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ORELA English Language Arts Study
Guide
Fable - ✔Primarly used to instruct or guide. Often uses amimals Alliteration - ✔the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. iambic pentameter - ✔a poetic meter that is made up of 5 stressed syllables each followed by an unstressed syllable Hyperbole - ✔exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. epigram - ✔a witty saying expressing a single thought or observation. Satirical. Short/ Witty Exposition Essay - ✔one of the four major forms of discourse, in which something is explained or "set forth" analytical essay - ✔an attempt to identify an author's purpose and to evaluate his or her success in achieving it; often used as another name for a book review Ode - ✔A lyric poem usually marked by serious, respectful, and exalted feelings toward the subject. Paradox - ✔A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
Ballad - ✔A narrative poem written in four-line stanzas, characterized by swift action and narrated in a direct style. Villanelle - ✔A 19 line form using only two rhymes and repeating two of the lines according to a set pattern Quatrain - ✔A four line stanza Assonance - ✔Repetition of vowel sounds verb - ✔An action word Noun - ✔A person, place, thing, or idea verb suffix - ✔denotes to make or to perform the act of ex. en added to soft makes soften- to make soft noun suffix - ✔Argue_ Arguement Makes a noun Epic - ✔A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society Metaphor - ✔a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable. Metonymy - ✔A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it
The front door unexpectedly opens, and Brently comes in. He hadn't been in the train accident or even aware that one had happened. Josephine screams, and Richards tries unsuccessfully to block Louise from seeing him. Doctors arrive and pronounce that Louise died of a heart attack brought on by happiness. Text Coding - ✔Active reading strategy to support student comprehension of informational texts. Make notes in margins or on post-it notes. Check mark means I know this. X = this isn't what I expected. * = this is important.? = I have a question about this. ?? = I am really confused about this.! = I am surprised by this. L = I learned something new. RR = I need to re-read this part. Descriptive Structure - ✔A type of poetic structure in which the main element is description. Analogizing - ✔the process of comparing an unknown word to a similarly spelled known word persuasive techniques - ✔These are techniques used to convince. They include repetition, sentence variety, understatement, and overstatement. Adverb - ✔Describes a verb ex. above, early, camly, bravely, sometimes adjective - ✔A word that describes a noun EX. Big, Calm, Pretty Preposition - ✔A word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word EX. Until, Since,During
Conjuction - ✔a word that connects two or more words or sentences subordinate clause - ✔Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause. independent clause - ✔expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb. conjuctive adverbs - ✔act as adverbs and conjunctions (ex: futhermore, neverthelesss) subordinating conjunction - ✔connects an independent clause with one or more dependent clauses; examples: since, before, unless, however Ethos - ✔credibility Logos - ✔Appeal to logic Pathos - ✔Appeal to emotion Allusion - ✔A reference to another work of literature, person, or event Parody - ✔A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. Rhetoric - ✔the art of using language effectively and persuasively post hoc ergo propter hoc - ✔after this, therefore because of this compound sentence - ✔two or more independent clauses
EX. IN the begining NEAR the mouse Pronoun - ✔a word that takes the place of a noun Example: Sally and Jane went to the movies. WITH a pronoun: They went to the movies. antonym - ✔a word that means the opposite of another word Syntax - ✔The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. Connotation - ✔an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning. Diction - ✔the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing. epistolary - ✔concerned with letters; through correspondence Thesis - ✔a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. speculative - ✔not based on fact or investigation Cohesive paragraphs - ✔-Sentences flow easily Sentences cpnnect old from new info Starts with old material and ends with new
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development - ✔A theory made up of sensorimotor period, preoperational period, concrete operations, and formal operations expressed by Jean Piaget Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device - ✔humans have innate ability to adapt to grammar rules to create new sentences Styles and strategies Based Instruction - ✔Strategy Preparation In this phase, the goal is to determine just how much knowledge of and ability to use strategies the given learners already have. Strategy Awareness-Raising In this phase, the goal is to alert learners to presence of strategies they might never have thought about or may have thought about but had never used. Strategy Training In this phase, students are explicitly taught how, when, and why certain strategies (whether alone, in sequence, or in clusters) can be used to facilitate language learning and use activities. Strategy Practice In this phase, students are encouraged to experiment with a broad range of strategies. Personalization of Strategies Hyperbaton - ✔separation of words which belong together, often to emphasize the first of the separated words or to create a certain image. The Song of Hiawatha - ✔An epic by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, based on the story of an actual Native-American hero The historical Hiawatha was an Onondaga from what is now New York State
third person subjective - ✔describing one or more character's personal feelings and thoughts, Poetics Aristotle - ✔Differences in music rhythm, harmony, meter and melody. Difference of goodness in the characters. Difference in how the narrative is presented: telling a story or acting it out. Hyperbaton - ✔separation of words which belong together, often to emphasize the first of the separated words or to create a certain image. connative - ✔refers to the attitudes and feelings of a word denotative meaning - ✔the literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase Synecdoche - ✔a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa
