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Pageant Chapter Quizzes 12th Edition, Exercises of French Philology

De La Salle Araneta University (DLSAU)French Philology

How did the Great Awakening play a part in the American Revolution? It broke down sectional boundaries, denominations lines, contributed to a sense that.

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Pageant Chapter Quizzes 12th Edition
Chapter 1
1. What was the name of the single super continent some 225 million years ago where the entire
world’s dry land was contained?
Pangaea
2. How long ago were the Appalachian Mountains created? What part of North America are they
located in?
480 - 350 million years ago. They run from Canada down to Georgia and Alabama along the
East Coast.
3. What was the name of the narrow eastern coastal plain that sloped gently upward to the timeworn
ridges of the Appalachians?
“Tidewater region”
4. How did many of the Native Americans travel to North America from Asia?
The land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska
5. Which Indian tribe called Peru home when the Spanish came to the New World?
Incas
6. Which Indian tribe called Central America home PRIOR to the Aztec empire (Yucatan Peninsula)?
Mayans
7. Which Indian tribe called Mexico home when the Spanish came to the New World?
Aztecs
8. Which crop did most of the tribes cultivate as their primary harvest?
Maize
9. How did the Aztecs routinely seek favor with their many gods? Why did Aztecs perform this ritual
daily?
Human sacrifice (5000). They thought the sun would be extinguished if they didn’t.
10. Which Indian tribe, known as “village” in Spanish, constructed intricate irrigation systems to water
their cornfields in the Rio Grande valley?
Pueblo
11. Name three Indian tribes located in Arizona when the Spanish arrived in the New World? Texas?
Mohave, Yuma, Pima, Papago, Navajo, Hopi, Zuni, Maricopa. Apache, Jumano and Eastern
Pueblos, Kiowa, Comanche, Wichita, Tawakoni, Kitsai, Daddo, Bidai, Karankawa, Tonkawa,
Coahuilteco, Carrizo
12. Which North American Indian tribe created a Confederacy, which could have rivaled the great
nation-states of Mexico and Peru?
Iroquois
13. What was the name of the sixteenth century leader of the Iroquois Confederacy?
Hiawatha
14. Why were the Native Americans easily conquered by the Spanish and later by the English?
They had inferior weapons, were not organized, spoke many different languages, European
diseases
15. The “three-sister” farming technique produced which crops in the southeastern Atlantic seaboard
region?
Maize, beans, squash
16. Which Native American tribes prospered because of the “three sister” farming technique?
Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee
17. What probably is the greatest legacy of the North American Indian tribes to the Americans (Hjort
question)?
Their Names
18. How many Native Americans occupied North America in 1492? What is the current number of
American Indian/Alaska Natives in the United States?
4-7 million/5.2 million
19. Which Viking was probably the first to set foot upon the North American soil?
Leif Erickson
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Download Pageant Chapter Quizzes 12th Edition and more Exercises French Philology in PDF only on Docsity!

