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Orthotic Fitter Practice Questions and Answers, Exams of Prosthetics & Orthotics

Salus UniversityProsthetics & Orthotics

A comprehensive set of practice questions and answers for orthotic fitters. It covers a wide range of topics, including foot anatomy, biomechanics, common foot conditions, and orthotic principles. The questions are designed to test knowledge and understanding of key concepts in orthotics, making it a valuable resource for students and professionals in the field.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 01/26/2025

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ORTHOTIC FITTER PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS
How many regions is the foot divided into and what are the names of the anatomical
divisions? - ANSWER- There are (3) regions of the foot known as : Forefoot, Midfoot,
Hindfoot
What bones make up the Hindfoot? - ANSWER- talus and calcaneus
What bones make up the midfoot? - ANSWER- navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms (medial,
intermediate, & lateral)
What bones make up the forefoot ? - ANSWER- 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges
What are the two pea-shaped bones located in the ball of the foot beneath the joint of
the Hallux and first metatarsal called? - ANSWER- The Sesamoids
What is a joint? - ANSWER- where two or more bones meet
How many joints are in the foot? - ANSWER- 33
What joints makeup the hindfood & midfoot? - ANSWER- Ankle Joint, Subtalar joints
and the Transverse tarsal joints.
What is another name for the ankle joint? - ANSWER- talocrural joint
What is the MAJOR JOINT in the hindfoot as well as the largest joint in the entire foot
called? - ANSWER- the Subtalar Joint (also referred to as the talocalcaneal joint)
Describe the Transverse tarsal joints? - ANSWER- Transverse tarsal joints (aka
Midtarsal and Choparts joint) is made up of two joints: Talonavicular & Calcaneocuboid
joints. Its also referred to as LYSFRANC joint. This joint is made up of tarsals and the
metatarsals.
How many arches are in the foot? - ANSWER- three; two longitudinal and one
transverse
What is a ligament? - ANSWER- attaches bone to bone; Ligaments are grouped together
in cords, bands, or sheets, and are as strong as rope.
What is a tendon? - ANSWER- Attaches muscle to bone; Muscles move bone by pulling
on tendons.
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ORTHOTIC FITTER PRACTICE QUESTIONS

WITH 100% CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS

How many regions is the foot divided into and what are the names of the anatomical divisions? - ANSWER- There are (3) regions of the foot known as : Forefoot, Midfoot, Hindfoot What bones make up the Hindfoot? - ANSWER- talus and calcaneus What bones make up the midfoot? - ANSWER- navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, & lateral) What bones make up the forefoot? - ANSWER- 5 metatarsals and 14 phalanges What are the two pea-shaped bones located in the ball of the foot beneath the joint of the Hallux and first metatarsal called? - ANSWER- The Sesamoids What is a joint? - ANSWER- where two or more bones meet How many joints are in the foot? - ANSWER- 33 What joints makeup the hindfood & midfoot? - ANSWER- Ankle Joint, Subtalar joints and the Transverse tarsal joints. What is another name for the ankle joint? - ANSWER- talocrural joint What is the MAJOR JOINT in the hindfoot as well as the largest joint in the entire foot called? - ANSWER- the Subtalar Joint (also referred to as the talocalcaneal joint) Describe the Transverse tarsal joints? - ANSWER- Transverse tarsal joints (aka Midtarsal and Choparts joint) is made up of two joints: Talonavicular & Calcaneocuboid joints. Its also referred to as LYSFRANC joint. This joint is made up of tarsals and the metatarsals. How many arches are in the foot? - ANSWER- three; two longitudinal and one transverse What is a ligament? - ANSWER- attaches bone to bone; Ligaments are grouped together in cords, bands, or sheets, and are as strong as rope. What is a tendon? - ANSWER- Attaches muscle to bone; Muscles move bone by pulling on tendons.

