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A 12-year-old child being evaluated in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG waveform. The team interprets this as which arrhythmia? - correct answers second degree Laboratory tests are ordered for a child who has been vomiting for 3 days and is diaphoretic, tachypneic, lethargic and pale. Which test would the provider use to determine the adequacy of oxygen delivery? - correct answers Lactate A 9-year-old patient is presenting with decreased breath sounds, bradycardia, slowed respiratory rate and a low O2 saturation level. The provider interprets these findings as indicating which condition? - correct answers Respiratory failure A 4-year-old child is brought to the emergency department by the parents. Assessment reveals that the child has only gasping respirations and the pulse rate is 65 beats per minute. Which action would the provider initiate first? - correct answers Deliver 1 BVM ventilation every 3 to 5 seconds. A 15-year-old patient is being evaluated during a follow-up visit after being diagnosed with Lyme disease 2 months ago. A rhythm strip is obtained as shown below. The provider interprets this rhythm as indicating which arrhythmia? - correct answers First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block A child in cardiac arrest experiences return of spontaneous circulation but is exhibiting signs of post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS). The PALS resuscitation team determines that the child is experiencing a systemic response to ischemia/reperfusion. The team bases this determination on which finding(s)? - correct answers Hypotension
Fever Hyperglycemia A 2-year-old child arrives at the emergency department with the parents. The child is unresponsive, is not breathing and has no pulse. Two emergency department providers begin high-quality CPR. Which action(s) by the providers demonstrates high-quality CPR? - correct answers Allowing the chest to recoil fully after each compression Providing ventilations that last about 1 second each Compressing the chest about 2 inches Giving 2 ventilations to every 15 compressions A PALS resuscitation team is preparing to defibrillate a child experiencing cardiac arrest. For which rhythm(s) would this action be appropriate? - correct answers VF and pVT are shockable cardiac arrest rhythms. A provider is assessing a child with suspected shock. Which statement correctly describes hypotension and shock? - correct answers Hypotension is not a consistent feature of shock;
A 4-month old infant is brought to the emergency department in cardiac arrest. Which condition would the team identify as the most common cause of cardiac arrest in an infant of this age? - correct answers Sudden infant death syndrome A 9-year-old child is brought to the emergency department because the child suddenly collapsed at school. The child's ECG reveals the following waveform, and primary assessment findings indicate that the child is hemodynamically unstable. Which primary assessment findings indicate this? - correct answers Difficulty breathing Hypotension Mottling Decreased level of consciousnes 2 - year-old child is brought to the pediatric urgent care clinic by the parent who says that the child has had a barking cough for two days. During the rapid assessment of the child, the provider hears audible inspiratory stridor. Which common cause of partial upper airway obstruction in children would the provider most likely suspect? - correct answers croup A 6-year-old child is brought to the emergency department. The child has been experiencing extremely watery stools over the past several days. After completing the assessment, the healthcare provider suspects that the child may be experiencing shock. Which type of shock would the provider most likely suspect? - correct answers hypovolemic
While performing a rapid assessment and formulating an initial impression using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT), the provider assesses the child's circulation. Which information would be important to consider? - correct answers When assessing the adequacy of circulation, consider skin color and visible mucous membranes for pallor (or gray/dusky color), cyanosis, mottling or flushing and evidence of any bleeding, including life-threatening bleeding. Assessment of a 3-month-old infant admitted with respiratory distress reveals fever, grunting and a wet, "junky" cough. The infant's parents said the child had a recent respiratory infection with a fever. A rapid respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) test is positive. Which condition would the provider most likely suspect as the cause? - correct answers bronchiolitis PALS resuscitation team notes the following ECG waveform and the child does not have a pulse. The team prepares to intervene to address which arrhythmia? - correct answers torsades The emergency response team is providing care to a preschooler who is experiencing shock. The primary goal, common to all types of shock, is to restore a favorable balance between tissue perfusion and metabolic demand with a focus on what? - correct answers The primary goal in shock, regardless of cause, is to restore a favorable balance between tissue perfusion and metabolic demand with a focus on oxygen delivery and oxygen demand. The PALS resuscitation team is providing care to an intubated child in cardiac arrest. Which result best determines the adequacy of the team's chest compressions? - correct answers End-tidal carbon dioxide level between 15 and 20 mmHg
A child being cared for in the pediatric telemetry unit suddenly displays the following ECG waveform. The provider prepares to intervene because the child is demonstrating which type of arrhythmia? - correct answers Supraventricular tachycardia A 6-year-old patient is brought to the emergency department after a bicycle accident. Assessment reveals tracheal deviation to the left side, chest pain on inspiration and decreased breath sounds on the right side. The provider suspects obstructive shock caused by what condition? - correct answers tension pneumothorax A child is experiencing stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and is to receive treatment. Which initial treatment would the provider administer? - correct answers vagal An unresponsive 7 - year-old child with no pulse is brought to the pediatric urgent care center by his parents and CPR is initiated. The cardiac monitor reveals ventricular fibrillation. Which action would the PALS team take first? - correct answers initiate defibrillation with 2 J/kg. A child who is stable and exhibiting a narrow-complex tachycardia is to receive adenosine. The provider would be alert for which result after administering this medication? - correct answers Patients may have a brief period of "asystole" following the administration of adenosine. This is normal and typically self-limited. An 8-year-old child being treated in the emergency department has significant respiratory distress. The child also exhibits hives, wheezing, angioedema, tachycardia and dyspnea. The parents state that the child, who is allergic to peanuts, had eaten some popcorn that had peanuts in it. The team initiates care, preparing to administer which agent first? - correct answers epi
A 2-year-old child of unknown weight arrives at the emergency department in cardiac arrest. When preparing to administer medications, which action would be appropriate for the team to take? - correct answers tape The PALS team is providing post-cardiac arrest care to an 8-year-old child in the pediatric intensive care unit. Which intervention would the team implement to achieve the primary goal of post-cardiac arrest care? - correct answers ensure MAP A 12-year-old is being treated in the urgent care clinic. The mother reports that the child came home from school yesterday with a high fever, vomiting and multiple episodes of watery diarrhea. The healthcare provider obtains a rhythm strip and notes the following waveform. The provider interprets this as which type of arrhythmia? - correct answers sinus tahy A child requires cardiac monitoring. A three-electrode system is being used. At which location would the provider place the red electrode? - correct answers On the lower left abdomen An advanced airway was placed in a 5-year-old child. Which action(s) would be most appropriate for the team to take to confirm correct placement? - correct answers Auscultate over the lungs and epigastrium for air movement, Observe for bilateral chest rise, Evaluate results of capnography. A 12-lead ECG is ordered for a child complaining of a "racing heart." When placing the electrodes on the child, at which location would the lead for V4 be placed? - correct answers fifth intercostal space at the midclavicular line on the patient's left side.
A provider is forming an initial impression of a child using the Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT). During which step of the PAT may the provider use the mnemonic TICLS to assess the patient? - correct answers appearance A child in the pediatric intensive care unit displays the following ECG waveform. The child has no pulse. The resuscitation team interprets this as which arrhythmia - correct answers Monomorphic pulseless ventricular tachycardia A child experiencing unstable bradycardia is receiving CPR. Despite efforts with CPR, including assuring oxygenation and ventilation, the child's status remains unchanged. Which medication would the emergency response team expect to administer next? - correct answers epi A 4-year-old child suddenly collapses in the playroom of the facility. A healthcare provider observes the event and hurries over to assess the child. The healthcare provider completes which assessment first? - correct answers rapid
