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WSET LEVEL 3 (NAPA VALLEY WINE
ACADEMY) QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
The wine tastes more drying and bitter, more acidic. Less sweet and fruity. What effect does a sweet food have on wine? Since sweet food can dull the taste of a wine (losing its fruit and becoming unpleasantly acidic), a good general rule is to select a wine with a higher level of sweetness. What type of wine should you pair with sweet food Increases the perception of bitterness, astringency, acidity and alcohol burn in the wine. It also decreases the perception of body, sweetness, and fruitiness of the wine. What effect does umami food have on wine? Pair with low tannin, lower alcohol red wines without (or limited) oak character. Crisp whites with minimal oak and lower alcohol also work well. What type of wine should you pair with umami food? Salt will increase the perception of body in a wine and decrease astringency, bitterness and acidity.
What effect does salty food have on wine? Fruity and rich (less bitter. less alcoholic) Salty foods will make a tannic, alcoholic red wine taste more .........? Acid in food will increase the perception of body, sweetness, and fruitiness in wine. It will also decrease the perception of acid in a wine. What effect does acidic food have on wine? It's a good rule of thumb to pair high acid food with high acid wine (as wines can appear flat and flabby if the acid of the wine is overwhelmed by the food). What type of wine should be paired with acidic food? Bitterness in food increases the bitterness in wine. What effect does bitter food have on wine? The wine can be overwhelmed by the food flavors. What effect does highly flavored food have on wine? Pair with wines of similar intensity or flavors. What type of wine should be paired with highly flavored food? It makes the wine appear less acidic. What effect does fatty/oily food have on wine? Pair with wines of high levels of acidity. What type of wine should be paired with highly fatty/oily food? In 2009 When did the European Union change it's wine laws?
- Protected Designation of Origen (PDO)
- Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) What are the two labelling terms of EU wines with a geographical indication? Apellation d'Origine Controlee (AC or AOC) What term is used to delineate a PDO wine from France? Vin de Pays (VdP) or Indication Geographique Protegee (IGP). IGP has appeared on many wine labels begining with the 2009 vintage.
What type of harvesting is used throughout Bordeaux? Hand-picking is typical for grapes affected by noble rot used for sweet wine production (Sauternes, Barsac, etc) For what type of wine style is hand-harvesting required in Bordeaux? Grape varieties are fermented separately and blended after fermentation. For Bordeaux red winemaking, are the grape varieties fermented separately or together? In wooden vats or in new or used oak barriques (225 liters) What is Bordeaux red wine typically matured in? They are made ready-to-drink with a high proportion of Merlot in the blend, matured in a vat with no new oak. In Bordeaux, how are inexpensive red wines typically produced? Higher-priced wines use traditional fermentation and have a higher proportion of new oak for maturation; these wines will need maturing in bottle for several years. In Bordeaux winemaking, how are higher-priced red wines typically produced? Typically, stainless steel for a short period of time so that it can retain the varietal characteristics. How is dry Sauvignon Blanc typically aged in Bordeaux? Yes, oak is often used to ferment and/or mature blends of dry Semillon/Sauvignon Blanc wines (ie Pessac-Leognan). It is also used in the production of sweet wines of Bordeaux. Is oak ever used to mature white wine in Bordeaux? red, white, and rose What types of wines are produced under the Generic Bordeaux AC?
- St Estephe
- Pauillac
- St Julien
- Margaux What are the 4 famous regions producing red wines in the Haut-Medoc from north to south?
- Blaye
- Cadillac
- Castillon
- Francs Name 4 appellations that can put their name in front of the term Cotes de Bordeaux for greater recognition.
- Entre-Deux-Mers
- Graves 3 ) Pessac-Leognan What are 3 premium dry white wine regions of Bordeaux?
