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Mitochondria - ANSWER Site of aerobic respiration (power house) Peroxisome -by self replication ANSWER Break down of fatty acids, and synthesis of cholesterol. Form
Endoplasmic reticulum -apparatus ANSWER Transport of synthesized proteins to the Golgi
Lysosome -Form by breaking off from Golgi apparatus and dispersing throughout cytoplasm ANSWER Contain hydrolytic enzymes involved in intracellular digestion.
Golgi apparatus -repackages them into vesicles, and distributes them vis exocytosis ANSWER Receives vesicles from smooth ER, modifies them,
Centrioles -cell division ANSWER Specialized micro tubule involved in spindle organization during
Ribosomes -molecules in the cell ANSWER Made up of RNA and proteins. Synthesize new protein
Smooth ER - ANSWER Lipid synthesis Cytoskeleton -structure for certain parts of the cell ANSWER Filament and tubular structures to act as a rigid physical
Cell membrane -Chemical and Physical Barrier (impermeable), Allows cell communication, Regulate ANSWER Separates ICF from ECF, Maintain the cell structure,
water and solute exchange (semipermeable) Inclusions -crystals ANSWER Granules of glycogen or pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles,and
Peripheral proteins -or as controllers of transport through membrane pores. ANSWER Attached to integral proteins and function as enzymes
Glycocalyx - ANSWER Loose carbohydrate coat on entire outside surface of the cell Simple diffusion - ANSWER Nonpolar lipid‐soluble (hydrophobic) substances diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer Facilitated diffusion -membranes through protein channels ANSWER Movement of specific molecules across cell
Pores - ANSWER Non gated channels Porins - ANSWER In the outer membrane of mitochondria Perforin -molecules. ANSWER released by lymphocytes, allows passive flow ofions, water, small
Aquaporin - ANSWER single‐file diffusion of water. Channel-mediated - ANSWER Facilitated diffusion Un-gated or leakage channels -distribution of charge, etc ANSWER Always open. Determined by size, shape,
cytoplasm (organelles) Nucleus Membranous Organelles - ANSWER Mitochondria PeroxisomesER Lysosomes Golgi Nonmembranous Organelles - ANSWER Cytoskeleton CentriolesRibosomes
Cellular Membrane -constantly changing fluid mosaic ANSWER asymmetric bimolecular layer of lipids and proteins in a
Phospholipids -Heads- polar & hydrophilic ANSWER 75% lipids; amphipatic Tails - Nonpolar & hydrophobic glycolipids -surface ANSWER 5% of lipids; have polar sugar groups on outer membrane
Cholesterol - ANSWER 20% of lipids; increases membrane stability (non-flexible) Integral Proteins - ANSWER adhesion molecules transport proteins enzymes
receptors intracellular signaling peripheral proteins -glycoproteins on extracellular surface ANSWER supportive filaments on intracellular surface and
Membranes are impermeable to... - ANSWER charged and water-soluble molecules determinants of passive membrane transport -composition of lipid bilayer, membrane thickness, conc. gradient, membrane surface ANSWER lipid solubility, molecular size, area simple diffusion -phospholipid bilayer ANSWER hydrophobic substances diffuse directly through
lonopores -that dissolve in lipid bilayers and increase permeability to specific inorganic ions ANSWER Present in Facilitated Diffusion. They are hydrophobic molecules
porins - ANSWER Simple diffusion: located in outer membranes of mitochondria perforin -water, small molecules ANSWER simple diffusion: released by lymphocytes, allows flow of ions,
aquaporin - ANSWER simple diffusion: single-file diffusion of water channel mediated facilitated diffusion - ANSWER ungated- always open gated - controlled by chemical or electrical signals carrier mediated facilitated diffusion -change in carrier ANSWER substrate binding causes shape
Glycosides - ANSWER inhibit Na/K ATPase increase intracellular Na+increase intracelular Ca2+ can cause heart failure Vesicular Transport - ANSWER transport of LARGE particles, requires ATP Phagocytosis - ANSWER Endocytosis. Psudopods engulf solids. Phagosome is combined w/ Lysosome (phagolysosome) undigested contents remain or are ejected by exocytosis receptor-mediated endocytosis -close ANSWER CLATHRIN COATED PITS - make vesicle uptake of ligands all vesicles used get recycled Pinocytosis -solutes inside ANSWER plasma membrane infolds to bring extracellular fluid and -typical in small intestine