What is the ligament that is most prone to ankle sprains? - ANSWER- Anterior Talofibular ligament What are the names of the 3 lateral-collateral ligaments? - ANSWER- Anterior Talofibular, Posterior Talofibular, and the Calcaneofibular What are the deltoid ligaments and where are they located? - ANSWER- They are located on the medial side of the ankle. These ligaments are very strong however injuries occur much less commonly than lateral ligament injuries. What are the 3 types of muscles? - ANSWER- smooth, cardiac, skeletal Describe Origin & Insertion - ANSWER- Origrin is the more fixed attachment of a muscle, typically the starting and proximal point of a muscle. INSERTION is the moveable attachment at the distal end of a muscle. This produces skeletal movement when muscles contracts. Intrinsic vs Extrinsic (describe the difference between these two) - ANSWER- Intrinsic muscles of the foot are muscles that have both their ORIGIN & INSERTION in the foot. Extrinsic muscles of the the foot are those muscle that have their ORGIN IN LOWER LEG & INSERTION IN THE FOOT. Name the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment in foot: - ANSWER- tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, Peroneus tertius Name the muscles of the lateral comparent of the extrinsic muscles of the foot: - ANSWER- Peroneus Longus & Peroneus Brevis Name the 4 muscles of the deep Posterior Compartment: - ANSWER- Tibialis Posterior, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Halljucis Longus, and Poplietus Name the 3 Superfical Posterior Compartment: - ANSWER- Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Plantaris Name the 3 dorsal muscles of the foot: (Intrinsic Muscles of foot) - ANSWER- Extensor Digitorum Brevis, Extensor Hallucis Brevis, Dorsal Interossei (4) What are the 3 layers of the skin: - ANSWER- epidermis, dermis, hypodermis What is the clinical term for a foot that over everts, slightly dorsiflexes and abnormally abducts when a patient is walking? Why would a patient possibly complain about general pain in the area of the naviuclar while walking along with the sesamoids. - ANSWER- Term: Overpronation The area of the navicular would be painful because the arch has become flattened and the navicular bone is now on the ground, weight bearing.

Movements in joints are measured by a .... - ANSWER- Goniometer Abduction - ANSWER- Movement away from the midline of the body Adduction - ANSWER- action of moving toward the midline Flexion - ANSWER- Decreases the angle of a joint, bending Extension - ANSWER- Straightening of a joint, increasing the angle Circumduction - ANSWER- circular movement of a limb at the far end Internal rotation - ANSWER- rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline External rotation - ANSWER- turning the joint outward Define Inversion - ANSWER- Inversion is turning the foot medially resulting the sole moving inward Define Eversion - ANSWER- turning the sole of the foot outward What are the movements in the ankle joint - ANSWER- dorsiflexion and plantarflexion What are the movements in the Subtalar joints? - ANSWER- - Pronation consisting of : Dorsiflexion, Eversion,& Abduction.

  • Supinaiton: Plantarflexion, Inversion, Adduction Movement of the spine includes - ANSWER- Lateral Flexion (side bending)d, Reduction ( return to anatomical position) Slight Flexion& Extension Movement of the wrist and hand: - ANSWER- Palmar flexion/extension, Radial deviation, Ulnar Deviation, Opposition of the thumb. What is the difference between Active Range of Motion and Passive Range of Motion? - ANSWER- Active Range is how far a patient can move the joint as for Passive is how far a clincian can move the patients joint. Short bones are found is what areas of the body - ANSWER- Ankle and wrist This bone is The longest and strongest in body - ANSWER- Femur How many vertebrae are found in the lumbar spine - ANSWER- 5 How many vertebrae are found in the cervical spine - ANSWER- 7 How many vertebrae are found in the thoracic spine - ANSWER- 12

Which one of the digits only have an IP joint? - ANSWER- Hallux The peroneal muscles are associated with the: - ANSWER- Fibula The medial Malleoli is formed by the: - ANSWER- Base of the tibia A synovial joint has all of these charactersistics - ANSWER- Wear reduction, high weight bearing capacity, range of movement. Varus - ANSWER- a deformity of bone or bones of the leg or foot. Varus of the foot is where part of the foot or whole foot is inverted. Also referred at Vara, Varum Valgus - ANSWER- Valgus of foot is where the foot is everted. Outward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, as in knock-knees Pes Rectus - ANSWER- A foot with normal arch Pes Cavus (high arch) - ANSWER- Higher arch than normal; associated with excessive supination, accentuated high medial longitudinal arch Pes Planus - ANSWER- flat footed chacot marie tooth - ANSWER- neuromuscular problems decreasing coordination over time. Characteristics include high-arched Pes Cavus foot with Hammer toes, foot drop and frequent ankle strains. Edema - ANSWER- Abnormal buildup of fluid in the body. Edema is commonly seen in feet and ankles. Charcot Foot - ANSWER- Neuropathic fracture/dislocation found in patients with diabetes, most commonly resulting in a "rocker-bottom" foot deformity. instep of foot - ANSWER- Top center of the foot, in front of the ankle and behind the waist and ball of the foot. Straight lasted shoes are best for: - ANSWER- Individuals who are Flat footed Semi-curved last shoes are best for : - ANSWER- Individuals who have Normal Arches Curve lasted shoes are best for: - ANSWER- Individuals with high arched feet. What does Rubor suggest? - ANSWER- severe peripheral arterial damage in which vessels that cannot constrict remain dilated, Redness on surface is a sign of inflammaion.

In Medicare________ means you agree to always accept Medicare allowed amounts as payment in full of all services you furnished to Medicare beneficiaries. - ANSWER-