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ORAL PATHOLOGY EXAM STUDY GUIDE: CLEFTS AND TUMORS 2025-2026| 72 REAL QS AND AS|100% PASS
Typology: Exams
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Class 1 Cleft of the tip of the uvula Class 2 Cleft of the uvula (bifid uvula) Class 3 Cleft of the soft palate Class 4 Cleft of the soft and hard palates
Class 5 Cleft of the soft and hard palates that continues through the alveolar ridge on one side of the premaxilla; usually associated with cleft lip of the same side Class 6 Cleft of the soft and hard palates that continues through the alveolar ridge on both sides, leaving a free premaxilla; usually associated with bilateral cleft lip Class 7 Submucous cleft in which the muscle union is imperfect across the soft palate. The palate is short, the uvula is often bifid, a groove is situated at the midline of the soft palate, and the closure to the pharynx is incompetent. Orofacial clefts prevalence Highest rates in Asians and Native Americans (1 in 500 births)
Poorly differentiated malignant tumors Do not resemble the tissue from which they were derived at all Pleomorphic The cells of malignant tumors often vary in size and shape Hyperchromatic The nuclei of these cells are darker than those of normal cells and exhibit an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio Tumor naming prefix Determined by the tissue or cell of origin Tumor suffix The suffix -oma is used to indicate a tumor
Lipoma Benign tumor of fat Osteoma Benign tumor of bone Carcinoma Malignant tumor of epithelium Sarcoma Malignant tumor of connective tissue Squamous cell carcinoma Malignant tumor of squamous epithelium Osteosarcoma Malignant tumor of bone
A histologic diagnosis of a premalignant condition indicating disordered growth Carcinoma in situ Severe dysplasia involving the full thickness of epithelium Verrucous Carcinoma A slow-growing exophytic tumor with a pebbly red and white surface Basal Cell Carcinoma A malignant skin tumor associated with excessive exposure to the sun Pleomorphic Adenoma A benign salivary gland tumor, ninety percent of all salivary gland tumors Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
A slow-growing malignant tumor of either major or minor salivary gland tissue Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma A malignant salivary gland tumor with a combination of mucus cells interspersed with squamous-like epithelial cells Ameloblastoma A benign, slow-growing but locally aggressive epithelial odontogenic tumor Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor A benign epithelial odontogenic tumor composed of islands and sheets of polyhedral epithelial cells Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor An encapsulated, benign epithelial odontogenic tumor
Lymphangioma A benign tumor of lymphatic vessels Melanocytic Nevus Nevus may refer to either a developmental tumor of melanocytes or a pigmented congenital lesion Malignant melanoma A malignant tumor of melanocytes, usually a rapidly enlarging blue-to- black mass Leukemia A broad group of disorders characterized by an overproduction of atypical white blood cells Lymphoma (Non-Hodgkin) A malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue, clinical presentation includes gradual enlargement of lymph nodes
Multiple Myeloma A systematic, malignant proliferation of plasma cells causing destructive lesions in bone Metastatic Tumors Rare tumors from primary sites elsewhere in the body, most frequently in the mandible Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Group of rare disorders characterized by presence of histiocyte-like cells and eosinophils Prothrombin time The normal laboratory value for prothrombin time is 11-16 seconds Ketoacidosis vs Insulin Shock
Approximately 50-75% of patients with RA have involvement of the TMJ during the course of the disease. Symptoms of TMD in RA Patients with RA may report pain that is worse in the morning, limited opening, occlusal changes, and preauricular edema and tenderness. Treatment for TMD Pain Intraarticular corticosteroid injections can help pain. Systemic Conditions Affecting TMJ Rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis are the most common systemic conditions that affect the TMJ. Articular Remodeling in RA Dysfunctional articular remodeling, resulting from either decreased adaptive capacity of the articulating structures or excessive or sustained physical stress that exceeds the normal adaptive capacity, leads to degenerative changes.
Rheumatoid Arthritis RA is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the joints. Subluxation Hypermobility where the client is able to relocate the mandible back into the glenoid fossa. Anemia Anemia is a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood that in most cases is related to a decrease in the number of circulating red blood cells. Iron Deficiency Anemia Insufficient amount of iron is supplied to the bone marrow for red blood cell development. Results from not having enough iron intake, can be treated with increasing iron via dietary supplements.
Dramatic decrease in all types of circulating blood cells because of severe depression of bone marrow activity. Primary is fatal. Treatment of secondary involves removing the cause. Treatment for Folic Acid + Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia Recommended treatment is dietary supplements. Characteristics of Folic Acid + Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia Skin/mucosa pallor, angular cheilitis, loss of filiform/fungiform papillae.