- Sauternes
- Barsac What are 2 sweet white wine regions of Bordeaux? Undisturbed in a cool dark place with a constant temperature, ideally around 10-15 C (50-59 F). There should also be constant humidity, and wines sealed with a cork should be stored on their side. What are the ideal conditions for longer term storage of wines that improve with age? Vertical 'basket' press where the pressure on the grapes comes from above using a plate that is lowered or raised using a screw or lever. What is the traditional type of wine press used and explain how it works. Similar to Bordeaux but with less maritime influence. What is the climate of southwest France? Bergerac Name the major appellation in southwest France that produces a style of wine similar to Bordeaux. Cotes de Gascogne IGP What is the most important IGP in Southwest France? Monbazillac (sweet white wines) Which AC wine, considered a Bordeaux "copy", is made with Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc? Cahors Which key wine region of southwest France makes a Malbec based red wine? Madiran
Chardonnay and Aligote What are the two main white grape varieties of northern Burgundy? Chardonnay What is the main white grape variety of southern Burgundy? High Are there high or low density plantings in northern Burgundy? Guyot What type of pruning system is used on the vines of northern Burgundy? Mid-slope on the east or southeast facing hillside vineyards. Topographically, where can the best vineyards of northern Burgundy be found? Head trained Gobelet pruned vines. What type of pruning system is employed in Beaujolais? On granite hillsides in the northern part of Beaujolais. Where are the best vineyards found in Beaujolais? In Beaujolais Carbonic maceration is used in what part of Burgundy? Yes, mid to high priced red wines go through a moderate use of oak maturation. Is oak maturation used for the red wines of Burgundy? Typically, stainless steel is used. Very little oak is used for Chablis AC wines. It is more likely to be seen with Grand Cru Chablis or even some Premier Grand Cru. Is oak used to mature the white wines of Chablis? The region lies to the south of the Cote d'Or where the higher altitude makes ripening less reliable. What natural factors influence the wine quality and differentiate the wines in the Cotes Chalonnaise from their famous northern neighbor? Grand Cru What is considered to be the higher level of quality in Chablis: Premier or Grand Cru?
- Les Clos
- Vaudesir
- Valmur
- Les Preuses
- Bougros
- Blanchot
- Grenouilles What are the 7 vineyards that form Chablis Grand Cru AC?
- Beaune
- Aloxe-Corton
- Pommard
- Volnay
- Meursault
- Puligny-Montrachet
- Chassagne-Montrachet What are the 7 key villages in the Cote de Beaune?
- Mercurey
- Givry
- Rully
- Montagny What are the 4 key villages of the Cote Chalonnaise? Volnay and Pommard What two villages in the Cote de Beaune produce only red wine?
- Pouilly-Fuisse (2) Saint-Veran What are the 2 most famous village appellations of the Maconnais?
- Saint Amour
- Julienas
- Chenas
- Moulin-a-Vent
- Fleurie
- Pinot Gris
- Muscat What are the four noble varieties of Alsace (from most widely planted to least)? Pinot Noir What is the only red variety allowed in Alsace?
- Pinot Blanc
- Sylvaner
- Auxerrois Aside from the 4 noble grape varieties, what are 3 other important white varieties in Alsace? They lie on the steep east or southeast facing slopes of the foothills of the Vosges Mountains. Where are the best vineyards in Alsace located? Yes, the low disease pressure in the sunny, dry conditions allows for this. Can biodynamic farming be practiced in Alsace? Wine producers in Alsace typically use stainless steel or large, very old casks to mature their wine. These inert vessels allow for the grapes varietal characteristics to be expressed/retained. In Alsace, which maturation vessel is preferred? Why? With the exception of Pinot Blanc, malolactic fermentation is generally not used because it can mask the pure fruit flavors. Is malolactic fermentation ever used in Alsace? An Alsatian wine made from a blend of grapes. The term translates into "noble blend." What is an Edelzwicker? A blended wine from Alsace What is Gentil? 51 How many Alsace Grand Cru's are there? The label will include the name of the vineyard. The wines are dry to off dry. What must be included on the label of an Alsace Grand Cru wine? Are the wines typically dry or sweet? A late harvest wine made in Alsace. Only the noble varieties are permitted.
What is a Vendage Tardive? A sweet wine from Alsace made from grapes affected by noble rot. They can only be made from the noble varieties of Alsace. What is a Selection de Grains Nobles? The wines are typically varietally labelled. What differentiates Alsace from other French wine regions? Located in northwest France, the Loire experiences three different types of climates:
- Nantais and Anjou = Cool Maritime
- Touraine and Central Vineyards= Cool Maritime with an increasing Continental influence.
- Central Vineyards - Continental What is the location and climate of the Loire? Because of the length of the river, there are signification variations in weather patterns in the Loire Valley. Variations in the weather patterns from year to year can mean that vintages differ widely. Do weather patterns vary or stay consistent throughout the Loire Valley?
- Nantais
- Anjou-Samur
- Touraine
- Central Vineyards What are the four subregions of the Loire Valley? Dry, full bodied Chenin blanc wines. Air circulation around the well exposed vineyards impedes noble rot but enables late harvest Chenin Blanc for full bodied, complex dry wines that can age for decades. What is the general style of Savennieres and what is the main climatic influence creating this style?
- Cabernet Franc
- Gamay What are the 2 key red grape varieties of Anjou-Samur?
- Cabernet Franc/ Cabernet Sauvignon
- Gamay
- Grolleau
Describe the production process of Muscadet sur Lie. What region does it come from?
- Muscadet
- Muscadet Sevre et Maine sur Lie Name 2 key wines from the Nantais?
- Anjou
- Samur
- Coteaux du Layon
- Savennieres Name 4 key wines from Anjou-Samur?
- Touraine
- Vouvray
- Chinon
- Bourgueil Name 4 key wines from Touraine?
- Sancerre
- Pouilly-Fume
- Menetou-Salon Name 3 key wines from the Central Vineyards of the Loire? Val de Loire IGP covers the entire Loire Valley. What is the name of the IGP that covers the entire Loire Valley region?
- Chenin Blanc
- Cabernet Franc Grolleau and Gamay are also seen in Anjou AC. What are the 2 key grape varieties of Anjou AC? What other varieties are also seen in the region?
- Chenin Blanc
- Cabernet Franc What are the key grape varieties of the Saumur AC?
A sweet wine made from Chenin Blanc; possessing a fresh fruit character and mouth-watering acidity. The alcohol is usually around 12-14% and botrytis can be present (to a greater or lesser extent) helping to add body and texture. What type of wine comes from the Coteaux du Layon?
- Quarts de Chaume AC
- Bonnezeaux AC What two sites have their own appellations within the Coteaux du Layon and rank among the world's greatest sweet wines? Chenin Blanc Savennieres is produced from which grape variety? Melon Blanc (aka Melon de Bourgogne, aka Muscadet) What grape variety is used in the key AC wines from the Nantais? Sauvignon Blanc What is the main grape variety in Sancerre? Sauvignon Blanc What is the main grape variety in Menetou-Salon? Sauvignon Blanc What is the main grape variety of Pouilly-Fume?
- Sauvignon Blanc
- Chenin Blanc
- Cabernet Franc
- Gamay
- Malbec What are the 5 main grape varieties in Touraine AC? Chenin Blanc What is the main grape variety in Vouvray? Cabernet Franc What is the main grape variety in the Chinon and Bourgueil ACs?
from the warmth radiated from the soil. Syrah is susceptible to wind damage and benefits from the support offered by guyot pruning and wire or stake training. What type of pruning method is used in the southern Rhone for Grenache? Is the same system employed for Syrah? Unlike northern Rhone, the vineyards of the south have fewer slopes to protect the vines from the Mistral wind. These winds gain speed in this area and can cause extensive damage to the vineyards. Why are windbreaks planted in the southern Rhone? Grenache What is the most widely planted grape of the southern Rhone? Yes, for the lighter styles of wine, carbonic maceration is used in the production of some red Cotes-du- Rhone wines of the south. Is carbonic maceration employed in the Rhone Valley? New oak is being used more and more in the northern Rhone. New oak has a tendency to overwhelm the more delicate flavors of Grenache and thus is not used as much in the southern Rhone. Is new oak ever used in winemaking of Rhone valley wines?
