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National Certification Organization
for Opticians
ABO American Board of Opticianry
ABO Master in Ophthalmic Optics
Certification Exam (ABO-M)
Course Title and Number: (ABO-M) Ophthalmic Optics Certification Exam Title: ABO-M Certification Exam Exam Date: Exam 2025- 2026 Instructor: ____ [Insert Instructor’s Name] _______ Student Name: ___ [Insert Student’s Name] _____ Student ID: ____ [Insert Student ID] _____________
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Optician ABO Master Certification Lesson 1- 12 Review Questions and Answers | 100% Pass Guaranteed | Graded A+ | 2025- ABO-M Master in Ophthalmic Optics Certification Exam ABO American Board of Opticianry Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the Questions Correctly Good Luck: - The amount of induced horizontal prism can't be greater than a total of - =Answer>> +/-.67 prism diopters for the two lenses combined. The total amount of induced vertical prism cannot be greater than - =Answer>> +/-.33 prism diopters for the two lenses combined, or the lenses will be out of tolerance. An optical distortion in which images are displaced from their normal position; can occur if the distance between optical centers (DBC) does not correspond to the interpupillary distance (IPD) - =Answer>> Prismatic effect helps you calculate the power of a prism. You can also use it to determine how far to decenter a lens if you know the strength of the prism you want. Prism diopter (Δ) = Power of the lens (F) x the decentration distance in centimeters (d) between the optical center and the center of the pupil And here's the actual formula: Δ = F x d - =Answer>> Prentice's Rule Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔 Ctrl + Click Here To 📑 ORDER NOW 📑 Follow Link 🤔 ORDER NOW 🤔 🎓 TO GET INSTANT EXPERT HELP 🎓 🤔 ORDER NOW 🤔
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Prism = Power x Decentration (cm) So: Prism = +2.00 x .5 cm Prism = 1 ∆
- What is the prismatic effect of a +6.00 lens decentered 4 mm away from the optical center? (Hint: Remember that you'll use centimeters for your decentration measurement.) - =Answer>> 2.4 ∆ Prism = Power x Decentration (cm) Prism = 6 x .4 = 2.4 ∆
- If Ed's pupillary distance is 68 mm and the distance between his frame's geometric centers is 76 millimeters, what is the required decentration for each eye? - =Answer>> : 4 The difference is 76 - 68 = 8, but the decentration for each eye is half that, or 4. a thin, plastic prismatic lens that can be attached temporarily to the spectacle lens in a patient with diplopia - =Answer>> Fresnel prism instant prisms - =Answer>> Presto Fresnel prism isn't smooth, the amount of light going through it is reduced. In turn, this reduces visual acuity a little. - =Answer>> Fresnel prisms have one big disadvantage a flat lens that uses concentric rings of prisms or grooves to focus light into a narrow, facing the same direction, allow the lens to bend the light like a thicker high-powered prism. - =Answer>> Fresnel Lens Loss of vision in half of the visual field on the same side of both eyes - =Answer>> homonymous hemianopia departure from what is normal - =Answer>> aberrations the colors of the rays passing through the lenses separate, much like a light ray passing through a prism separates into the colors of the rainbow. - =Answer>> dispersion Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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a change in the shape, size, or position of a place when it is shown on a map - =Answer>> distortion A lens defect that causes straight lines to bend inward. When distortion occurs in a plus lens, the magnification increases from the center outward - =Answer>> Pincushion distortion A lens defect that causes straight lines to bow out toward the edges of the image. When distortion occurs in a minus lens, the magnification decreases as you move outward. - =Answer>> Barrel Distortion when parallel light rays moving along the optical axis—that line that passes straight through the lens from front to back—don't converge at the same place. As a result, an image appears blurred and out of focus. - =Answer>> spherical aberration When parallel light rays going through a lens focus in a ring- shaped pattern with a V-shaped or comet-like flare on one end of the image - =Answer>> coma A blurry appearance around the edge of an otherwise in-focus object (or the reverse) when the velocity of light going through the lens is different at the edges than at the center of the surface. Curvature of field is due to the lens design. - =Answer>> curvature of field when rays of light pass through a lens at a slant. This creates two focal lines that are perpendicular to each other. The result, as you can imagine, is blurry vision and an unhappy client. - =Answer>> Oblique (Marginal) astigmatism is the curve that forms the basis for all other curves on a lens. The front spherical curve of the lens. - =Answer>> Base Curves is the spherical equivalent of the lens + 6 diopters. - =Answer>> The base curve of a PLUS lens half the spherical equivalentof the lens + 6 diopters. - =Answer>> The base curve of a MINUS lens is Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Only the center of the lens had the high plus power needed. The outer part of the lens was a flatter carrier lens that had little or no power in it. - =Answer>> lenticular lens High minus lens with a lenticular design - =Answer>> Myodisc The optical lab can cut off, or slab off, the lower part of the most minus-powered lens on the back side. In other words, they'll remove a slab or section of the back side of the lens. - =Answer>> Bicentric Grinding false image lies below true image, vertical double vision. - =Answer>> Vertical diplopia The difference in the prismatic effect between the two eyes when a bifocal wearer drops his or her eyes below the optical centers of the lenses. - =Answer>> Vertical imbalance Prism diopter (Δ) = Power of the lens (F) x the decentration distance in centimeters (d) between the optical center and the center of the pupil - =Answer>> Prentice's Rule means to remove a section of the back side of a lens to prevent bifocals from causing double vision. - =Answer>> Slab off Or blended bifocals don't gradually change power from top to bottom. They're just traditional bifocals with the line buffed out so it doesn't show. - =Answer>> invisible bifocal The standard distance from a person's pupil at a straight-ahead gaze to the bottom of the B measurement of a frame is typically 18 mm - =Answer>> seg height measurement of a progressive lens spherical aberrations if the prescription is very high. - =Answer>> You can order aspheric progressives to help reduce if the vertical depth of the frame is small. - =Answer>> You can order short-corridor progressives Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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get your measurements right! - =Answer>> the biggest key to a happy client is simple is marked by a dot in the center of the lens. - =Answer>> Prism reference point (PRP) is designated by a plus sign just above the dot, near the center of the lens. - =Answer>> Fitting point is marked by a medium-sized circle just above the plus sign - =Answer>> Distance reference point are two tiny circles on both sides of the center dot, along the horizontal axis. They are equally distant from the center dot. A logo goes on one tiny circle, and other information goes on the other tiny circle. - =Answer>> alignment reference markings is marked by a small circle halfway between the center dot and the bottom edge of the lens, slightly off-center. - =Answer>> Near reference point (NRP) you'll simply need to look at the number etched on it. Remember that only the first two numbers of the add are etched on the lens. So a +2.00 add will appear as 20, a +1. add will appear as 17, and so on. - =Answer>> To verify the add power of the progressive lens remember to place the lens against the lensometer correctly so you're reading the powers using the front vertex powers of the lens. - =Answer>> verify your prescription Distance vision is blurry - =Answer>> The fitting cross was measured too high. Your client has to tilt her head back to read. - =Answer>> The seg height was measured too low, or the progressive corridor is too long. Objects in the periphery "swim" when the person moves. - =Answer>> The lenses aren't close enough to the eyes. Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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In lensometer start with the _________ lens first—and if you don't know which one is strongest, start with the _____ lens - =Answer>> strongest, right You'll want to calculate your _______ ______ before you calculate your cylinder power. - =Answer>> sphere power If both the sphere and cylinder lines focus at the same time, the lens has no ________, and you're done! - =Answer>> cylinder The difference between the power you see on the wheel when the sphere lines focus and the power you see when the cylinder lines - =Answer>> Cylinder power When the add power in a pair of glasses is high, you'll get a more accurate reading when you measure it from the _______ _______ of a lens. So you may want to turn the glasses around, placing the _____ ______ on the lensometer lens holder before you begin. If so, be sure to turn the glasses the same way each time. - =Answer>> front vertex The difference between the spherical power of the lens in the distance portion of the lens and the spherical power of the lens in the add portion is the ____ ______. - =Answer>> Add power One of the lines you see through the eyepiece of a lensometer.
