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Understanding Atomic Structure: Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons, Study notes of Chemistry

The concept of atomic structure, focusing on protons, neutrons, and electrons. It provides instructions on how to determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for various elements using their atomic numbers and mass numbers. The document also covers ions and their charges.

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Atom
P’s, N’s and e’s oh please!!
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Atom

P’s, N’s and e’s oh please!!

Atomic Number (Z)

It is the smaller, whole number in a square on the periodic table for one element.

It states the number of protons.

To determine the number of neutrons, you need to do a little subtraction.

First round the mass number to the nearest whole number (because you either have a proton or neutron or you do not)

Mass Number (A) – Atomic Number (Z) = neutrons

Practice!

How many protons and neutrons does Ca (calcium) have?

Mass number is 40

Atomic number is 20

  • Mg
  • 24-12 = 12
  • Protons are 12 (because of the atomic number)
  • Neutrons are 12 (because of the subtraction)

Mn

Atomic number is 25

Mass number rounded is 55

25 protons

55-25 = 30 neutrons

Neutral Ca

20 protons from its atomic number (Z)

Therefore it has 20 electrons

Ions

An ion is a neutral atom which has gained or lost an electron.

An ion with a negative charge is called an anion. (it has extra electrons)

An ion with a positive charge is called a cation.

What if N (Nitrogen) gained three electrons?

Its resulting charge is: -

Nitrogen has 7 electrons when it is neutral.

It will need three more electrons to have a - charge.

7+3 = 10

Element Protons Neutrons Electrons Charge

Ar 15 Mo As 11 0 O - 2