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OSCE Dental Hygiene Exams Practice 2025 -
2026 Test Guide
- Dental Hygiene Process of Care 1. Asses 2. Diagnose 3. Plan 4. Implement 5. Evaluate 6. Document
- Scope of Practice A dental hygienist is legally bound to provide care within the dental hygiene scope of practice
- Standard of care A professional uses the ordinary and reasonable skill that is commonly used by other reputable dental hygienists when caring for patients; involves prudent judgement and use of all available resources.
- (^) Informed Con- sent
Voluntary aflrmation by a patient to allow examination or treatment by authorized dental hygienist or other member of the dental team.
(^) Chief Complaints the patients main concern during the health history
What data to col- Health history lect dental history Intra/oral exam dental charting Perio assessment Radiographs
(^) Risk factors for Age Periodontal dis- oral^ hygiene ease tobacco^ use any systemic conditions medications
OSCE Dental Hygiene Exams Practice 2025 -
2026 Test Guide
Perio disease as a risk factor for systemic condi- tions
- Risk factors for dental caries
- Risk factors for oral cancer
Heart conditions Diabetes Pregnancy complications low birth weight
Poor oral hygiene prolonged nursing eating disorders drug or alcohol abuse irregular dental care
Tobacco Sun exposure
- Documentation - complete/accurate
- Neat
- IN INK
- right date
- abbreviations standardized
- not contaminated
- Diagnosis A statement about an actual or potential problem
- Diagnostic deci- sion making
A process involving the ability to collect, analyze, and synthesize data
- DH diagnosis - Formal statement of the DH's decision regarding the actual or potential problems of a patient that can be responsive to treatment through the DH scope of practice.
- Provides the basis fro decisions about dental hygiene tx, evaluation, and referral.
- Prognosis Prediction of the outcome
- Caries risk
OSCE Dental Hygiene Exams Practice 2025 -
2026 Test Guide
- Informed refusal Document and patient needs to sign
- Bass Method Most widely used method. Bristles are angled at a 45 degree angel towards the gingiva.
- Stillman's Method
- Charter's Method
Bristles are positioned on the gums rather than into the pockets and directed at a 45 degree angle.
Bristles are directed occlusally, away from the gingiva. Useful for cleaning ortho- dontic brackets, prosthesis, and areas treated with surgeries.
- Fone's Method Bristles are moved in large circular motion on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Useful for children, those physically impaired, or adults who lack manual dexterity.
- Fluoride Varnish -Dries immediately upon contact with saliva.
- Does not require a professional prophylaxis before hand.
- Can eat and drink immediately after.
- Avoid brushing, rigorous rinsing, or hard foods for 3 to 4 hours.
- Easier and more ettective method
- Fluoride is rec- ommended for patients who:
- Fluoride Gel or Foam (office ap- plication)
- Have xerostomia
- High caries risk
- Undergoing cancer therapy
- Orthodontics
- Applied onto tray and placed in patient's mouth usually for 4 minutes (Read manufactures label).
- Do not eat, drink, or smoke for 30 minutes.
- Most popular types are 1.23% APF and 2% Neutral sodium fluoride.
OSCE Dental Hygiene Exams Practice 2025 -
2026 Test Guide
Stannous Fluo- ride
- Acidulated Phos- phate Fluoride (APF)
- Neutral Sodium Fluoride
- When should a child's first dental appointment oc- cur?
- 0.4% available for non-prescription use.
- 1% neutral sodium fluoride gels available for prescription use.
- Can cause extrinsic staining (especially in patient's with inadequate plaque control).
- Do NOT use of composites, porcelain, or sealant materials as it causing pitting and roughening.
- Also avoid on root surfaces.
Agent of choice on root caries, implants, cosmetic restorations, and reduced salivary flow.
- Within 6 months of the eruption of the first tooth or before 1 - year of age.
- When should you - When the first tooth appears. first start brush- ing a child's teeth?
- Signs and Symp- toms of erosion
- dental caries from vomiting
- Perimolysis: erosion from vomiting mostly on the maxillary lingual surfaces. Raised appearance of restoration margins.
- Abrasion - V-shaped notch in the gingival portion of the facial aspect of the tooth.
- Results from forces of friction between the teeth or external objects.
- Can happen from improper brushing technique or the use of a toothpick or pipe.
- Attrition - Results from forces between the teeth.
- Wear on the incised and occlusal surfaces from grinding.
- Abfraction
OSCE Dental Hygiene Exams Practice 2025 -
2026 Test Guide
- ASA 4 Pt with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.
- Possible risk of death
- Unstable angina
- Symptomatic COPD and CHF
- ASA 5 Moribund patient not expected to survive for more than 24 hours without surgery.
- ASA 6 Brain dead pt.
- Radiolucency Dark areas on the film. Produced by less dense structures that allows the passage of x-rays. (i.e. cysts)
- Radiopaque Light areas on the film. Produced by denser structures. (i.e. Lamina Dura)
- Overlap inappropriate horizontal angulation
- Foreshortening too much vertical angulation
- Elongation not enough vertical angulation
- Mark across film bent film
- Circular white boarder on film
Cone cut
- backwards film
OSCE Dental Hygiene Exams Practice 2025 -
2026 Test Guide
- Darker film with outlines of many teeth
double exposure
- Film too dark too much development time; temperature too high
- Film too light not enough development time; temperature too low
- Cracked emul- sion
sudden temperature change between developer and fixer.