Pageant Chapter Quizzes 12

th

Edition

Chapter 1

  1. What was the name of the single super continent some 225 million years ago where the entire world’s dry land was contained? Pangaea
  2. How long ago were the Appalachian Mountains created? What part of North America are they located in? 480 - 350 million years ago. They run from Canada down to Georgia and Alabama along the East Coast.
  3. What was the name of the narrow eastern coastal plain that sloped gently upward to the timeworn ridges of the Appalachians? “Tidewater region”
  4. How did many of the Native Americans travel to North America from Asia? The land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska
  5. Which Indian tribe called Peru home when the Spanish came to the New World? Incas
  6. Which Indian tribe called Central America home PRIOR to the Aztec empire (Yucatan Peninsula)? Mayans
  7. Which Indian tribe called Mexico home when the Spanish came to the New World? Aztecs
  8. Which crop did most of the tribes cultivate as their primary harvest? Maize
  9. How did the Aztecs routinely seek favor with their many gods? Why did Aztecs perform this ritual daily? Human sacrifice (5000). They thought the sun would be extinguished if they didn’t.
  10. Which Indian tribe, known as “village” in Spanish, constructed intricate irrigation systems to water their cornfields in the Rio Grande valley? Pueblo
  11. Name three Indian tribes located in Arizona when the Spanish arrived in the New World? Texas? Mohave, Yuma, Pima, Papago, Navajo, Hopi, Zuni, Maricopa. Apache, Jumano and Eastern Pueblos, Kiowa, Comanche, Wichita, Tawakoni, Kitsai, Daddo, Bidai, Karankawa, Tonkawa, Coahuilteco, Carrizo
  12. Which North American Indian tribe created a Confederacy, which could have rivaled the great nation-states of Mexico and Peru? Iroquois
  13. What was the name of the sixteenth century leader of the Iroquois Confederacy? Hiawatha
  14. Why were the Native Americans easily conquered by the Spanish and later by the English? They had inferior weapons, were not organized, spoke many different languages, European diseases
  15. The “three-sister” farming technique produced which crops in the southeastern Atlantic seaboard region? Maize, beans, squash
  16. Which Native American tribes prospered because of the “three sister” farming technique? Creek, Choctaw, and Cherokee
  17. What probably is the greatest legacy of the North American Indian tribes to the Americans (Hjort question)? Their Names
  18. How many Native Americans occupied North America in 1492? What is the current number of American Indian/Alaska Natives in the United States? 4-7 million/5.2 million
  19. Which Viking was probably the first to set foot upon the North American soil? Leif Erickson
  1. How did the crusades help to drive the need to “discover” North America? How did the fall of the Mongolian Empire lead to the Age of Exploration? The drive for goods and exotic delights of Asia created a need for a quicker route to Asia. It became more dangerous to travel along the land route to Asia and drove people to the water.
  2. Which Italian adventurer returned to Europe in 1295 to tell tails of his nearly 20-year trip in China? Marco Polo
  3. Which country had developed the caravel, a ship that could sail more closely into the wind, and they also discovered that they could return to Europe by sailing northwesterly from the African coast toward the Azores, where the prevailing westward breezes would carry them home? Portuguese
  4. Who were the first flesh (slave) merchants in the Continent of Africa? Arabs and Africans themselves
  5. Which Portuguese explorer rounded the southernmost tip of the “Dark Continent” in 1488? Bartholomeu Dias
  6. In 1498, which Portuguese explorer reached India and returned with jewels and spices? Vasco da Gama
  7. Which country sponsored Columbus’s trip to the New World? Spain
  8. Why did Columbus call the Natives of North America Indians? Because Columbus thought he had arrived in the Indies
  9. What fraction of the current worlds crops which are cultivated, originated in the Americas? 3/
  10. According to the authors of our textbook what tradeoff for the losses inflicted by the slave trade helped to make Africa more prosperous? Introduction of maize, manioc, and sweet potatoes
  11. Name some of the Columbian exchanges from the New World to the Old. Gold, silver, corn, potatoes, pineapples, tomatoes, tobacco, beans, vanilla, chocolate, syphilis.
  12. Name some of the Columbian exchanges from the Old World and Africa to the New World. Wheat, sugar, rice, coffee, horses, cows, pigs, smallpox, measles, bubonic plague, influenza, typhus, diphtheria, scarlet fever, slave labor.
  13. Which country is most responsible for the introduction of the horse to N. America? Spain
  14. Where in the New World did the “sugar revolution” take place? Caribbean because of the climate for sugar cane
  15. What treaty will be signed in 1494 dividing the New World among the Portuguese and Spanish? Treaty of Tordesillas
  16. When the Spanish arrive in the New World what were their motives? Establishment of missions (conversion), search for God, gold and glory.
  17. What was the name given to the Spanish explores of the New World? Conquistadores
  18. Who is known as the person to 1st^ circumnavigate the globe (didn’t quite make it)? Ferdinand Magellan
  19. Which Spanish explorer sought the “Cities of Gold” in North America, wandering into AZ, NM and going east as far as Kansas? Coronado
  20. What is the oldest continually inhabited European settlement established in what would become the United States? St. Augustine, 1565 (in Florida)
  21. What “new race” was formed between the Europeans and Indian women of the New World? Mestizos
  22. What was the capital of the Aztec Empire? What was the name of the Aztec god that they thought had arrived in the form of Cortez? Tenochtitlan/ Quetzalcoatl
  23. What two ways did the Spaniards conquer the Aztecs? Through militarily and disease (small pox)
  1. In what year were the first slaves brought to Virginia? What was the nickname of this group of indentured servants? What country was responsible for bringing them to the New World? 1619/ 40 ought/ Dutch
  2. Which colony was founded by Lord Baltimore and was the second plantation colony— 4 th^ colony planted in the New World? Maryland
  3. What was the motivation of the establishment of Lord Baltimore’s colony? Haven for Catholics from Protestant England and he wanted to create a vast new feudal domain.
  4. What region are the Virginia and Maryland colonies considered to have occupied? Chesapeake region
  5. What Act in 1649 did the Catholics through their support behind hoping for religious toleration? Maryland Toleration Act of 1649
  6. What were the statutes guaranteed in the Act of 1649? There must be religious toleration to all Christians who believe in the Trinity. Jews and atheists could be killed.
  7. Tobacco was to the Chesapeake Region as ________________ was to the Caribbean? Sugar
  8. What group of people were used as the 1st^ slaves in the Americas, but refused to work and would rather die? What advantage did they have over the Africans brought to the Americas? Native Americans/ They knew the terrain and all the good hiding spots (home field advantage)!
  9. Which slave code of the Caribbean denied even the most fundamental rights to slaves and gave masters complete control over their laborers. Barbados slave code of 1661
  10. Which colonies will be named after Charles II (son of the beheaded king of England during the English Civil War)? Carolinas
  11. Who brought slavery to the Carolina colonies? People emigrating from Barbados
  12. What was the principle crop of the Carolinas? Why? Rice/ Tidewater region. Great for growing rice.
  13. Why was West African slaved brought to the Carolinas? They were experienced in the cultivation of rice
  14. Which two colonies of the original 13 were the most democratic, most independent-minded, and least aristocratic? North Carolina and Rhode Island
  15. What did the English crown see as the purpose for the establishment of Georgia? Buffer from Spanish Florida and the hostile French in Louisiana
  16. Who is known as the founder of Georgia? James Oglethorpe
  17. Originally Georgia was established as a debtors haven, but later many Christians came to share the gospel included in them was this man who later would return to England and form the Methodist Church. John Wesley
  18. Name three of the five Iroquois Confederacy tribes? Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas.
  19. Place the following in chronological order: Maryland Act of Toleration, Virginia colony founded at Jamestown, Roanoke colony founded, Second Anglo-Powhatan War. Roanoke, Jamestown, 2nd Anglo, Maryland Act of Toleration

Chapter 3

  1. Which German friar started the Protestant Reformation? Martin Luther
  2. What became the dominant theological credo not only of the New England Puritans but of other American settlers as well, including the Scottish Presbyterians, French Huguenots, and communicants of the Dutch Reformed Church? Calvinism
  3. Which theological credo believed in “predestination” for those who would go to heaven and hell? Calvinism
  4. Puritans believe in the concept of “visible saints”. Describe this concept. A person who felt the stirrings of grace in their soul could demonstrate its presence to their fellow Puritan
  5. Which ship did the Pilgrams come to the New World in? Mayflower
  6. What colony did they establish? Plymouth Colony
  7. Before they left the ships what document was drawn up which will be the first example of a written constitution in the New World? Describe its theme. Mayflower Compact. It was a simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon (Direct democracy)
  8. Who was a prominent leader among the Pilgrims and became the 1st^ governor of the Plymouth colony? William Bradford
  9. In 1630 the Massachusetts Bay colony was established and this man became its first governor? John Winthrop
  10. What famous statement by Winthrop described the Massachusetts Bay colony? “We shall be as a city upon a hill” a beacon to humanity.
  11. What were Blue Laws and how did they get their name? They were laws prohibiting behavior deemed wrong by the people. Named after the blue paper on which they were printed.
  12. This woman was banished from the Massachusetts Bay colony because of antinomianism. Who was she and what is antinomianism? Anne Hutchinson – high heresy
  13. Name the founder and colony which separated from the Massachusetts Bay colony in 1636 and is founded on the principle of separation of Church and State? Roger Williams – Rhode Island
  14. What did the Puritan clergy in Boston call the separatist colony? “that sewer” in which the “Lord’s debris” had collected and rotted. Rogue’s Island.
  15. This colony was founded by Thomas Hooker with the dreams of making a bustling seaport. Connecticut
  16. This type of servitude was established in the colonies which allowed people to serve four to seven years as a laborer for a family. Indentured servitude
  17. Why was the Chesapeake society unable to reproduce itself naturally until the last quarter of the seventeenth century? High death rate. Not family orientated. The men were concerned with making money rather than establishing a family.
  18. When did indentured servitude die out in the colonies (not in chapter)? Why? Mid-18th Century/ by 1660, much of the best land was claimed by the large land owners. The former servants were pushed westward, where the mountainous land was less arable and the threat from Indians constant. A class of angry, impoverished pioneer farmers began to emerge as the 1600s grew old. After BACON'S REBELLION in 1676, planters began to prefer permanent African slavery to the headright system that had previously enabled them to prosper.

Chapter 4

  1. What diseases cut the life span of newcomers from England to the Chesapeake area by 10 years? Malaria, dysentery, and typhoid.
  2. What was the consequence of the cultivation of tobacco on the Chesapeake region? Exhausted soil and insatiable demand for virgin land.
  3. How did Virginia and Maryland encourage the importation of servant workers to their colonies? Introduction of the “Headright” system—whoever paid the passage of a laborer received the right to acquire fifty acres of land. The Masters would reap the benefit not the laborers.
  4. This rebellion took place 100 years prior to the signing of the Declaration of Independence and resembled a struggle against royal authority? Describe the problem. Bacon’s Rebellion/ About a thousand Virginians rose (including former indentured servants, poor whites and poor blacks) because they resented Virginia Governor William Berkeley's friendly policies towards the Native Americans when Berkeley refused to retaliate for a series of Indian attacks on frontier settlements, others took matters into their own hands, attacking Indians, chasing Berkeley from Jamestown, Virginia, and torching the capital. William Berkeley will be recalled to England because the British gov’t and farmers worried about the alliance between the indentured servants and slaves in the Rebellion.
  5. The term “middle passage” refers to what event during colonial period? The transatlantic sea voyage of slaves from Africa
  6. What was the total percentage of slaves brought to British North America? 5.4% of the 12 million (645k total)
  7. True or False More Africans have come to the United States post 1800s then were brought here during slavery? True
  8. What region of Africa did most of the slaves who reached North America come from? West Africa
  9. What company lost its charter to transport slaves to North America in 1698? Royal African Company
  10. Which colony’s people especially thrived on the lucrative transportation of slaves to North America? Rhode Island
  11. What is “chattel slavery”? Slaves in your possession
  12. In what years were the first slave code enacted in Virginia? 1662
  13. What musical genre can the United States claim as their own? Jazz (because of slavery)
  14. This slave rebellion took place in 1739 in South Carolina when fifty slaves tried to march to Spanish Florida. What was the reaction to this rebellion? Stono Rebellion/ In response to the rebellion, the South Carolina legislature passed the Negro Act of 1740 restricting slave assembly, education and movement. It also enacted a 10-year moratorium against importing African slaves, and established penalties against slaveholders' harsh treatment of slaves. It required legislative approval for manumissions, which slaveholders had previously been able to arrange privately.
  15. Who was the “FFV”? First Families of Virginia
  16. What was the most common religion among the slaves which would play a vital role in their emancipation? Christianity
  17. Why did many urban professionals avoid migrating to the South? Not an industrial society. Southern life revolved around great plantations.
  18. Why did the population in New England prosper more than their counterparts in the Chesapeake area? The family remained at the center of New England life. Their population grew from the beginning because of early marriage and booming birthrate—27 in Massachusetts governor William Phips family—by one mother.
  1. What was the difference between New England and Southern women concerning property rights? Southern women retained their property rights and gave widows the right to inherit their husband’s estates. New England woman usually gave up their property rights, but were given property rights if widowed.
  2. What did the “A” stand for in The Scarlet Letter? Adultery
  3. Who was the author of The Scarlet Letter? Nathaniel Hawthorne
  4. What was the main goal of Harvard University in the 17th^ and 18th^ century? Train ministers
  5. What did Thomas Jefferson call “the best school of political liberty the world ever saw”? Town meetings in New England
  6. This new arrangement modified the agreement between the church and its adherents, to admit to baptism, but not “full communion”—the unconverted children of existing members. Why was this instituted? Halfway Covenant (weakened the distinction between the “elect” and others, further diluting the spiritual purity of the original settlers). To help increase the number of Puritans (young starting to drift from parents ways…go figure).
  7. What hysterical religious event took place in 1692 New England? Salem Witch Trials
  8. Because of the halfway covenant who because the majority in Puritan congregations? Women
  9. What concept was alien to the Native Americans when livestock was introduced to the New World? Exclusive land ownership
  10. What trait came to be claimed by all Americans as a proud badge of courage? “Yankee ingenuity”—not so much in the South.
  11. Place the following in chorological order: Bacon’s Rebellion, Royal African Company slave trade monopoly ended, Harvard College founded, Salem witch trials in Massachusetts, First Africans arrive in Virginia. African slaves, Harvard College, Bacon’s Rebellion, Salem Witch trials, Royal African Company
  1. What was the nickname for those orthodox clergymen who were deeply skeptical of the emotionalism during the 1st^ Great Awakening? Name for the ministers which defended the Awakenings for its role in revitalizing American religion. “old lights” – “new lights”
  2. How did the Great Awakening play a part in the American Revolution? It broke down sectional boundaries, denominations lines, contributed to a sense that Americans had a common history and shared experiences.
  3. What did all of the first colleges in North America between 1636 – 1769 have in common which made it out of reach for all? All were private
  4. Which artist is best known for his portraits of George Washington and ran a museum? Charles Wilson Peale
  5. Which legal case fought between 1734-35 dealt with the issue of a reporter libeling a corrupt royal governor of New York (William Crosby)? Zenger Case
  6. Name the three types of colonies by 1775? 8 – royal, 3 – (Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware), Proprietors 2 – Charter (Connecticut & Rhode Island).
  7. Practically every colony utilized this style of legislative body? Bicameral or two-house
  8. Which holiday celebrated in the colonies came to be a truly American festival? Thanksgiving
  9. Place the following in chronological order: Princeton College founded, Paxton Boys march on Philadelphia, Yale College founded, Jonathan Edwards begins Great Awakening, First edition of Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac, Zenger free-press trial in New York. Yale College, Almanac, Jonathan Edwards, Zenger, Princeton, Paxton.

Chapter 6

  1. This document granted limited toleration to French Protestants? Edict of Nantes
  2. Which two countries dominated the American Empire as far as land mass by 1700? France and Spain
  3. Who ruled over the government of New France (Canada) from 1700 to 1754? King of France – Louis XIV
  4. Which group of individuals - “runners of the woods” – were responsible for some place names such as Baton Rouge, Terre Haute, Des Moines, Grand Tetons? French fur-trappers
  5. Which group of French missionaries labored zealously to save the Indians for Christ? Jesuits
  6. Which fortified post on the Mississippi was considered the most important because it commanded the mouth of the Mississippi River? New Orleans
  7. What war began as a small-scale scuffle between England and Spain, but merged into a large-scale War of Austrian Succession in Europe and became known as King George’s War in America (
    • 1748)? War of Jenkins’s Ear
  8. Place the following world wars in chronological order: WWI, Seven Years’ War, WWII, French Revolution, Napoleonic Wars, American Revolution. Seven, American, French, Napoleonic, WWI, WWII.
  9. Which lieutenant colonel is responsible for starting the French and Indian War which led to the American Revolution (So he started the war, that started the war, that brought about our independence!)? George Washington
  10. Which land will cause great rivalry between France and Britain leading to the French and Indian War? Ohio Country
  11. What was ironic about the date Washington surrendered at Fort Necessity in 1754? July 4th!
  12. Which failed plan of union in 1754 was the brain child of Ben Franklin? Why did it fail? What famous propaganda poster was made concerning this plan? Albany Plan/ The Crown did not push it since British officials realized that, if adopted, the plan could create a very powerful entity that His Majesty's Government might not be able to control. The royal counselors need not have worried; the colonists were not ready for union, nor were the colonial assemblies ready to give up their recent and hard-won control over local affairs to a central government./ Join or Die with the Snake divided up.
  13. Which founding father would call his contemporaries “weak noodles” in 1754, when they failed to agree on the details associated with a union plan? Ben Franklin
  14. Which British leader known as the “Great Commoner” will be responsible for the British victory in the French and Indian War? William Pitt
  15. After the French and Indian War which two countries dominated North America? Britain and Spain
  16. What did the British do which caused friction between the British officers and militiamen of the colonials? Never recognized any American militia commission above captain and didn’t see them as any help in the war victory.
  17. How did the French and Indian war help unite the Americans? Most after the war discovered they were all fellow Americans who generally spoke the same language and shared common ideals.

Chapter 7

  1. Describe the idea of republicanism which American colonists by the mid-eighteenth century had possibly yearned for? A just society is one which all citizens willingly subordinate their private, selfish interests to the common good. You need a virtuous citizenry.
  2. What did the “radical Whigs” fear about the monarch? Arbitrary power and the use of patronage and bribes by the king’s ministers
  3. How did distance from the Crown affect the relationship between colonists and the Crown? The distance caused a weaken authority (when the parents are away the kids will play).
  4. This economic form of government by England increased its wealth because the colonies could both supply raw materials to the mother country and provide a guaranteed market for exports? Mercantilism
  5. These laws (better known as Acts) were first implemented in the 1650s to stop rival countries from trading with the American colonies (reminder question). Navigation Acts
  6. Describe how the Acts described in question #5 were applied to the colonies (two other ways). Americans must first land in Britain where tariff duties could be collected. Others stipulated that American merchants must ship certain ”enumerated” products, notably tobacco, exclusively to Britain.
  7. Money became so tight in the colonies that they printed _________________, but Parliament prohibited the colonial legislatures from doing this? Paper currency
  8. If the colonies passed laws which interfered with the mercantilist system what could Parliament do? Nullify the laws
  9. Most of the laws passed prior to 1763 were loosely enforced. This policy became known as Salutary Neglect
  10. According to Theodore Roosevelt why did revolution break out in the colonies? Britain had failed to recognize an emerging nation
  11. Which British politician warned: “Young man, there is America—which at this day serves for little more than to amuse you with stories of savage men and uncouth manners; yet shall, before you taste of death, show itself equal to the whole of that commerce which now attracts the envy of the world”? Edmund Burke
  12. Which founding father described Britain in 1775 as: “an old mother that peevish is grown”? Ben Franklin
  13. What mounting problem faced Britain post-French and Indian War? 140 million in debt
  14. What was the first direct tax applied to the American colonists in 1764? How did it affect the price of the commodity? Sugar Act of 1764; lowered the price of sugar…go figure!
  15. Which British Exchequer approved this tax—hence the naming of the taxes after him? George Grenville
  16. When protest grew in the colonies over the tax of 1764 what was Parliaments reaction? Lowering of the tax
  17. Which act was passed in 1765 which later would lead to the creation of the 3rd^ Amendment to the US Constitution? Quartering Act of 1765
  18. In that same year, 1765, what famous tax will be passed which affected all classes of colonists? Stamp Act
  19. What famous cry came from the Stamp Act Congress concerning these new taxes? What famous rallying cry came from James Otis? “No taxation without representation”; “Taxation without representation is Tyranny”
  20. Why was the admiralty courts hated by the colonists, which later would be a reason for the passing of the 6th^ Amendment to the US Constitution? No jury trials allowed.
  1. How did the British answer the colonist protest concerning representation? Describe that representation. They stated that the colonists were virtually represented. Grenville stated that every Member of Parliament represented all British subjects.
  2. This body formed in 1765 in protest of the Stamp Act helped to erode sectional suspicions, for it brought together around the same table leaders from the different and rival colonies? Stamp Act Congress
  3. What did the colonists do which greatly led to the repealing of the Stamp Act? Non-importation of British goods
  4. Name the two groups who used the slogan “Liberty, Property, and No Stamps”? Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty
  5. Name a famous Massachusetts resident who was a leading member of one of the groups described in question #24 (cousin to the 2nd^ President of the US? Sam Adams
  6. What were some of the retaliations by colonists to Stamp collectors? They would tar and feather them, confiscate their money, hang in effigy a stamp agent on liberty poles/trees
  7. After the Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 which act was immediately passed which stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”—(they just never learn)? Declaratory Act
  8. How were the Townshend Acts of 1767 different than the Stamp Act? This tax was an indirect customs duty payable at American ports (not a direct tax)
  9. What were the revenues of the Townshend Acts used for? Pay the salaries of the royal governors and judges in America
  10. What famous clash took place on March 5, 1770 in Boston? Who created the woodcut that was used as a propaganda tool surrounding this incident? Boston Massacre; Paul Revere
  11. How many colonists lost their life in this clash? Who was the first man to die? What future POTUS defended the soldiers on trial for this incident? Five – including Crispus Attucks; John Adams
  12. Parliament finally repealed all of the Townshend revenue duties in 1770, but one—which one--oops? Tea
  13. The failure to repeal all of the revenue duties led to this event in December of 1773? Boston Tea Party
  14. What did Sam Adams create in 1772 which helped to contribute to the spirit of resistance in the colonies? Letter writing campaigns between the colonies. Intercolonial Committees of Correspondence
  15. What did the Boston Port Act do? Closed Boston harbor until the damages were paid and order could be ensured
  16. These Acts swept away many of the colonial Massachusetts charter rights? What was the opinion of the other colonies concerning these acts? Intolerable (Coercive) Acts; The colonies worried that is Massachusetts rights could be revokes so could their rights (charters)
  17. This Act guaranteed the Catholic religion and permitted the conquered French Canadians their old customs and institutions? Quebec Act—gave the French more rights than the colonists!!!
  18. What was the major problem with the act discussed in question #37 with the colonists? Dangerous precedent against jury trials and popular assemblies
  19. What document will be generated by the 1st^ Continental Congress? Declaration of Rights and formed the Continental Association
  20. What did the Association call for concerning British goods? Complete boycott—nonimportation, nonexportation, and noncomsumption
  21. In April of 1775 what famous battle took place which is the start of the Am. Revolution? Battle of Lexington and Concord

