa: Retinitis pigmentosa (Retinitis pigmentosa = night blindness + tunnel vision)
2.A 23-year-old gentleman presents to the surgery with
a two-days history of redness and pain in his left eye. He also complains of blurred vision and mild photophobia. He is otherwise fit and well. He wears contact lenses on a daily basis. Examination shows a red left eye with lid oedema, conjunctival injection and epiphora. Ocular movement is normal. Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔 Ctrl + Click Here To 📑ORDER NOW 📑 Follow Link 🤔 ORDER NOW 🤔 🎓 TO GET INSTANT EXPERT HELP 🎓 🤔 ORDER NOW 🤔
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A. Cornea
B. Sclera
C. Uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
D. Retina: C) Uvea (iris, ciliary body, and choroid)
6.All of the following are true regarding the iris except:
A. Located posterior to the lens
B. Separates the anterior chamber from posterior
chamber
C. The central opening of the iris - the pupil - regulates
the amount of light entering the eye
D. Functions as the "diaphragm" of the eye: A) Located
posterior to the lens
7.True or False: The ciliary body secretes aqueous
humor into the anterior chamber: True. The ciliary body secretes aqueous humor into the posterior cham- ber.
8.All of the following are true regarding the ciliary
muscle except:
A. Housed within the ciliary body
B. Divided into longitudinal and circular muscle fibers
C. Has well defined radial fibers
D. The zonular fibers connect ciliary muscle to lens to
allow for accommoda- tion: C) Has well defined radial fibers
9.True or False: Blood supply to the retina is from the
central retinal artery: - True
10. All of the following are true in regard to the macula
except:
A. Located directly anterior to the visual axis
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B. Central area is approximately 5.5 mm total in
diameter
C. The umbo is the absolute center
D. The fovea is approximately 1.5 mm in diameter
surrounding the umbo: A) Located directly anterior to the visual axis
11. True or False: The choroid is a common area of
tumor metastases: True
12. True or False: The ora serrata is the access point
for injections into the eye: True
13. All of the following are true regarding the lens of
the eye except:
A. The main refracting element of the eye
B. Transparent
C. Avascular
D. Held in place by lens zonules: A) The main refracting
element of the eye
14. True or False: The junction of the cornea and the
sclera is known as the limbus: True
15. Which of the following statements reflects bulbar
conjunctiva:
A. Thin translucent mucous membrane lining the
posterior surface of the eyelids
B. The superior and inferior fornices as well as sclera:
B) The superior and inferior fornices as well as sclera
16. All of the following are true regarding the eyelids
except:
A. Thinnest skin on the body
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C. Chloroquine
D. Digitalis: B) Corticosteroids
22. If a patient had 20/20 vision bilaterally, you would
document it as:
A. 20/20 OS
B. 20/20 OD
C. 20/20 OU
D. 20/20 VA: C) 20/20 OU
23. True or False: A patient with emmetropia has no
refractive error: True
24. Which of the following terms is associated with
nearsightedness?:
A. Myopia
B. Hyperopia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia: A) Myopia
26. Which one of the following best describes the
action of latanoprost in the management of primary open-angle glaucoma? Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Reduces aqueous production + increases outflow Opens up drainage pores Increases uveoscleral outflow Reduces aqueous production: Increases uveoscleral outflow (Latanoprost is a prostaglandin analog used in glaucoma)
27. A 42-year-old man is diagnosed with syphilis
following months of ill health. On examination he is Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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noted to have bilateral small pupils which accommodate but do not respond to light. What is the most likely diagnosis? Internuclear ophthalmoplegia Bilateral third nerve palsy Horner's syndrome Holmes- Adie syndrome Argyll-Robertson pupil: Argyll-Robertson pupil
28. A 78-year-old male patient comes to see you as he
has developed an increasingly painful and red right eye with decreased visual acuity over the past 2- days. The left eye is unaffected. Past medical history includes cataract surgery 5 days ago, controlled hypertension, controlled hypercholes- terolaemia, two transient ischaemic attacks over 10 years ago, and a cholecys- tectomy 5 years ago. What is the most appropriate management? Chloramphenicol eye drops Refer to local optician Urgent same-day referral to an ophthalmologist Routine referral to an ophthalmologist Prescribe analgesia and review in one week: Urgent same-day referral to an ophthalmologist
29. A 65-year-old man presents with an acute, painful
red eye. Which one of the following features would not support a diagnosis of acute angle closure glaucoma? Vomiting Patient sees haloes around lights Dull cornea Small pupil Decreased visual acuity: Small pupil Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Vitamin D toxicity Hypercapnia Hyperkalaemia Hypercalcaemia Hypoglycaemia: Hypercapnia
33. You see a 17-year-old girl with a painful, red right