- =Answer>> mire line The dial you'll use to read the power of a lens. - =Answer>> Power drum you're checking to make sure the optical lab did just what you told them to—from getting the power right to using the correct material and coatings. - =Answer>> verify a lens The decimal measuring system based on the meter, liter, and gram as units of length, capacity, and weight or mass. - =Answer>> metric system is a little more than three feet long - =Answer>> meter Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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remember that the prefix centi- means one hundredth. - =Answer>> 100 centimeters in a meter each centimeter contains 10 divisions - =Answer>> millimeters 1000 mm= 1 m - =Answer>> millimeters in a meter are about 16 to 20 centimeters long. They fit easily in a pocket, and they're an ideal size because you'll rarely measure anything greater than 10 centimeters. - =Answer>> Most PD rulers Converting from one metric measurement to another is simple. For instance, to convert from meters to centimeters to millimeters - =Answer>> you only need to move the decimal point to the right or left. 1 centimeter = ___ millimeters - =Answer>> 10 mm 1 millimeter = ___ centimeters - =Answer>> .1 cm Each move of the decimal point to the left means that your number is 1/10 as big 1 meter = ___ centimeters - =Answer>> 100 cm each move of the decimal point to the right means that it's ten times as big. 100/ 1 centimeter = ___ meters - =Answer>>. Since there are 100 centimeters in a meter, a centimeter is 1/100 of a meter. 1 m = ____ inches - =Answer>> 39.37 in 1 cm = ___ inches - =Answer>>. 1 inch = ____ cm = ____ mm - =Answer>> 2.54 cm (1/394) 25.4 mm (move right) 5 millimeters = ____ centimeters - =Answer>> 0.5 cm 2 inches = ____ centimeters - =Answer>> 10 cm Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Decentration per lens = - =Answer>> (DBC-PD) ÷ 2 To calculate the centration of a flat-top bifocal, you will need to determine the total seg inset required: - =Answer>> Total inset = ("A" + DBL) - near PD
2 To determine the horizontal decentration of a lens when you're given monocular PDs, you'll use this formula: - =Answer>> (DBC ÷ 2) - monocular PD To calculate the MRP vertical raise or drop, you'll use this formula: - =Answer>> MRP - (B measurement ÷ 2) If the person is wearing a bifocal and has a vertical imbalance, you'll calculate the amount of vertical seg drop or raise needed. Here's the formula for that: - =Answer>> Seg height change = seg height - (B measurement ÷ 2) Your client's PD is 58. The frame eyesize is 50, and the DBL is
When you block this lens, how much will the decentration per lens be? - =Answer>> Solution: (50 + 18) - 58 = 10 10 ÷ 2 = 5 mm Performing the same action on both sides of an equation in order to isolate an unknown variable. - =Answer>> Transformation Use transformation: 25 - x = 11 - =Answer>> Since you're subtracting x from the left side, try adding x to both sides. You get: 25 = 11 + x To get the x by itself, you'll just subtract 11 from each side. Here's the result: Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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25 - 11 = x 14 = x a pair of symbols used to set apart parts of a problem so that those parts are done first. For instance, if you see (3 + 3), add these two numbers together before you do any operations outside the symbol. - =Answer>> parentheses 9 - (3 + 2) = ___ - =Answer>> 9 - (5) = Answer : 4 Keep this rule in mind: Simply move to the right if you're _____, and move to the left if you're ______. - =Answer>> adding subtracting Remember, however, that if you're adding a negative number, it's the same as ______ _______ number. For example, 5 + -3 is the same as ______ - =Answer>> subtracting a positive 5 - 3 Here's a basic rule for calculating a spherical equivalent: For each 0.50 diopter of minus cylinder, add _____ diopter of _____ ______ power. - =Answer>> 0. negative sphere A number is always 1 divided by that number. - =Answer>> Reciprocals Calculate the spherical equivalent for this contact lens prescription: O.S. -1.50 - 0.50 x 180 - =Answer>> -1.75 sph Solve for x in this equation. x + 2.5 = 3.75 - =Answer>> x = 1. Solve for y in this equation. y ÷ (3 - 1) = 1.5 - =Answer>> y = 3 Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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The FDA usually specifies for each contact lens brand based on the results of hundreds of clinical trials. So certain contact lenses are designated as requiring replacement daily, every two weeks, monthly, quarterly, or annually. - =Answer>> Replacement Schedule The simplest contact lens design has a single power. The front and back surfaces of spherical lenses have the same power. - =Answer>> Spherical contact lens has two curvatures. Just as with the astigmatic curvatures of a spectacle lens, the lens is flatter in one direction and steeper in another. - =Answer>> Toric contact lens a thickening of the bottom of the contact to prevent rotation - =Answer>> Prism Ballast meaning that the lens is thinner at opposite edges. The lens stays in place because it's wedged under the upper and lower eyelids. - =Answer>> Double thin zones There are basically 3 methods used to make most soft contact lenses: - =Answer>> spin