Chapter 8

  1. The Conservative movement in Congress in May 1775 desired what actions to take place in the colonies? Continued fighting, but no independence.
  2. What did George Washington do which gave the members of the 2nd^ Continental Congress hints that he should be elected Commander of the Continentals? He wore his dress uniform
  3. What was unique about Washington’s military record? Washington lost more battles than he won
  4. What qualities did Washington posses which convinced the 2nd^ Continental Congress to choose him as the leader of the Continental Army? Outstanding powers of leadership and immense strength of character, radiated patience, courage, self-discipline, and a sense of justice
  5. Ethan Allen and what other man helped to surprise and capture the British garrisons at Ticonderoga and Crown Point? Benedict Arnold
  6. As proof that the colonies were not seeking their independence what last ditch effort was passed in July 1775 which King George III rejected after the Battle of Bunker Hill. Why did he reject the colonies appeal? Olive Branch Petition; The casualty rate at the Battle of Bunker Hill
  7. Why were the Americans upset about the hiring of the Hessian mercenaries? They felt that this was a family fight—should not involve others
  8. Even though Bunker Hill was a defeat, how did it affect the British? Heavy casualties and forced them to consider the Hessians
  9. Thomas Paine is known for the distribution of what famous document? In what year? Common Sense ; January 1776
  10. What was Paine’s definition of a republic? Political society where power flowed from the people themselves
  11. What is meant by the term Republican Motherhood (not in book)? The idea that women would fight for the colonies and do anything which would help the cause of freedom and independence.
  12. What did Thomas Jefferson call the most republican example of democracy in the colonies prior to the American Revolution? New England town meetings and annual elections
  13. Republicanism meant what to the Patriots in the Revolution? Meant an end to hereditary aristocracy, but not an end to all social hierarchy.
  14. What document was the 1st^ formal declaration of independence by the colonies? Richard Henry Lee’s Resolution
  15. What document can be called “the Explanation of Independence”? Why? Declaration of Independence. Because 2/3 of the document listed the grievances the colonies had towards King George III
  16. Which English philosopher did Jefferson use to invoke universal “natural rights”? (not in textbook) John Locke
  17. What statement in the Declaration of Independence will haunt the citizens of the US for generations to come? “all men are created equal”
  18. What was the other name given to the Loyalists in the American Revolution? Tories
  19. What was the alternate name of the Patriots during the American Revolution? Whigs
  20. By many accounts how much of the colonial population remained loyal to Great Britain during the Revolution? 16%
  21. What was the derogatory name given to the “redcoats” by the patriots? (not in book) Lobster Backs
  1. What famous Founding Father disowned his eldest son (illegitimate) for remaining loyal to Britain? Ben Franklin
  2. Which side of the battle did most educated and wealthy people fall during the American Revolution? Loyalists
  3. Which famous American said the following: “Give me liberty, or give me death!” Patrick Henry
  4. Which famous American said the following just before his death after being captured by the British: “I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country” Nathan Hale
  5. Which famous American said the following: “I have not begun to fight”, but later he had to abandon his ship? John Paul Jones
  6. In what part of the colonies were the Loyalists least numerous? Why? New England. Most democratic and was especially strong and mercantilism was weak.
  7. What major mistake did Britain make concerning the Loyalists? Did not take full advantage of their loyalty
  8. Which battle will George Washington use a controlled retreat, with the help of a prevailing wind and fog to escape the British? Battle of Long Island
  9. What famous crossing took place on December 25, 1776 by Washington? What other future POTUS will be depicted in the same boat as George Washington at this famous crossing? Crossing the Delaware; James Monroe
  10. What two famous victories will take place in December 1776 by the Continental Army? Trenton and Princeton
  11. After facing the British head-on in NY, what strategy did Washington implement which was not in the style of Old European Warfare? The use of guerilla warfare—hit and run
  12. After victories at Brandywine and Germantown where does Washington retire for the winter to in 1777? Valley Forge, PA
  13. Which British general was defeated in October of 1777, which becomes the turning point of the American Revolution? General Burgoyne
  14. What battle will be the turning point of the American Revolution in October 1777? Battle of Saratoga
  15. Why was the battle in question #35 the turning point? The French decide to join the battle because the Americans prove they can defeat the British.
  16. What was the primary reason for the French backing of the Americans in the American Revolution? Revenge from the defeat in the F/I war
  17. Why was the military alliance with the French unique during the American Revolution? They were a hereditary foe and Roman Catholic.
  18. After this battle, Washington remained in NY until his move to Yorktown? Monmouth
  19. How was American morale shaken in 1780? Benedict Arnold tried to give the British West Point – Traitor
  20. This American general was able to force the British to follow him along a long and exhaustive route in the Southern colonies. (fighting Quaker) Nathanael Greene
  21. This treaty signed with the Iroquois will be the first between the United States and a Native American nation. Fort Stanwix
  22. Which famous Prussian general will help train the Continental Army? Barron von Steuben
  23. Which American hero might have caused the British to cede the Ohio River region? George Rogers Clarke