eye. It has been painful for 2 days and it feels like she has something in there. She can't remember anything going into her eye specifically. She thinks her vision is affected. She can't remember ever having facial herpes and is otherwise fit and well. Her visual acuity is reduced in the affected eye but she doesn't have her contact lenses in as she took them out this morning. The eye is red and watering but the pupil reaction is normal. The anterior chamber looks normal but you can see a very small superficial corneal injury when you stain the eye. Considering the most likely diagnosis, what is the most appropriate treatment plan? Reassurance +/- artificial tears Oral aciclovir + ganciclovir eye ointment Chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops Chloramphenicol 0.5% eye drops plus urgent appointment in eye casualty (within 2 weeks) Refer for same day ophthalmology assessment: Refer for same day ophthalmol- ogy assessment
34. You see a 25-year-old lady with a very painful red
eye, with reduced visual acuity. She has rheumatoid arthritis which is well controlled. The pain came on slowly over 7 days but she is no longer able to control it with ibuprofen and paracetamol, she would like something stronger. On examination, she has a diffusely red right eye, decreased acuity and no abnormality on staining. Her pupil reacts normally and the anterior chamber looks normal. Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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You diagnose possible scleritis and advise her to go the eye casualty today, but she is reluctant. What complication is she at risk of? Phthisis (shrinkage of the globe) Perforation of the globe Hypotony (low intraocular pressure) Aseptic meningitis Encephalitis: Perforation of the globe
35. A 65-year-old man with a history of primary open-
angle glaucoma presents with sudden painless loss of vision in his right eye. On examination of the right eye the optic disc is swollen with multiple flame-shaped and blot haem- orrhages. What is the most likely diagnosis? Diabetic retinopathy Vitreous haemorrhage Ischaemic optic neuropathy Occlusion of central retinal vein Occlusion of central retinal artery: Occlusion of central retinal vein
36. A 24-year-old patient presents with episodes of
blurred vision. The vision is blurred in both eyes. This has been going on for a few weeks but seems worse over the last couple of days. She has not had any headaches. Her eyes look normal and are not red or injected. Visual acuity using a Snellen chart is 6/4. When a pinhole occluder is used to assess her vision, her vision improves. What would the best management plan be for this patient? Refer for urgent CT head Refer urgently to neurology Start a triptan-based medication Suggest she attends her optician for a vision assessment Suggest she takes vitamin A supplements: Suggest she attends her optician for a vision assessment Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Prescribe oral prednisolone and refer to eye casualty if no improvement in 24 hours Arrange same day assessment in eye casualty: Arrange same day assessment in eye casualty (This patient has symptoms consistent with anterior uveitis)
40. A 35-year-old man presents with right eye pain
which is worse on movement. Examination reveals a relative afferent pupillary defect. Which one of the following is the most likely cause of his problems? Motor neuron disease Myasthenia gravis New variant CJD Multiple sclerosis Guillain-Barre syndrome: Multiple sclerosis
41. You perform a home visit for a 74-year-old female
patient with a chesty cough. While you are there, she mentions she's also started having severe and progressive right sided eye pain since this morning. She has also noticed that her vision has become very blurry in the same eye and she has been feeling very nauseous and has vomited twice. She has blue eyes. You are not concerned by her cough but you do suspect she has acute angle-closure glau- coma. However, there will be a delay admitting the patient as the ambulance is at least 45 minutes away. Of the options below, which is the most appropriate method of managing this patient? Monitor the patient until the ambulance arrives Ask the patient to lie flat, face up with no pillow Ask the patient to lie flat, face up with one pillow Ask the patient to lie face down Give pilocarpine eye drops 20% in both eyes: Ask the patient to lie flat, face up with no pillow
42. You see a 28-year-old male patient with a painful
red right eye. The eye has been watering and he thinks the vision is worse in the right eye. It has been Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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painful for about 4 days now, and he thinks it started with a rash around his eye. He is normally fit and well and takes no regular medication. He wears glasses and doesn't ever wear contact lenses. On examination, the acuity in the right eye is decreased and it is diffusely red. The pupils are equal and reactive. You notice some crusted lesions along the lid margin. You stain the eye and see a dendritic looking lesion which is enhanced by the staining. What is the most likely diagnosis? Episcleritis Herpes simplex ophthalmicus Blepharitis Anterior uveitis Corneal abrasion: Herpes simplex ophthalmicus
43. A 54-year-old woman presents with a persistent
watery left eye for the past 4 days. On examination there is erythema and swelling of the inner canthus of the left eye. What is the most likely diagnosis? Blepharitis Acute angle closure glaucoma Meibomian cyst Dacryocystitis Pinguecula: Dacryocystitis (Dacryocystitis is infection of the lacrimal sac)
44. A 45-year-old man attends your urgent clinic with a
red left eye. He explains that he noticed it this morning when he woke up. The eye looked normal when he went to sleep last night. His eye does not hurt. There is no discharge from his eye. It is not itchy. His visual acuity is 6/6 bilaterally and he does not use Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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lump appears slightly ulcerated. What is the most appropriate next step in her management? Arrange a 2 week referral Advise to apply a warm compress for 5-10 minutes at least twice per day Advise gentle massage of the lump Prescribe a topical antibiotic No treatment necessary: Arrange a 2 week referral (The history suggests a possible meibomian cyst, 1st line management of meibo- mian cysts would include warm compresses and massage unless atypical appear- ance)
