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Paints, Coatings, & Wallcoverings Exam
Questions With Correct Answers 2025-
Primers
the performance-improving base coat, holds finish coats to the surface, prevents finish coats from sinking into the surface, helps achieve a consistent gloss level, creates a good bond b/w the substrate and the paint
Two Types of Primers
sealers and underbodies
Sealers
hold back anything that might bleed through the finish coats
Underbodies
conceal minor imperfections, sometimes called block fillers
Oil Based Primers
oil based means alkyd, petroleum based, not allowable on wood substrates
Water-Based Primers
can be latex or acrylic, latex is more flexible, both cause grain raising on bare wood
Water-modified Alkyd
hybrid- uses plant-based oil vs. petroleum
Primers on different surfaces
require specific primers
Shellac
used to seal resinous wood to prevent pitch or resin from affecting end result
Paint
the topcoat, performance + decorative, high-impact for (relatively) low cost
Oil-Based Paints
increasingly illegal for walls and trim, metal still requires oil-based, on floor (epoxy), dried harder than water-based (called "surface tack", more toxic than water-based
Paint Sheen Types
high gloss, gloss, semi-gloss, satin, eggshell, matte, flat
High Gloss Sheen
every imperfection will be super obvious, must be applied expertly, massive presswork, easy to clean, ultra* shiny!!!
Gloss Sheen
Imperfections will be visible, expert prep required, good in utility spaces, (cleanability more important than perfection)
Semi-Gloss Sheen
a little less shiny, a little less washable, less need to a perfect surface, specified more often than high gloss or gloss, often used on millwork trim and corridors
Satin
soft sheen, can be cleaned gently, good in offices, living rooms, bedrooms, etc.
Eggshell
very close to satin, but a bit more matte, still kind of washable-gently, good everywhere satin is
Matte
good at hiding imperfections, barely washable, also called "shade" and "velvet" finish, not good for high- impact areas
Flat
not washable, touches up easily, hides more imperfections than other sheen levels, contractors LOVE flat
Prepwork
typically sheetrock or plaster
Plaster
new plaster must cure completely before painting or you'll get adhesion issues, alkali burn, need a couple of weeks curing time, need an alkalinity test before painting
Old plaster might come loose over time...
needs to be tightened down to lath with plaster screws
Old painted millwork trim...
strip the old paint off, be aware of lead paint
Screen Print
hand-screening through mesh fabric, separate screen used for each color
Block Print
a carved block (traditionally wood) has ink applied with a roller, like stamping
Cylinder Print
roller is carved with a pattern, ink is applied, then the roller rolls
Coated Paper
think layer of vinyl or acrylic sprayed on, provides protection and light washability, not suitable for most commercial applications
Wallcovering: Grass Cloth
paper faced with long woven grasses, can be left natural or dyed, avoid uneven appearance by rotating every other panel, seams will always show, some shrinkage when drying (don't trim top and bottom until dry), needs a stain-repellant finish added
Wallcovering: String
continuous rows of string laid side-by-side on a paper backing, seams can be hidden easily, super porous, cats love it, needs a stain-repellant finish added
Wallcovering: Wood and Cork Veneer
real wood or cork veneers backed with paper, sometime sold by the panel vs. by the roll, comes prefinished or might require on-site finishing
Wallcovering: Foil and Mylar
metabolized plastic backed with paper, can show every imperfection in the wall, foil is an actual metal- might oxidize
Wallcovering: Flocked
glue applied in a pattern, then fibers are sprinkled on it, fuzzy, some process as flocked fabric
Wallcovering: Cloth
cloth can be backed with paper, knit backing, foam backing, acrylic backing, or left unbacked, paper backing does not allow for any movement, needs a stain-repellant finish added, can have vinyl laminated over it to improve washability
Wallcovering: Vinyl
Paper-backed Vinyl- paper substrate with a solid vinyl layer applied in liquid form, decorative layer is printed on the vinyl
Fabric-backed Vinyl- woven or non-woven substrate with a solid vinyl layer applied in liquid form, decorative layer is printed or embossed
Solid Vinyl- film vinyl that's laminated to a paper or fabric substrate, more durable than paper-backed or fabric-backed vinyl, where the vinyl is only a coating
Commercial Vinyl Wallcovering Ratings
Type I: light duty for offices, hotel rooms, patient rooms, 12-18 oz/lineal yd
Type II: medium duty for reception areas corridors, classrooms; 18-24 oz/lineal yd
Type III: heavy duty for hospital corridors and other heavy uses with moving equipment; heavier than 24 oz/lineal yd
Issues with specifying
renovations, discontinued patterns, fading, peeling
mold/mildew- can be prevented by micro venting, some are antimicrobial
Installing Wallcoverings
Manufactured in several standard sizes- American single rolls are 27" wide, European rolls are 22" wide, Grasscloth is typically 36" wide, Vinyl is typically 54" wide
Residential Wallcovering- typically priced by the single roll but sold in double or triple rolls to reduce waste
Installation and Symbols
international symbols for characteristics and performance of walkovering are a necessity in today's world market