Chapter 9

  1. How did the American Revolution weaken the aristocratic upper crust in the colonies? By the exodus of some 80,000 Loyalists
  2. After the American Revolution how did voting rights change? Most states reduced property-holding requirements.
  3. What titles, once reserved for wealthy and highborn colonists, did revolutionaries demand to be used when addressed? Mr. and Mrs.
  4. After the revolution primogeniture was forbidden. What specific topic did primogeniture laws address? Inheritance of your fathers land.
  5. Which church was associated with England and fell from grace? Anglican
  6. What important document by Thomas Jefferson was sent to the Danbury Baptists in 1802 concerning religion in Virginia? What was the thesis of this document? Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom/ That there should be a wall of separation of church and state.
  7. Which group of immigrants will create the world’s first antislavery society? Quakers
  8. What was it’s name not in the book? Pennsylvania Abolition Society
  9. For the most part, what part of the colonies abolished slavery pre-Revolutionary War (New England, Middle, South)? New England
  10. Give a rationale for the occurrence in question #9? New England had terrible soil and needed skilled workers vs. in the South
  11. James Madison recognized that slavery was an evil, but according to him what was an even greater evil? Dismemberment of the union
  12. Who was Elizabeth “Mumbet” Freeman? Mumbet sued her Massachusetts master and won her freedom. She spent the rest of her life serving the lawyer who tried the case, but she was paid.
  13. Describe the idea of “ Republican Motherhood”? Elevated women to a newly prestigious role as the special keepers of the nation’s conscience. Republican women now bore crucial responsibility for teaching the principles of the nation.
  14. According to theory of Republicanism, who holds the authority? (hint: first three words of the Constitution) The people
  15. This was the notion that democracy depended on the unselfish commitment of each citizen to the public good. “civic virtue”
  16. What procedure will be copied by the Constitutional Convention in 1787 from the ratification process which Massachusetts used when it ratified its constitution in 1780? Calling a special convention to change the constitution
  17. Why did the people of Massachusetts feel that annual elections were important of elected officials? Legislators were forced to stay in touch with the mood of the people.
  18. What was the purpose of the State’s written constitutions according to the text? Fundamental law, superior to the transient whims of ordinary legislation.
  19. What two branches of the State’s governments were weak compared to today’s standards? Executive and Judicial
  20. How was American commerce affected by the American Revolution? American ships were barred from British and British West Indies harbors causing a cut in the selling ability of American industries.
  1. How was the average American citizen affected economically by the Revolution? They were worse off because of the inflationary policies of the American gov. Money became worthless.
  2. How was each of the thirteen States sovereign after the American Revolution? They coined money, raised armies and navies, erected tariff barriers.
  3. The was the major issue of discord between the 13 States after the Revolution? Ownership of the Western lands
  4. What style of government did the Articles of Confederation create in the States after the Revolution? “firm league of friendship” weak government
  5. What document was the United States first Constitution? Articles of Confederation
  6. In order to amend the Articles how many States had to vote in the affirmative? All; unanimous vote
  7. What two handicaps of Congress were the worst? No power to regulate commerce; Congress couldn’t enforce its tax-collection program (couldn’t collect taxes to pay the debt incurred during the Revolution).
  8. In the Land Ordinance of 1785, how was land divided? It was divided into townships six miles square, each of which in turn was to be split into thirty- six sections of one square mile each.
  9. Name the five states created in the Northwest Territory? Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio
  10. What policy will be implemented in the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? Why is this important? Slavery was forbidden in the new territories; It shows that the we were trying to abolish slavery as we expanded West. But this will become a problem in the future.
  11. What rebellion caused some of the founding fathers to reconsider the Articles of Confederation? Shay’s Rebellion
  12. How successful was the Annapolis Convention in 1786? Why? Not very, because only 5 States showed up, but Alexander Hamilton will move to use this meeting to call for a Constitutional Convention.
  13. Where did the fifty-five emissaries from twelve states finally meet to revise the Articles? Philadelphia
  14. Who was unanimously chosen chairman of the Constitutional Convention? George Washington
  15. Which famous founding father refused to attend the 1787 Convention and stated that he “smelled a rat”? What other famous signer of the Declaration of Independence was not there? Patrick Henry; John Hancock
  16. How many of the 55 delegates owned slaves? What did the owning of slaves do for these men? 19; Allowed them become wealthy enough to attend this meeting. The average citizen was not a part of this restructuring of our government. To busy trying to earn a living!
  17. Which plan presented by James Madison favored the more populous states? How did it? Virginia Plan; Representation in Congress would be based on the States population
  18. Which plan presented by William Patterson favored the smaller states? How did it? New Jersey; Representation in Congress would be equal representation
  19. What was the major difference between the two plans? Representation
  20. Which delegate of the Constitutional Convention is credited with creating the preamble to the Constitution? What concept concerning citizenship will this statesman promote which was not the norm for his day? (Hjort questions) Governor Morris of Pennsylvania; In an era when most Americans thought of themselves as citizens of their respective states, Morris advanced the idea of being a citizen of a single union of states
  21. How did the Great Compromise sole the representation problem? House would be based on Population; Senate based on equal representation
  22. This compromise dealt with the indirect election of the President of the United States? Electoral College