- Cote Rote (r)
- Condrieu (w)
- Saint Joseph (r/w)
- Hermitage (r/w)
- Crozes-Hermitage (r/w)
- Cornas (r) What are the 6 key wine regions of the northern Rhone (from north to south)?
- Cotes du Rhone (r/w/rose)
- Cotes du Rhone Villages (r/w/rose)
- Vacqueyras (r)
- Gigondas (r)
- Chateauneuf-du-Pape (r/w)
- Lirac (r/rose)
- Tavel (rose) What are the 7 key wine regions of the southern Rhone? Syrah What is the only permitted red grape variety in Cote Rotie? No, although only red wines can be produced in this region (from the Syrah grape), up to 20% Viognier is allowed to be co-fermented with Syrah. Does Cote Rotie require 100% Syrah? Viognier Wines from Condrieu must be made solely from what grape variety? Syrah What is the red grape variety in Saint-Joseph?
- Marsanne
- Roussanne What are the 2 white grape varieties permitted in Saint-Joseph? Syrah What is the red grape variety permitted in Crozes-Hermitage?
- Marsanne
- Roussanne What are the 2 white grape varieties permitted in Crozes-Hermitage? Syrah What is the red grape variety of Hermitage?
- Marsanne
- Roussanne What are the 2 white grape varieties permitted in Hermitage? Syrah What is/are the red grape variety(ies) permitted in Cornas?
What are the 2 main grape varieties used for rosé in Cotes-du-Rhone, Cotes-du-Rhone Villages, Lirac, and Tavel? Grenache What is the main grape variety of Vacqueyras and Gigondas? Yes, they are allowed to use Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault, and others. They are made in a similar full- bodied, spicy style of Chateauneuf du Pape. Are Vacqueyras and Gigondas allowed to use grape varieties other than Grenache in the production of their red wines? Grenache What is the main red grape variety of Chateauneuf-du-Pape?
- Lirac
- Tavel Which two southern Rhone crus are located on the west bank of the Rhone river? Tavel which uses Cinsault and Grenache mainly in their roses (other grapes are allowed). Which key region of the southern Rhone can only produce rose wines? What are the 2 grape varieties mainly used? Warm Mediterranean (mitigated by altitude) What is the climate of southern France? True True or False: Southern France has the largest vineyard area in France. Red varieties account for well over 75% of plantings in southern France. Does southern France have more plantings dedicated to red or white grapes?
- Grenache
- Syrah
- Carignan What are the top three red grape varieties grown in southern France?
- Chardonnay
- Sauvignon Blanc
What are the top two white varieties planted in southern France?
- Languedoc 2) Roussillon
- Provence What are the three main regions that make up southern France? Provence What area lies east of the Rhone and extends to the Italian border? Languedoc and Roussillon What areas lie west of the Rhone and extends to the Spanish border?
- Mistral
- Tramontane What two environmental factors can have a cooling influence but, can also damage the vines of southern France? Vineyards planted inland in the foothills are noticeably cooler and have less fertile, well-drained soils that better suit quality viticulture. Where are the best vineyards of southern France located? Drought What is the biggest viticultural challenge in southern France? False; fungal disease is less of a problem in southern France than anywhere else in the country. (dry conditions) True or False? Fungal disease is very prevalent in southern France. True; nevertheless, it continues to be in a state of flux. Producers who have been able to invest in modern equipment and techniques have achieved a dramatic increase in quality. True or False? The focus of production in the south of France has long since moved from large volumes of poor quality Vin de Table to higher quality Vin de Pays (IGP) and AC wines. Varied, and broken up by many prominent ranges of hills which offer protection from the Mistral. Describe the landscape of Provence. Cotes de Provence Which is the largest appellation in Provence?