47. A 35-year-old male presents to his GP with a 4-day
history of sudden onset dull pain in the orbital region, eye redness, lacrimation and photophobia. On examination, he has an irregular, constricted pupil. What of the following is the most appropriate management options? Aciclovir eye ointment Chloramphenicol eye drops Latanoprost eye drops Saline eye drops Steroid + cycloplegic eye drops: Steroid + cycloplegic eye drops (Anterior uveitis is most likely to be treated with a steroid + cycloplegic (mydriatic) drops)
48. Each one of the following is typical of optic neuritis,
except? Eye pain worse on movement Relative afferent pupillary defect Poor discrimination of colours, 'red desaturation' Sudden onset of visual loss Central scotoma: Sudden onset of visual loss
49. An 80-year-old woman presents with 'funny spots'
affecting her vision. Over the past week she has Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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noticed a number of flashes and floaters in the visual field of the right eye. What is the most likely diagnosis? Retinal detachment Posterior vitreous detachment Optic neuritis Depression Vitreous haemorrhage: Posterior vitreous detachment
50. This diabetic man complained of worsening of his
vision. What is seen on fundoscopy? Normal retina Central retinal vein occlusion Papilloedema Proliferative retinopathy Macular oedema: Proliferative retinopathy
51. A 60-year-old man presents to your clinic with
typical features of seb- orrhoeic dermatitis. He also complains of having itchy eyes. Which of the following is a most likely diagnosis alongside seborrhoeic dermatitis for this man? Herpes zoster ophthalmicus Viral conjunctivitis Anterior uveitis Blepharitis Ectropion: Blepharitis
52. A 71-year-old man presents with a burning
sensation around his right eye. On examination an erythematous blistering rash can be seen in the right trigeminal distribution. What is the most likely diagnosis? Ramsay Hunt syndrome Cluster headache Fungal keratitis Herpes zoster ophthalmicus Trigeminal neuralgia: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
53. Each one of the following predisposes to cataract
formation, except? Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Central retinal artery occlusion Optic neuritis: Central retinal artery occlusion
57. Which one of the following features is not present
in diabetic pre-prolifer- ative retinopathy? Microaneurysms Blot haemorrhages Cotton wool spots Venous beading Neovascularisation: Neovascularisation
58. A 34-year-old man presents with visual problems.
Since yesterday he has developed a 'blind spot' in the visual field of his right eye. This seemed to develop overnight and has got slightly worse since. He has also noticed a slight pain 'behind' his right eye which is worse on moving the eye. Colours, especially red, seem 'washed-out'. When he covers his right eye the vision in the left seems normal. He has feeling generally lethargic for the past few days but is otherwise fit and well. What is the most likely diagnosis? Temporal arteritis Optic neuritis Pituitary tumour Acute angle-closure glaucoma Retinal detachment: Optic neuritis (Visual loss, eye pain and red desaturation are all classical symptoms of optic neuritis, which is often the presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Lethargy is a common non- specific symptom of early MS)
59. A 35-year-old woman presents with headaches
during routine surgery. She reports no visual disturbance, waking at night, or thunderclap symptoms. She has a BMI of 35 kg/m² and a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Her cranial nerves are normal. A fundoscopy is performed. What is the next step? Advise weight loss Blood tests and urinalysis CT brain + venography Lumbar puncture Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Ophthalmology referral: CT brain + venography (The presentation is classical for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). The photograph shows papilloedema)
60. Which one of the following statements regarding
the Holmes-Adie pupil is incorrect? May be associated with absent ankle/knee reflexes Bilateral in 80% of cases It is a benign condition Slowly reactive to accommodation but very poorly (if at all) to light Causes a dilated pupil: Bilateral in 80% of cases
61. A 42-year-old man presents for a check-up. His
friend has recently been diagnosed with type two diabetes mellitus, this has concerned him and led to his decision to have a health check. He has no symptoms, no significant medical history, and does not smoke. His mother has open-angle glaucoma and his father was diagnosed with prostate cancer at age
- On examination, the patient has a BMI of 24 kg/m² and blood pressure of 124/76 mmHg. What is the most appropriate health screening to commence in this patient? Chest X-ray screening for lung cancer Faecal immunochemical screening for bowel cancer Intraocular pressure screening for glaucoma PSA screening for prostate cancer Blood test for HbA1c: Intraocular pressure screening for glaucoma (Those with a positive family history of glaucoma should be screened annually from aged 40 years)
62. This picture shows fundoscopy from a 64-year-old
man. What is the diagnosis? Retinitis pigmentosa Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