- Darker areas developing solution touches film before processing procedure.
- Lighter areas fixer solution touches film before processing procedure.
- Thin, black, branchlike lines on film
Static lines caused by low humidity and opening film packet too quickly.
- Fogged films improper safelight, light leaking into dark room, outdated film.
- "V" or "Sharks fin" on pano
- Exaggerated smile on pano
- Flat smile on pano
- Mandibular in- cisors roots blurred on pano
caused by lead collar.
chin tipped down too far
chin tipped too far up
chin tipped too far down
- Maxillary incisors chin tipped too far up roots blurred on pano
- patient head is twisted (the larger side is the distant side)
- White straight opacity
- Shadow over maxillary teeth
- Anterior teeth thicker and wider
- Skinny anterior teeth
- Dark shadow on anteriors
slumping causing ghost image of spine
tongue not touching rough of the mouth
chin placed behind the focal trough. Enlarged incisors (head too far back).
chin placed too far forward. Small incisors (head too far forward).
Patient not closing lips around biting blocks.
- Ghost image Jewelry not removed
- Incisive foramen on film
- median palatine suture
- Passageway for nasopalatine nerves.
- Small radiolucent oval between roots of maxillary central incisors.
vertical radiolucent thin line in the middle of the palate.
- Maxillary sinus - Hollow spaces in bone superior to molar and premolar.
- Inverted Y - Junction where the nasal fossa and the maxillary sinus.
- Most commonly superior to the maxillary canine apex.
- Maxillary Tuberosity
- Distal portion of the alveolar process.
- Rounded, radiopaque elevation distal to third molar regions.
- Hamulus - Extension of medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone. Radiopaque hook-like protrusion posterior to maxillary tuberosity.
- Zygomatic process
- Slender profusion of the temporal bone that serves to strengthen the zygomatic arch.
- U-shaped radiopaque band superior to molar apices.
- Coronoid Process
- Anterior portion of ramus.
- Radiopaque triangular projection usually superimposed over maxillary tuberos- ity.
- Genial tubercles - Four bony spines used for muscle attachment of the genioglossus and geniohy- oid muscles.
- Circular rap opacities inferior to central incisor apices.
- Lingual foramen -Exit for incisive vessel branches.
- Radiolucent circle inside the radiopaque genial tubercles on the mandibular anteriors.
- Mental Foramen -Opening for mental nerve and vessels inferior to mandibular premolar apices.
- Round radiolucent area sometimes mistaken for periodical disease.
- Mental ridge
- Mandibular canal -Radiolucent horizontal band outlined with a thin line of cortical bone.
- Inferior alveolar nerve and arteries pass inside the canal. Stretches from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen.
- Panoramic expo- sure
- Useful for evaluating impacted teeth, eruption patterns, TMJ problems, etc.
- Usually not clear and detailed enough to assess caries and periodontal disease.
- Periapical (PA) - Captures the crown, CEJ, root, and surrounding areas.
- Used mainly for diagnosis of periodontal disease, pathology, endodontic thera- py, and implants.
- Bitewing (BW) - Captures crowns, contacts, and height of alveolar bone.
- Used mainly for the diagnosis of dental caries (interproximally) - Vertical bitewings can detect early periodontal disease because the bone level is visible.
- Occlusal - Captures bone surrounding the teeth, floor of the mouth, sialolith (stone), su- pernumerary teeth, etc.
- Full-mouth series -Represent the entire dentition using a combination of PAs and BWs. (FMX)
- Incipient caries Lesion that extends less than halfway through the enamel.
- Moderate cari- ous lesion
- Advanced cari- ous lesion
Lesion that extends more than halfway through the enamel but does not involve the DEJ.
Lesion that extends to or through the DEJ but does not extend more than half the distance to the pulp.
- Severe carious le- Lesion that extends through enamel, through dentin, and more than half the sion distance to the pulp.
- Recurrent caries Appear under restorations
- Overhang over contouring of dental material beyond the cavity margin.
- Fluorosis - Caused by excessive fluoride.
- Amelogenesis imperfecta
- Dentinogenesis imperfecta
- May show pitting (mottled appearance), smoothness, or roughness.
- May appear yellow and is soft in texture, leading to the exposure of dentin.
- Attected teeth appear opalescent and brownish/blue in color.
- Primary teeth are usually attected more severely than permanent teeth.
- Radiographically, no pulp chambers or root canals are seen.
- Diastema - Space between two adjacent teeth.
- Filiform papillae most numerous papillae on the dorsal surface.
- Fungiform papil- lae
mushroom-shaped papillae, appear as red dots.
- Sulcus terminalis v-shaped groove separating the body and the base of the tongue.
- Lingual papillae larger papillae at the base of the tongue.
- Lingual tonsil located at the base of the tongue posterior to the circumvallate papillae.
- Circumvallate papillae
larger papillae lined along the sulcus terminals towards the back of the tongue. 10 to 14 in number.
- Lateral surface of sides of the tongue the tongue
- Foliate papillae papillae on the sides of the tongue.
- Ventral surface of bottom surface of the tongue. the tongue
- Parotid papilla small revelation at the opening of the parotid salivary gland duct, opposite of maxillary second molars.