cast, lathed, cast molded. small amounts of silicons material is being spun in a high speed mold. - =Answer>> Spin cast method are carved from a cylinder-shaped disc by a diamond lathe and polished. - =Answer>> Lathe-cut lenses manufacturers inject the material into molds - =Answer>> cast-molded soft lenses Addresses only spherical refractive errors. - =Answer>> spherical Used as a bandage to help the eye heal after an injury or surgery. - =Answer>> therapeutic Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Contains two curvatures and corrects for astigmatism. - =Answer>> toric Corrects for both presbyopia and astigmatism. - =Answer>> toric multifocal Can be worn without any corrective power for fun or to make a disfigured eye look better. - =Answer>> cosmetic Most contact lens prescriptions list the name brand, power, diameter, and base curve of the lens. If the lens has a tint, the prescription will also indicate the color. Here are examples of contact lens prescriptions: - =Answer>> O.D. Biofinity/ - 2.00 /8.6/14. O.S. Biofinity toric/-1.50-1.25 x 90/8.7/14. Dozens of companies make soft contact lens these days—They include Johnson and Johnson, Cooper Vision, Bausch and Lomb, and Ciba Vision, to name a few. With the advent of sophisticated instruments and technology able to develop new lens designs and materials faster and faster each year. - =Answer>> manufacturer's brand Acuvue, O2 Optix, Pure Vision, and Biofinity. Then, within these lens designs, you'll find lenses that need to be replaced daily, every two weeks, monthly, or annually. - =Answer>> The name brand The lens _______ must be at least 2 mm greater than Soft lenses range from 13.0 mm to 15.0 mm. - =Answer>> The diameter A soft lens describes its base (back side) radius of curvature. Typically range from 8.0 - 9.2 mm. - =Answer>> The base curve We write _______ of soft contact lenses just like we write spectacle lens prescriptions. Here are two examples: -2.00 sph -2.00 -1.25 x 10 Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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greater with soft contact lenses than with RGPs. - =Answer>> Lower risk of fungal infections. which is a technique in which we fit a person with progressively flatter and flatter curved lenses in order to reduce myopia. - =Answer>> Orthokeratology a combination of silicon (allowing for oxygen permeability), methylmetacrylate (which gives the material stability), and some wetting agents. - =Answer>> Silicone/acrylate a combination of fluorine (which improves the wettability of the lens surface) and the silicone/acrylate material. - =Answer>> Fluoro-silicone/acrylate a relatively new material that has high wettability. - =Answer>> Menicon Z spherical, front toric, back toric, bitoric back surface, simultaneous vision progressive, and segmented bifocal. All of these lenses are designed so we can custom-fit them over corneas with varied curvatures, or fit them for presbyopes. - =Answer>> RGPs come in several designs a combination of an RGP in the center of the lens and a soft lens skirt. These offer the clear vision provided by an RGP while reducing the amount of debris that accumulates under the lens.
- =Answer>> Synergeyes designs can be weighted or thicker at one end, like a soft toric prism-ballasted design. This ensures that they'll stay aligned on the eye. - =Answer>> Segmented multifocal works just like a traditional bifocal spectacle lens - =Answer>> translating bifocal design the two segment heights are the same as in a traditional trifocal spectacle lenses. The middle segment is for intermediate viewing or computer use, the top is for distance, and the bottom is for close-up reading. - =Answer>> translating trifocal design Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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lenses have a center area designed for near vision and a peripheral area designed for distance. These lenses aren't weighted, so they don't always stay in place. Wearers may also experience some glare and vision blur issues at night when the pupil becomes larger in dim light. - =Answer>> Progressive aspheric multifocal Disposable lenses. - =Answer>> Soft contact lenses Less expensive per individual lens. - =Answer>> Soft contact lenses Less expensive in the long run. - =Answer>> Rigid gas- permeable contact lenses Easier to adapt to at first. - =Answer>> Soft contact lenses Lower risk of fungal infection. - =Answer>> Rigid gas- permeable contact lenses Provide clearer vision. - =Answer>> Rigid gas-permeable contact lenses To use a polishing unit, you'll simply place the lens on a suction plunger and apply lens polish to a rotating sponge. - =Answer>> spinning sponge Remember that if the lens is a bitoric lens with two curves, you'll need to specify the ______ and the curvature (base curve) for each of the two curves of the lens. - =Answer>> Power RGP is typically about 9 mm. - =Answer>> Diameter You'll measure the _________ to one hundredth of a millimeter. Typical examples are 8.25 mm or 7.70 mm. The curvature will affect how the back of the lens will rest on the cornea. - =Answer>> Base curve The lenses are usually a light shade of blue or green, but they can also come in pink, clear, or brown. - =Answer>> color Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
